ТРОЈНИОТ СОЈУЗ НА МАКЕДОНСКОТО КРАЛСТВО, ОДРИСКОТО КРАЛСТВО И АТИНА (431 ГОД. ПР. Н.Е.)
THE TRIPLE ALLIANCE OF THE MACEDONIAN KINGDOM, THE ODRYSIAN KINGDOM AND ATHENS (431 BC)

Summary/Abstract: In the reign of King Perdiccas II (454-413 BC), the Macedonian Kingdom was faced with rapid tightening of the relations with the Odrysian Kingdom and Athens as major regional Balkan forces. In the interest of preserving the sovereignty and the territorial integrity of his kingdom, Perdiccas II initiated diplomatic negotiations and conclusion of an alliance agreement with the Odrysian King Sitalces and Athens. At the same time an Odrysian-Athenian alliance agreement has been concluded, which encircled the triple diplomatic alliance crossing the Macedonian, Athenian and the Thracian relationship with mutual claims, conditions, threats and commitments. In the diplomatic negotiations with Sitalces, the Macedonian Kingdom had a few clearly defined goals: establishing good neighborly relations with the Odrysian Kingdom; utilizing the mediation of King Sitalces and his Abderian kinship for reconciliation with Athens; giving up the Odrysian support for the pretender to the Macedonian throne - Prince Philip, which would put a definitive end to the long civil war. But for researchers it still remains contentious, what was offered in return from the Macedonian king? More explanations are apparently acceptable, but fully unprovable with open space for further research discussions. According to the concluded Odrysian-Athenian alliance agreement: Sitalces’ son – Sadocus received Athenian citizenship; Sitalces undertook an obligation to help putting an end to the war on the coast of Thrace and to send Thracian army to help the Athenians against the riotous Chalcidic polises. However, according to the concluded Macedonian-Athenian alliance agreement: Athens accepted to regain the occupied city of Therme within the Macedonian Kingdom; Perdiccas agreed to immediately raise an invasion against the Chalcidians, along with the army of the Athenian general Formion and committed to put an end to the Chalcidic war on the coast of Thrace. The triple alliance of the Macedonian Kingdom, Odrysian Kingdom and Athens was just a temporary lull and review of the situation, mutual aspirations and opportunities. Soon after, the allied relations deteriorated rapidly, with the dramatic expansion and invasion of Sitalces against the Macedonian Kingdom and Chalcidice (October-December 429 BC), reportedly at the request and as an ally of Athens.

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