A Present Stuck in the Past Innovation and Commercialization Activities in the OECD and the CEEC
A Present Stuck in the Past Innovation and Commercialization Activities in the OECD and the CEEC

Summary/Abstract: The trajectory of development defined as top-down model in the CEEC and bottom-up model in the OECD left long lasting effects on the institutional collaboration, innovation output and commercialization activities. Using international statistics data for 19 OECD and 13 Central and Eastern Europe countries the analyses reveals the following differences. The bottom up model in the OECD results in a close positive relationship between sub-systems. The high level of inter-connectiveness between institutions positively influences the efficiency of sub-systems. The level of innovation output is higher and is a function of development indicators and of economic openness. The commercialization activity shows that business-industry R&D expenditure stimulates the patents and publication. The top down model in the CEEC is still present and is keeping the sub-systems relatively separate. That results in a less intensive and positive relationship between education and economy and consequently in less efficiency of sub-systems. The level of innovation output is extremely low and indicates low system effectiveness. The government is the dominant source of R&D expenditures which has a negative impact on commercialization, patents and publications.

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