The influence of hormonal mechanisms in arterial hypertension in patient with mental disorders
The influence of hormonal mechanisms in arterial hypertension in patient with mental disorders

Summary/Abstract: At the same time as the incidence of cardiovascular diseases increases, associated secondarypsychiatric disorders are more and more frequent. This article highlights the interplaybetween hormonal mechanisms and psychiatric disorders in patients with essentialhypertension. Hypertension has been recognized as a multi-factorial trait resulting from theeffect of a combination of environmental and genetic factors, including excess dietary salt oralcohol intake, stress, age, genetics and family history, obesity, physical inactivity, as well ashigh saturated fat diet. During the past few years, however, a large amount of information hasbeen collected on the vascular inflammation, indicating that inflammation may involve in theinitiation as well as development of hypertension and allowing us to reconsidering thepathogenic mechanisms of hypertension. High blood pressure is a major cardiovascular riskfactor with an increasing incidence in the aging population. Blood pressure is the pressure exerted by blood on the artery walls during contraction and rhythmic relaxation of the heart.Hypertension occurs when the strength of the blood is stronger than it should be normally. Itscauses cannot be easily identified and the prevalence of the disease tends to increase with age.The etiology of high blood pressure in more than 90% of cases cannot be attributed to aunique, identifiable cause. The mechanisms involved are numerous: genetic predisposition,vascular remodeling, endothelial dysfunction, renal retention of water and salt, dysfunction ofthe renin angiotensin-aldosterone system, sympathetic autonomic hypertonia and insulinresistance. These incriminated mechanisms are frequently associated with hypertensinogenicfactors such as obesity, sedentary lifestyle, increased salt intake, dyslipidemia, increasedalcohol consumption. The key element in the hormonal mechanisms is the renin-angiotensinaldosterone system being the main system responsible for the hydrosaline retention and bloodpressure increase. However, angiotensin II can also be produced at the tissue levelindependent of the conversion enzyme. This can significantly contribute to the onset andprogression of high blood pressure and ventricular hypertrophy. Conclusions. In this regard,the studies illustrate the activation of the renin-angiotensin system in prehypertensive subjectsand the benefits of drug limitation of angiotensin II actions in an early phase, in order todelay the progression to high blood pressure.

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