OSMANLI’DAN CUMHURİYET’E ARTVİN VİLAYETİ’NİN SİYASİ, SOSYAL VE EKONOMİK DURUMU
THE POLITICAL, SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC SITUATION IN ARTVIN PROVINCE FROM THE OTTOMANS TO THE REPUBLIC

Summary/Abstract: The captivity years of Artvin and its liberation from enemy occupation is different from other provinces which were occupied by enemies. Despite the fact that these events took place a short time ago, this situation has been overlooked by researchers. While investigating the occupation and liberation of cities, firstly, the cities should be classified as cities occupied before the Armistice of Mudros and cities occupied after the Armistice of Mudros. Secondly, cities should be categorized as the cities which achieved their liberation through their local communities’ own struggles against enemies with the help of the Grand National Assembly and the cities which were liberated by the Turkish Army. However, Artvin cannot be classified into either of these categories because the residents of Artvin, who lived in captivity for fortytwo years, never broke their ties with their motherland. Firstly, they formed militia forces and fought against the Russians. Secondly, some of them stood by the members of the Special Organization (Teşkilat-ı Mahsusa), who were operating against the Russians in the region. Thirdly, some residents provided moral and material support including human resources for the Turkish Army in the region regardless. Furthermore, the residents of Artvin sent their children of military draft age to almost every front where the Turkish Army fought both in World War I and the Turkish War of Independence. The number of people from Artvin province who become martyr in these fronts was 225 according to the Ministry of Defense. According to the data obtained, this study deals with the political, social and economic situation in Artvin from the '93 war (1877-1878 Ottoman-Russian War) until the period of famine which broke out in 1930, which affected the whole world, and it was seen that despite all the difficult conditions, the residents of Artvin province made every sacrifice they could in order not to be left out of Turkey.

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