Podstawowe wymiary manipulacji wyborczych
Basic dimensions of electoral manipulation

Summary/Abstract: The article is dedicated to the electoral manipulation carried out in democratic countries. Its subject axis is to distinguish between electoral fraud and manipulation. The first concept is operationalized as a violation of existing law and pursuant to the relevant provisions it should be assessed by the judicial authorities. Electoral manipulation actions don’t break the law, but their consequence is to increase or decrease intentionally the election chances of some entities, by modifying the rules of electoral competition. The most important task of the research realized in the text is to identify the main dimensions where the intentional change may lead to electoral manipulation.

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