АСОЦИЈАЦИЈА ПОМЕЃУ АБО КРВНОГРУПНИОТ СИСТЕМ И КОВИД-19
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ABO BLOOD GROUP SYSTEM AND COVID-19

Summary/Abstract: Introduction: COVID-19 infection is rapidly spreading around the world and has brought a global health crisis. The ABO blood group system is associated with a number of infectious diseases, including hepatitis B, dengue haemorrhagic fever, cholera, measles, and other diseases. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new respiratory infectious disease and therefore it is necessary to investigate the association between COVID-19 and ABO blood group system. The relationship between ABO blood group and the incidence of COVID-19 infection has been investigated in several studies. The reported results are controversial, so the aim of this study is to assess the relationship between different blood groups from the ABO blood group system and COVID-19 infection.Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, statistically processed data from patients with proven PSR positive test for COVID-19 infection, processed at random, in three cities of the Republic of North Macedonia: Stip, Kicevo and Delchevo, from 09.03.2019 to 09.11.2019.Results: In a period of eight months, out of the total number of positive patients from COVID-19 infection (Stip - 1963, Kicevo - 299 and Delchevo - 322), 435 positive patients were treated (Stip - 217, Kicevo - 95 and Delchevo - 123 ) by sex, age, clinical condition and ABO blood type. By gender, 266 (61.12%) are male and 169 (38.87%) are female. According to age, most patients are over 50 years old, 220 patients (50.57%), 145 patients (33.33%) aged 30-50 years and 70 patients (16.09%) under 30 years old. Regarding the clinical findings, most of the patients have asymptomatic to mild clinical findings (55.63%), then moderately severe clinical findings (29.42), and the lowest percentage of patients with severe clinical findings (14.94%). Knowing the percentage of ABO blood groups in the Republic of North Macedonia, with statistical processing of patients, out of the total number of examined patients in all three cities, most patients have blood group A (47.3%), followed by blood group B (28.05%), and at least with blood group O (18.39%) and AB (6.44%). However, there is a statistically significant difference in positive patients with blood group B (11.97%) and A (6.52%) of the total percentage of persons with that blood group in the Republic of North Macedonia.Conclusion: Our results showed a significantly increased number of positive male patients with COVID-19 infection and mostly over 50 years of age. This study also showed that people with blood types A and B have a higher risk of COVID-19 infection, while those with blood groups O and AB are at lower risk. There is a statistically significant correlation between positive patients with COVID-19 and ABO blood group, but it is necessary in the future to make studies and examine the correlation of a larger number of samples.

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