VLIV STŘEVNÍ MIKROBIOTY NA LIDSKÉ ZDRAVÍ
THE IMPACT OF THE GUT MICROBIOTA ON HUMAN HEALTH

Summary/Abstract: Introduction:The human gastrointestinal tract harbours a complex and dynamic population of microorganisms, the gut microbiota, which exert a marked influence on the host during homeostasis. Intestinal bacteria play a crucial role in maintaining immune and metabolic homeostasis and also protecting against pathogens. Altered gut bacterial composition (dysbiosis) has been associated with the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases and infections. Findings: The development and alteration of the gut microbiota are affected by a variety of factors including birthing and infant feeding method, exposure to stress, environment, diet, medications, lifestyle and comorbid diseases. Early reports suggested that the infant microbiota would attain an adult-like structure at the age of 3 years, but recent studies have suggested that microbiota development may take longer. This development time is of key importance because there is evidence to suggest that deviations in this development may have consequences in later life. One third of our gut microbiota is common to most people, while two thirds are specific to each one of us. We may say that the our microbiota is like an our individual identity card. Conclusion: The advances in modeling and analysis of gut microbiota will further our knowledge of their role in health and disease, allowing customization of existing and future therapeutic and prophylactic modalities.

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