Gospodarka w cieniu pandemii COVID-19
Gospodarka w cieniu pandemii COVID-19
Contributor(s): Sławomira Kańduła (Editor), Joanna Maria Przybylska (Editor)
Subject(s): Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Social Sciences, Economy, National Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Energy and Environmental Studies, Public Administration, Economic policy, Environmental and Energy policy, Government/Political systems, Social development, Political Ecology, Economic development, Public Finances, Fiscal Politics / Budgeting, Globalization
Published by: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Poznaniu
Keywords: pandemia Covid-19;kryzys ekonomiczny;globalizacja;państwo;finanse publiczne;finanse gmin;polityka gospodarcza;zrównoważony rozwój;mieszkania;nieruchomości;
Summary/Abstract: W marcu 2020 roku Polska zatrzymała się na chwilę. Z pewnym niedowierzaniem przyglądaliśmy się rozwojowi pandemii COVID-19. Gospodarki narodowe stanęły przed wieloma wyzwaniami. Początkowo zawiodła logistyka, brakowało środków ochrony osobistej, środków dezynfekcyjnych, respiratorów. Potem zabrakło pracy, bo zamknięto niektóre punkty usługowe. Ograniczono dostęp do placówek ochrony zdrowia, placówek kulturalnych, zakładów pracy, urzędów. Pandemia wstrząsnęła gospodarkami narodowymi na tyle mocno, że można mówić o wpadnięciu tych gospodarek w kryzys pandemiczny, zwany też kryzysem COVID-19 i kryzysem 2020+. Aktualność problematyki skłoniła autorów do przygotowania opracowań, poprzez które włączają się w nurt dyskusji nad funkcjonowaniem gospodarki w cieniu pandemii. Publikacja jest adresowana do wszystkich osób zajmujących się problematyką funkcjonowania gospodarki w warunkach pandemii COVID-19, zwłaszcza do pracowników naukowych oraz tych odbiorców, którzy interesują się wpływem pandemii na życie społeczno-gospodarcze w Polsce.
- E-ISBN-13: 978-83-8211-104-0
- Print-ISBN-13: 978-83-8211-103-3
- Page Count: 197
- Publication Year: 2022
- Language: Polish
Czy pandemia COVID-19 zmieni spojrzenie na rolę państwa w gospodarce w warunkach kryzysu?
Czy pandemia COVID-19 zmieni spojrzenie na rolę państwa w gospodarce w warunkach kryzysu?
(Will the COVID -19 pandemic change the outlook on the role of the state in the economy under crisis conditions?)
- Author(s):Oskar Urban
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Politics, Economy, National Economy, Economic policy, Government/Political systems, Public Finances
- Page Range:9-29
- No. of Pages:21
- Keywords:doktryny gospodarcze;kryzys ekonomiczny;rola państwa w gospodarce;pandemia Covid-19;
- Summary/Abstract:Purpose: To answer the question of whether the COVID-19 pandemic will change the perspective on the role of the state in the economy under crisis conditions. Design/methodology/approach: A critical review of the literature on the role of the state in the economy, including its response to economic crises caused by various factors, was conducted. The achievements of various schools of economic thought were taken into account. The economic crises that occurred in the 20th century have been singled out. The most important actions taken by various states in the face of these crises are also presented. Findings: Views of the role of the state in the economy have been changing. The role of the state in the economy was viewed differently before the Great Depression of the 1930s and differently during it. There were clear disagreements about how the UK government responded to the crisis of the 1970s. Greater consensus on state interference in the economy was observed in response to the financial crisis that began in 2007. Countries with different political and economic systems reacted in a similar way to the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Originality and value: The view of the role of the state in the economy is different depending on the values of the ruling party in a given country. The view also differs depending on the political system of the country and the prevailing (most popular) economic doctrine at a given time. Nevertheless, under conditions of economic crisis, the economic policy of states is characterized by increased intervention, regardless of the economic system in force in a given country. The reactions of governments to the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic confirmed this observation.
Kryzysy i pandemie. Przegląd dotychczasowych współzależności
Kryzysy i pandemie. Przegląd dotychczasowych współzależności
(Crises and pandemics. A review of past interdependencies)
- Author(s):Wiktoria Bęben
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Economy, Supranational / Global Economy
- Page Range:30-49
- No. of Pages:20
- Keywords:epidemia;pandemia Covid-19;kryzys ekonomiczny;
- Summary/Abstract:Purpose: The purpose of the study is to review the interdependencies between past economic crises and epidemics and pandemics. Design/methodology/approach: A critical review of the literature on past economic crises and previous epidemics and pandemics faced by humanity was conducted. The development of the COVID-19 pandemic and the first actions taken by various countries to counter the spread of coronavirus were characterized. Findings: The COVID-19 pandemic is not the first global threat to human health and life worldwide. The SARS-CoV-2 virus has gradually spread to different parts of the world due to—at least initially—the high mobility of people. National governments have generally made similar decisions to limit the spread of the virus and mitigate the negative consequences of the pandemic. Originality and value: The chapter reminds us that people’s memory is short. The world has already faced diseases that threaten people in many parts of the world many times. Compared to previous pandemics, the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has been so far small, and human mortality has been much lower than in the case of SARS and MERS viruses, although the territorial scope of the current pandemic is much wider than that of earlier ones.
Przeciwdziałanie negatywnym skutkom gospodarczym pandemii koronawirusa. Analiza porównawcza działań wybranych państw
Przeciwdziałanie negatywnym skutkom gospodarczym pandemii koronawirusa. Analiza porównawcza działań wybranych państw
(Addressing the negative economic impacts of a coronavirus pandemic. A comparative analysis of the actions of selected countries)
- Author(s):Małgorzata Czajkowska
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Economy, National Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Business Economy / Management, Public Finances
- Page Range:50-74
- No. of Pages:25
- Keywords:pandemia Covid-19;kryzys gospodarczy;polityka antykryzysowa;pakiety pomocowe;
- Summary/Abstract:Purpose: The purpose of the chapter is to assess the extent of actions taken by selected countries to reduce the negative economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the scale of resources used for these actions. Design/methodology/approach: Models of market economy are presented andanti-crisis measures taken by Poland, Germany, USA, China and Sweden are described. The amount of money spent on these measures is also presented. Findings: Germany was the country with the largest budget expenditure to counteract the negative economic effects of the pandemic. Contrary to assumptions, Poland was not the country with the lowest budget expenditure. Germany and Sweden introduced the largest number of instruments supporting entrepreneurs.Germany’s aid package offered more support on taxes, while Sweden’s package offered more support on employment. The United States offered the narrowest aid package, which is related to the economic model adopted in this way. Originality and value: The chapter contains an analysis of anti-crisis measures (aid packages) undertaken by Poland, Germany, the United States, China and Sweden and information on the scale of financial involvement of these countries in helping entrepreneurs. There are no studies in the literature that directly compare the forms of aid used and their volume between the countries. The chapter provides data to assess countries’ involvement in combating the economic impact of the pandemic depending on their economic model. The collected data also has theoretical implications.
Odpowiedź polskich gmin na pierwszą falę kryzysu COVID-19
Odpowiedź polskich gmin na pierwszą falę kryzysu COVID-19
(Polish municipalities’ response to the first wave of the COVID -19 crisis)
- Author(s):Sławomira Kańduła, Joanna Maria Przybylska
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Politics, Economy, National Economy, Business Economy / Management, Public Administration, Economic policy, Economic development, Public Finances
- Page Range:75-98
- No. of Pages:24
- Keywords:polityka antykryzysowa;gminy w Polsce;pandemia Covid-19;
- Summary/Abstract:Purpose: The purpose of this chapter is to identify the initial responses of municipalities to the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Design/methodology/approach: The research questions posed were: What types of budgetary instruments were used by municipalities during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland? What was the scale of the loss of their current revenues and what was the amount of expenditures related to countering COVID-19? What were the sources of funding for these expenditures? Findings: Municipalities were, by necessity, on the front line of the fight against the effects of the pandemic. They used the available budgetary instruments (local taxes and fees, property revenues, budgetary expenditures) to limit the spread of the virus and reduce its negative consequences. These actions were not coordinated. The study revealed that revenue losses and expenditure increases due to COVID-19 were not as large as expected. Originality and value: The research in this chapter demonstrates that municipalities in Poland used different approaches to develop and implement policies to counteract the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic and mitigate its effects. The research shows that Polish municipalities played a leading role in the rapid response to the pandemic, although their actions varied and were uncoordinated.
Kształtowanie się deficytu budżetowego i długu publicznego Polski podczas pandemii COVID-19
Kształtowanie się deficytu budżetowego i długu publicznego Polski podczas pandemii COVID-19
(Evolution of Poland’s budget deficit and public debt during the COVID -19 pandemic)
- Author(s):Aleksandra Jarosz
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Politics, Economy, National Economy, Business Economy / Management, Sociology, Economic policy, Economic development, Public Finances, Fiscal Politics / Budgeting
- Page Range:99-111
- No. of Pages:13
- Keywords:deficyt budżetowy;dług publiczny;Polska;pandemia Covid-19;
- Summary/Abstract:Purpose: The purpose of the chapter is to examine the evolution of the budget deficit and the sovereign public debt in Poland during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design/methodology/approach: The research question presented is: What is the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the amount of state budget deficit and state public debt in Poland? The method of critical analysis of the literature on the subject was applied. Statistical data obtained from the Central Statistical Office and the Ministry of Finance were also presented. Findings: In 2020, the state budget deficit reached an unprecedented amount of 85 billion zloty, which is directly linked to the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, as the draft budget assumed no state budget deficit. Consequently, in 2020–2021 (Q1) there was a dynamic increase in public debt. Originality and value: The state budget result and the size of the public finance sector debt were lower than they should have been, because the vast majority of anti-crisis measures were financed from off-budget sources. Increased public spending increased the deficit and debt, but calculated using the Brussels method. The collected secondary data leads to the conclusion that the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic is also a decrease in the transparency of public finance in Poland.
Sytuacja mieszkaniowa Polaków i działania organów publicznych w celu jej poprawy
Sytuacja mieszkaniowa Polaków i działania organów publicznych w celu jej poprawy
(Housing situation of Poles and activities of public authorities to improve it)
- Author(s):Mikołaj Drożdżyński
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Management and complex organizations, Public Finances, Socio-Economic Research
- Page Range:112-129
- No. of Pages:18
- Keywords:rynek mieszkaniowy;nieruchomości;samorządy terytorialne;mieszkania społeczne;gminy w Polsce;
- Summary/Abstract:Purpose: The purpose of this study is to assess the housing situation of Poles and to present activities of public entities, especially communes, undertaken to improve it. Design/methodology/approach: Secondary data was presented showing the number and ownership structure of dwellings and the demand for dwellings in Poland. The data comes from the Central Statistical Office and the Ministry of Development. The previous activity of municipalities in developing the local housing marketis also discussed and the concept of social housing initiatives is characterized. Findings: Despite the record number of housing units completed in recent years, there is still a shortage of housing units, which negatively affects the socio-economic development of the state. The main barrier to access to housing is its priceand the high growth rate of 1 m2 of space. Municipalities could more actively answer the housing needs of citizens by creating social housing initiatives, i.e. not for profit companies building rental housing with moderate rent. riginality and value: State housing policy has been questioned. The provision of own contribution by the state for certain social groups may lead to an increase in real estate prices, because with their limited supply the demand for these apartments and the price of 1 m2 of space rises. It is postulated to increase the activity of municipalities in the housing market. This may consist in creating social housing initiatives, i.e. not for profit companies building apartments for rent with moderate rent (lower even by 50% in relation to the market rent).
Historyczne uwarunkowania różnic w rozwoju polskich regionów i wybrane problemy finansowania publicznego jako bariery realizacji celów zrównoważonego rozwoju
Historyczne uwarunkowania różnic w rozwoju polskich regionów i wybrane problemy finansowania publicznego jako bariery realizacji celów zrównoważonego rozwoju
(Historical determinants of differences in development of Polish regions and selected problems of public financing as a barrier to realization of sustainable development goals)
- Author(s):Oliwia Jędrzejewska, Julia Ziółkowska
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Economy, Geography, Regional studies, Business Economy / Management, Energy and Environmental Studies, Regional Geography, Economic history, Economic policy, Environmental and Energy policy, Economic development, Environmental interactions, Public Finances, Fiscal Politics / Budgeting, Business Ethics, Socio-Economic Research
- Page Range:130-149
- No. of Pages:20
- Keywords:regiony Polski;rozwój regionalny;zrównoważony rozwój;
- Summary/Abstract:Purpose: The aim of this study is to indicate the role of the state in the pursuit of sustainable development of Poland. Design/methodology/approach: The authors assume that historical factors underlie the differentiated development of Polish regions. A critical review of the literature on historical determinants of development of Polish regions was conducted. International legal conditions calling on Poland to take action to reduce adverse climate change are presented. The amount of state budget expenditure on tasks related to sustainable development of the country is discussed. Secondary data from the reports of the Council of Ministers were used. Findings: Differences in the level of the development of Polish regions are historically determined. Compared to other countries, the degree of Poland’s achievement of sustainable development goals is satisfactory, as it ranks 23rd in the world ranking (out of 193 possible places). Budget expenditures on tasks contributing to the achievement of sustainable development goals are relatively small. Originality and value: It is pointed out that in the past, the amount of spending on state development financing has varied. Historical conditions continue to affect the uneven development of individual regions. The authors suggest that the unsatisfactory level of the development of some regions is due not so much to the lack of access to funding sources, but to the mentality of people living in these areas.
Neutralność klimatyczna a interes Polski
Neutralność klimatyczna a interes Polski
(Climate neutrality and the Polish interest)
- Author(s):Dominika Szajda
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Politics, Economy, National Economy, Business Economy / Management, Energy and Environmental Studies, Sociology, Economic policy, Environmental and Energy policy, Economic development, Environmental interactions, EU-Accession / EU-DEvelopment, Public Finances, Business Ethics, Socio-Economic Research
- Page Range:150-168
- No. of Pages:19
- Keywords:neutralność klimatyczna;Polska;umowa społeczna;transformacja gospodarcza;
- Summary/Abstract:Purpose: The author aims to determine the estimated cost of adaptation of the Polish economy to a zero-emission energy system, taking into account the social aspect. Design/methodology/approach: The chapter shows that one of the causes of adverse climate change and increased air pollution in Poland is the increased burning of fossil fuels. It presents actions taken by international organizations to achieve climate neutrality. Against this background, Poland’s attitude towards the problem of ensuring climate neutrality of the economy is presented. The author looks at the problem of climate neutrality through the prism of the so-called social contract for the mining industry. This agreement takes into account the economic losses that the inhabitants of the Silesian Voivodeship will suffer in connection with this adaptation. The author assesses the legal feasibility of the miners’ demands. Findings: Poland should achieve climate neutrality by the early 2030s at the latest. Therefore, the hard coal mines should be already closed now rather than their extraction for each ton of raw material subsidized. In order to achieve climate neutrality it will be necessary to incur very large financial outlays, including for the safe closure of the mines and cash severance packages for the miners. The provisions of the social agreement for the mining industry are contrary to EU law and the climate goals set out in the so-called Paris Agreement. Originality and value: It was pointed out that Polish politicians have an ambivalent attitude towards the energy transition. They do not want to give up a strategic resource for Poland. Thus, they ignore the risks associated with the continued use of coal on a massive scale.
Zakończenie
Zakończenie
(Conclusions)
- Author(s):Sławomira Kańduła, Joanna Maria Przybylska
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Economy, Geography, Regional studies
- Page Range:169-173
- No. of Pages:5