ПРЕВЕНЦИЈА НА ЗАВИСНОСТИ ОД АЛКОХОЛИЗАМ,НАРКОМАНИЈА,ПУШЕЊЕ
PREVENTION OF ALCOHOLISM ADDICTION, DRUG ADDICTION, SMOKING

Summary/Abstract: Addictive diseases are a significant socio-medical problem with an ever-increasing number of addicts. from alcohol, drugs and nicotine. Addiction is a strong, occasionally disturbed desire or need to take substances, alcohol or cigarettes. Addiction to a substance can be mental or physical. The socio-medical significance of addictive diseases is due to high rates of morbidity and mortality. According to the WHO, alcoholism is a recurrence or episodic, intentional intake of alcohol. Alcohol abuse means daily, excessive and uncontrolled drinking. Alcohol has a destructive effect on all cells and tissues. Drug addiction is a condition of periodic or chronic intoxication of the body from taking drugs. A drug is any substance of plant or synthetic origin introduced into the body, which changes one or more functions, and leads to mental or physical dependence. Tobacco leaves are smoked crushed like cigarettes, in the form of cigars, in a pipe or hookah. Tobacco contains a strong neurotoxin, nicotine. Nicotine is absorbed in various quantities into the bloodstream, and tolerance and dependence develop. By definition, smoking is a psychological dependence caused by the action of nicotine on the central nervous system. Toxic ingredients in tobacco are: nicotine, tar, carbon monoxide. Cigarette smoking is a harmful habit that has been linked to respiratory problems and lung cancer. The aim of the paper is to perceive the situation and to show the trend of morbidity from the use of alcohol and narcotics among the population in the Republic of Northern Macedonia, as well as the trend of smoking among teenagers aged 13 to 15 in RS Macedonia. Alcoholism and drug morbidity are from the IPH - Institute of Public Health obtained from the neuropsychiatric departments at the general hospitals and centers for treatment of alcohol and drug addicts in RS Macedonia. The Global Tobacco Use Survey includes eighth- and ninth-grade students in elementary schools and freshmen in high schools. The morbidity rate per 10,000 inhabitants shows an increase of 4.3 in 2016. at 4.5 in 2017. The number of deaths from alcoholic psychosis increases from 9 in 2011 to 13 in 2014, and again decreases to 7 deaths in 2017.The number of treated sick, drug addicts increased from 1644 in 2016 to 1897 in 2017 (by 15.4%). According to a global study by the RS Institute of Public Health. Macedonia for tobacco use among mothers, there is a decrease in smoking among teenagers from 13 to 15 years compared to previous years. Among adolescents from 13 to 15 years, the prevalence of tobacco smokers is 10.9 percent, ie 13.1% for boys and 8.4% for girls . Alcohol restriction reduces its use and related harm. It is necessary to strengthen control over the use of sedatives and tranquilizers with team approach, especially in the female population of young people. WHO calls on countries to speed up efforts to control tobacco, in accordance with their contracts Agenda for Sustainable Development 2030.

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