Rozwój kwestii kurdyjskiej na Bliskim Wschodzie
Development of the Kurdish Issue in the Near East

Summary/Abstract: For a long time the Kurds have been a signifi cant element of striving for dominance in the Near East. The mountainous areas of Kurdistan became the natural border of infl uences of various world powers. In the past, the Persian and the Ottoman people on the one hand used the Kurds against each other, on the other hand they cooperated pacifying the rebelling Kurdish tribes. In the 20th century new players joined the rivalry, also outside the Near East. Dispersion ofthe Kurdish people after World War I among four countries led to new divisions and different interests of the Kurds inhabiting particular countries. The Kurdish problem is very complex. It has an external dimension, which may be noticed in the great number of subjects directly engaged, and internal dimension, refl ected in dispersion of the Kurdish people as well as multithreading of the problem. Complexity is the key feature of the discussed issue and the main topic of this text – on the one hand it hampers settlement of the problem, on the other hand it shows that a great number of tensions would disappear if the problem was solved. To understand it better, it is worth to learn the Kurds’ characteristics, their division into particular groups and their position in the regional international relations.

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