Politicko-ekonomický vývoj Nemecka po zjednotení v roku 1990
Political and economic development in Germany after reunification on 1990

Summary/Abstract: Germany has traditionally had specific position in the central part of Europe because of geopolitics and geoeconomics. After 1945, the fundamental difference between East and West was over Germany. The country and Berlin, the capital city of Germany, were devided into The Federal republic of Germany and The German democratic republic. In the middle of 1980 the processes of desintegration of USSR and its empire started. In 1989 The president of USSR Gorbachev and The president of U.S.A. Bush were able to announce that the „cold war“ was over. Finally, in November 1989, crowds in Berlin began to dismantle the Berlin Wall. On October 1990, the reunification of Germany took place. East Germany, a centrally planned economy, was reunified with West Germany. Political and economical development after the reunification showed that differences between „west“ and „east“ of Germany are not surmountable in the midd-term horizon. In the late 1990‘s the growth of german economy declined and the labor market got into troubles. In the field of foreign policy the priority number 1 maintained the further cultivation of the relationship with The United States of America and the deepening of European integration. The role and influence of Germany has increased in the region of Eastern Europe and Balkan, where Germany made its original diplomatic activities (the recognition of Slovenia and Croatia). Germany has became one of the most active countries in the processes of NATO and EU enlargement. The parliament elections in 1994 won the conservative – liberal coalition of CDU/CSU and FDP, though with a narrow victory. This meant a limit of governmental power and a possibility of pushing through some reforms on social and economic issues. The new Gerhard Schröder‘s government, after the Social Democratic Party (SPD) and The Green Party came to power in 1998 election, promissed to undertake reforms according to „The Third way“. This new government presented in the term of 1998 – 2002 a new policy in the field of foreign politics (refused the war against Irak) and used ways of multilateral discussions. The social and economic reforms took place in the second term (after 2002) as well, especially the reforms on social security and retirement pensions.

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