Zygmunt Miłkowski (Tomasz Teodor Jeż) a Narodowa Demokracja
Zygmunt Miłkowski (Tomasz Teodor Jeż) and National Democracy

Summary/Abstract: This article describes the mutual relations between Zygmunt Miłkowski and National Democracy . Zygmunt Miłkowski, known as Tomasz Teodor Jeż, was one of the most important Polish politicians to emigrate in the second half of the 19th century . He was a prolific writer and publicist who preferred democratic ideas and the notion of Polish in-dependence . He played an important role in the history of the national-democratic Polish political movement . He was a founder of the Polish League in 1887, an independence or-ganization in exile . The origin of National Democracy is associated with this organization . Through the Polish League, Miłkowski became acquainted with Zygmunt Balicki, Roman Dmowski, Jan Ludwik Popławski, the most prominent politcians of National Democracy . Following the dissolution of the Polish League, in 1893 the National League was found-ed . Miłkowski cooperated with a new organization and their prominent politicians . He supported this political movement with subsidies from the National Treasure Institution . At first, this cooperation was compatible, but due to differences in political approach and attitude towards Russia, after 1906 the situation got more complicated . Miłkowski did not accept the Russian orientation of the National Democrat leaders such as Roman Dmowski . In 1908 and 1910 he publicly criticized the party’s new political strategy . It was the turning point in the mutual relations between Miłkowski and National Democracy which put a definitive end to their cooperation .

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