K některým slovenským a českým prezentacím metafor
To some Slovak and Czech presentations of metaphors

Summary/Abstract: Metaphors are traditionally divided into lexicalized and stylistic. Linguists agree in seeing the relationship of similarity of phenomena as the source of both types. Opinions diverge on whether metaphors are based on a transfer of meaning or a transfer of denomination, and this question therefore seems irrelevant. Not distinguishing between lexicalized and stylistic metaphors and understanding them as a uniform, undifferentiated phenomenon is methodologically ineffective. It hides the danger of omitting some important metaphorical techniques. The following functions of metaphor formation can be distinguished: 1. Denomination of an unnamed phenomenon. 2. Alternative neutral denomination of an already named phenomenon. 3. Alternative marked denomination of a named phenomenon. 4. Conventional figurative denomination of a phenomenon. 5. Innovative figurative denomination of a phenomenon. The resulting metaphors can be divided into two groups: polysemic metaphors (types 1 to 3) – denomination of a phenomenon after similar phenomena (further divided into marked and neutral), and synonymic metaphors (types 4 and 5) – figurative reformulations of denominations (further divided into conventional and inventive).

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