Ред, закон и държава в учението на Платон – Полис
Order, Law and State in Plato’s Theory

Summary/Abstract: The article is the second part (named Polis) of a bigger study aiming to point out the importance of the idea of order in Plato’s work. This part is focused on the social order as an integral part of a basic general cosmic order. In the first part (Cosmos) the author argues that the core of Plato’s theory concerning the social order (which includes the legal order), is oriented towards the understanding that the order in the polis could be assessed as good (in a broad sense) only in case it is a reflection of the general cosmic order. And the philosopher, being the unique person, who is capable to understand the principles of the general cosmic order, is for that reason the only one, who is untitled to create the juridical laws. In the second part the author analyzes Plato’s ideal state as an attempt to transfer the cosmic order into society by using the notion of justice. Justice is described as a matter of proportional (but not equal) distribution. That understanding of justice is reproduced in the work of Aristotle and many others. Following Plato’s different classifications of the forms of government, the author emphasizes on the importance of one of them, which is based on two criteria – number of rulers and compliance with justice and Law.

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