Nakłady na działalność badawczo‑rozwojową w Polsce na tle państw Unii Europejskiej
Research and development expenditure in Poland in comparison to the EU member states

Summary/Abstract: This paper investigates the issue of research and development (R&D) activity in Poland in 2010–2018 on the basis of the R&D expenditure. It begins with a brief introduction to the concept of R&D in the context of innovative activity. The next two sections discuss the results of the empirical research on R&D expenditure. While the second section presents results for Poland only, the third one looks at the results of comparative analyses of R&D expenditure in Poland versus other EU member states. The results indicate that Poland has experienced a significant progress in the field of R&D activity over the last years. However, there is still a considerable distance between Poland and the EU R&D leaders.

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