Obligatio naturalis w prawie daninowym? Uwagi o regulacji odpowiedzialności podatnika wobec zaniżenia (nieujawnienia) podstawy opodatkowania przez płatnika
Obligatio naturalis in tax law? A few remarks on the regulation of the taxpayer’s liability in face of understating (not reporting) the tax base by the paying agent

Summary/Abstract: Background: The article refers to the consequences of introducing limitation of the taxpayer’s liability to general tax law in cases of understating or not reporting the tax base by the paying agent. Research purpose: The aim of the article is to define the structure of the taxpayer’s liability in connection with limiting their liability to the amount of advances not collected by the paying agent, as well as to define the legal nature of this limitation. The author also assesses the impact of limiting the taxpayer’s liability on the liability of the entity that maybe held liable for tax arrears as a third person, and also analyzes the relations between taxpayers and paying agents in the light of the provisions on unjust enrichment. Methods: The research in the article was carried out on the basis of dogmatic and theoretical methods.Conclusions: The limit on the taxpayer’s liability in the case of understating (not reporting) of the tax base by the paying agent does not lead to the formation of the tax liability as a natural obligation. In the structure of the taxpayer’s liability the debt stays unlimited, which means that the tax payment is fully due and effective, and does not result in a tax overpayment. It also means that the tax author¬ity cannot issue a decision about the third person’s liability within limits wider than the limit of the taxpayer’s liability. The decision issued in a broader scope would be unenforceable. The paying agent who covers a part of tax that the taxpayer is indebted for does not acquire a claim under the provisions on unjust enrichment.

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