Teoretické východiská merania a riadenia politického rizika
THEORETICAL BASES OF MEASURING AND MANAGING POLITICAL RISK

Summary/Abstract: Governments (in theory) exist to serve the needs of country’s citizens through the application of monetary, fiscal, social and other policies. Managers of the companies take the place interest of shareholders or interest groups including employees, custo-mers, suppliers and their goal is maximize wealth with regard to interest groups. The objectives of a host country and of a foreign companies are likely do differs and some degree of political risk is inevitable.The possibility of such events occurring and having an influence on the economics of companies is called political risk. In economic literature we meet with different ac-cess how to define political risk.Stephen Kobrin has classified contemporary political risk between two dimensions. The first dimension distinguished between macro risk and micro risk. Macro risk is risk that affects all foreign companies in a country. Micro risk is specific risk that is typical for industry, companies or projects. Political risk definitions fall into two main categories. The first describe political risk in terms of government interference, the second in terms of events. In economic literature after the Second World War politic risk in macro level is lin- ked to mind the abrupt expropriations of both domestic and foreign private business in Eastern Europe and China as those territories came under communist control.Micro risk is second major form of contemporary political risk. It arises from cor-ruption and conflict between objectives of governments and private firms. Conflicts bet-ween objectives of companies and host country have raised on such issues as the firm impact on development on national sovereignty, foreign control of they industry, sha-ring of ownership and control with local interests, impact on a host country’s balance of payment, influence on the foreign exchange value of its currency, control over export markets.Global specific risks are the third major form of political risk. They include terrorism, antiglobalization movement, environmental concerns, poverty in emerging markets and cyberattacks on computer systems.Corruption defends from admission of foreign capitals and is one of the risk factors on micro level. Political corruption and blackmail contribute to the risk of managing foreign direct investment.Macro techniques are typically country or political indices. They assessed political risk by giving each country a score and create a relative ranking of political risk within the country as a whole.The main advantage of macro techniques is that they sum up numerous complex va-riables into meaningful quantitative indices. The experts analyzed such as political sta-bility, currency convertibility, social conditions, conflicts between countries, financial and accounting infrastructure.

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