SEKURITIZACIJA MIGRACIJA: ILEGALNE MIGRACIJE KAO SIGURNOSNA PRIJETNJA U JUGOISTOČNOJ EVROPI
SECURITIZATON OF MIGRATIONS: ILLEGAL MIGRATIONS AS SECURITY THREAT IN SOUTH EAST EUROPE

Summary/Abstract: International migrations are not the problem that should be solved but process that should be managed. Securitization of migrations as a dominant response to the migrant crisis in the last decade became an approach undertaken by some countries in southeast Europe as a primary goal to solve problems of illegal migrations in their territories. It was considering illegal migrations as a security threat towards national security primarily, also initiating proper response of states using appropriate security measures. Copenhagen school securitization theory considers taking actions against the advanced identified threat as a legitimate response of state that may use all means to eliminate such existential threat upon a decision made by political elites. Expansion of security agenda based on principles of securitization studies over the situations that have never been considered a security issue, such as international migrations, might create new security challenges. Securitization of migrations is not adequate nor sufficient response in migration management because it disregards other dimensions of migrations, although it is a politically acceptable response. Determination of illegal migrations as a security threat depends on political interests in the first place, although the category of illegal migrations often requires a criminal legal response in many cases. In the context of Copenhagen school securitization theory, illegal migrations might be considered only as a partial security threat in exposed countries. The threat can be identified in cross-border crime, human trafficking, and smuggling, while connections with terrorism might be established only and strictly in individual cases but not as a general assumption.

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