Россия, Турция и США как внешние угрозы единству Европейского союза: анализ представлений национальных элит
Russia, Turkey and US as External Threats to the Cohesion of the EU: A Study on National Elites’ Perceptions

Summary/Abstract: In this study elites’ perception of three potential external threats to the cohesion of the EU has been investigated: enlargement of the EU to include Turkey, close relationships between some EU countries and the United States, and interference of Russia in European affairs. Analysis of the Belgian, German, Polish and Lithuanian elite survey data shows that on the most abstract level there is no common European identity constructed across the selected European states. It appeared that distinct European identities emerge along the new-old EU member-states divide. At the same time, individual level factors such as elite left-right self-identification, different visions of the role and future of the EU as well as type of the preferred national identity (achieved vs. ascribed) significantly shape perceptions of external threats and therefore constitute the grounds on which distinct European identities are formed.

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