Српско школство у Хабзбуршкој монархији од Велике сеобе до реформи Марије Терезије (1690–1774)
SERBIAN EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM IN THE HABSBURG MONARCHY FROM THE GREAT MIGRATION TO THE REFORMS OF MARIA THERESA (1690–1774)

Summary/Abstract: Until the reforms approved by Maria Theresa in 1774 the education of all nations under her rule was in the hands of the church, especially primary and secondary education. Serbs were no exception in this respect. The schools were looked after by Karlovci metropolitans, bishops, priests and Assemblies. In the towns this was done by rich merchants and craftsmen, again under the patronage of the Orthodox Church within individual parishes. One direction of the development of Serbian schools was characterized by the attempts of Karlovci metropolitans and bishops to open secondary schools that would look like Jesuit grammar schools, whether lower with four grades or complete with six grades. Teachers from Russia were brought to work in them until the middle of the century, when domestic teaching staff were educated and ready. At the same time significant efforts were invested to provide a secure fund for high schools, which Metropolitan Pavle Nenadović succeeded in 1749 when he established the Clerical Fund. The second direction referred to the foundation of primary schools and payment of teachers, which was the duty of parishioners and churches. Since the 1730’s the Russian redaction of the Slavic language and Russian civil orthography entered schools, which contributed to the development of the Slavic Serbian linguistic standard. The number of Serbian primary schools increased during the 18th century and was at the state level, except in Croatia and Slavonia. This was the situation with which Serbs entered the reforms of Maria Theresa and, after accepting them, used all their potential and after 1774 significantly increased the number of their primary schools and since 1791 started establishing secondary schools, which have been working until today.

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