Argumente pro şi contra avortului din perspectiva teoriilor teleologice si deontologice
Arguments for and against Abortion Perspective Teleological and Deontological Theories'

Summary/Abstract: The most important general and theoretical horizons regarding bioethics refer to the foundation of ethical theories. We can talk about two main general categories in which we can place the ethical theories: teleological and deontological. From the first category we enumerate the Aristotelian perspective or the one developed by J. St. Mill, while the Kantian perspective is exemplary for deontological ethics. According to the teleological perspective, a form of human behavior is described as moral or non-moral according to the goals explicitly set. The mere achievement of these goals is a necessary and sufficient condition to qualify as moral people’s actions or deeds without taking into account the ”intermediate stages“ of the actions performed to achieve those goals. Deontology, as a general horizon of articulating ethical theories, believes on the contrary that in every moment of our existence, every action or deed that we accomplish can be described as moral or non-moral according to the ethical principles underlying our behavior. The very important consequences arising from the two general theoretical horizons concern two different perspectives on ”human nature“, or what we call the essence of the human being. Starting from this horizon we will have the consequentialist and deontological dimensions related to abortion. The bioethical dimension in which we will discuss the issue of abortion involves both dimensions or horizons. The arguments against abortion seem to rely rather on the Kantian deontological horizon, while abortion pros seem to rely on the consequentialist horizon. This text is intended as an open discussion between the two horizons which cannot yet be harmonized. There are existential situations in which abortion is described as ”desirable“ in a consequentialist view and there are situations in which abortion can be ”avoided“ in a deontological view. Both existential horizons are justifiable and cannot be reducible. For the moment, bioethics confirms to us the unilateral impossibility as to abortion (either pro only or against only).

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