Пловдивският хаттат (калиграф) Баккал Ахмед Ариф ефенди (1836–1909) – живот и творчество
Plovdiv Hattat (Calligraph) Bakkal Ahmed Arif Efendi (1836–1909) – Life and Creativity

Summary/Abstract: The article examines the life and work of one of the most famous Ottoman calligraphers of the 19th century – Bakkal Ahmed Arif Effendi. He was born in 1836 in Plovdiv. He studied in his hometown. After his education he entered a madrasa. He studied calligraphy with the famous Rumelia calligrapher Hafez Ismail Effendi from Plovdiv. After the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 and the liberation of Plovdiv, he settled in Istanbul. The work of Bakkal Arif Effendi can be divided into two main periods – Plovdiv and Istanbul. He left valuable calligraphic works, which are stored in public and private collections. He died on September 17, 1909 in Istanbul.

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