Онтология на ситуациите за състояние – лингвистично моделиране. Съпоставително изследване за български и руски

Онтология на ситуациите за състояние – лингвистично моделиране. Съпоставително изследване за български и руски. Предговор

Онтология на ситуациите за състояние – лингвистично моделиране. Съпоставително изследване за български и руски. Предговор
(Ontology of stative situation – linguistic modeling. A contrastive Bulgarian-Russian study)

Author(s):Svetla Koeva, Elena Yu. Ivanova
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics, Applied Linguistics, Morphology, Syntax, Lexis, Semantics, Comparative Linguistics, Cognitive linguistics, Descriptive linguistics, Eastern Slavic Languages, South Slavic Languages, Translation Studies, Phraseology
Page Range:9-28
No. of Pages:20
Keywords:stative predicates; stative predicative words; ontology of states; syntax-semantic interface; contrastive studies of Bulgarian and Russian
Summary/Abstract:The preface to the book Ontology of stative situation – linguistic modeling. A contrastive Bulgarian-Russian study presents the main goals of a Bulgarian-Russian scientific project aiming at fundamental theoretical descriptions and its results: a theoretical account of the properties of stative predicates and predicative words on the basis of which an ontological representation of stative situations is proposed; a profound analysis of the semantic and syntactic structure of different types of stative predicates and predicative words in Bulgarian and Russian; contrastive studies manifesting similarities and differences in the semantic and syntactic representation of states in Bulgarian and Russian.

Предикаты состояния и семантические типы предикатов

Предикаты состояния и семантические типы предикатов
(States, events and predicate types)

Author(s):Anton Zimmerling
Language:Russian
Subject(s):Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Applied Linguistics, Morphology, Syntax, Semantics, Comparative Linguistics, Cognitive linguistics, Descriptive linguistics, Eastern Slavic Languages, Phraseology
Page Range:31-52
No. of Pages:22
Keywords:predicate ontologies; states of affairs; eventualities; events; spatiotemporality; atemporality; Davidsonian states; properties; facts
Summary/Abstract:I discuss the foundations of predicate ontologies as grounded in two model notions – elementary states of affairs and events or eventualities, i.e. ordered pairs of initial and end states of affairs. Vendlerian classifications are oriented towards elementary states and tense logic, while Davidsonian classifications deal with eventualities and event logic. Most existing approaches implement two taxonomic criteria: 1) a distinction between spatiotemporal and non-spatiotemporal (atemporal) predicates; 2) a distinction between dynamic and static predicates. There are two kinds of atemporal meanings – predication of facts and predication of properties. Facts are propositional arguments of second-order predicates which add a special meaning that the embedded proposition has been verified. Properties are atemporal first-order predicates that lack an eventive interpretation and are not associated with factive frames. Davidsonian states are homogeneous durable spatiotemporal entities distinct both from atemporal properties and spatiotemporal dynamic predicates. The homogeneity criterion differentiates Davidsonian states from telic dynamic predicates denoting a transition from phase p to phase ~ p. The durability criterion distinguishes Davidsonian states from accomplishments (i.e. resultatives) that are anchored to a single time point. Davidsonian states are conceptualized in natural language metaphysics as causally independent entities,while resultatives are causally determined as they reconstruct a preceding event that has caused the end state p. The demarcation line between Davidsonian states and homogeneous atelic processes depends on the chosen criteria for identification of active and inactive (inert)processes. It is usually assumed that Davidsonian states do not combine with active subjects.The subcategorization of Davidsonian states must be based on their quantification properties.I discuss the contrast between external and internal Davidsonian states. The former lack a priority argument and may be quantified extensionally based on their locus parameters, e.g.time and space. The latter have a priority experiential argument and can only be quantified intensionally. External states can be observed, while internal states cannot be observed and visualized. The stage-level-predicate (SLP) vs. individual-level predicate (ILP) distinction introduced by Carlson is equivalent to the one between Davidsonian states and properties in holistic predicate ontologies, but Carlson’s approach patterns with partial ontologies, i.e.the manifestation of categorial predicate types in diagnostic syntactic contexts. A similar approach has been developed by Shcherba, who claimed that <Davidsonian> states opposed to properties tend to form a word class consisting of non-agreeing non-verbal expressions in Modern RussianI discuss the foundations of predicate ontologies as grounded in two model notions – elementary states of affairs and events or eventualities, i.e. ordered pairs of initial and end states of affairs. Vendlerian classifications are oriented towards elementary states and tense logic, while Davidsonian classifications deal with eventualities and event logic. Most existing approaches implement two taxonomic criteria: 1) a distinction between spatiotemporal and non-spatiotemporal (atemporal) predicates; 2) a distinction between dynamic and static Предикаты состояния... 52 predicates. There are two kinds of atemporal meanings – predication of facts and predication of properties. Facts are propositional arguments of second-order predicates which add a special meaning that the embedded proposition has been verified. Properties are atemporal first-order predicates that lack an eventive interpretation and are not associated with factive frames. Davidsonian states are homogeneous durable spatiotemporal entities distinct both from atemporal properties and spatiotemporal dynamic predicates. The homogeneity criterion differentiates Davidsonian states from telic dynamic predicates denoting a transition from phase p to phase ~ p. The durability criterion distinguishes Davidsonian states from accomplishments (i.e. resultatives) that are anchored to a single time point. Davidsonian states are conceptualized in natural language metaphysics as causally independent entities, while resultatives are causally determined as they reconstruct a preceding event that has caused the end state p. The demarcation line between Davidsonian states and homogeneous atelic processes depends on the chosen criteria for identification of active and inactive (inert) processes. It is usually assumed that Davidsonian states do not combine with active subjects. The subcategorization of Davidsonian states must be based on their quantification properties. I discuss the contrast between external and internal Davidsonian states. The former lack a priority argument and may be quantified extensionally based on their locus parameters, e.g. time and space. The latter have a priority experiential argument and can only be quantified intensionally. External states can be observed, while internal states cannot be observed and visualized. The stage-level-predicate (SLP) vs. individual-level predicate (ILP) distinction introduced by Carlson is equivalent to the one between Davidsonian states and properties in holistic predicate ontologies, but Carlson’s approach patterns with partial ontologies, i.e. the manifestation of categorial predicate types in diagnostic syntactic contexts. A similar approach has been developed by Shcherba, who claimed that

Семантические классы предикатов состояния (на материале русского языка)

Семантические классы предикатов состояния (на материале русского языка)
(Semantic classes of state predicates (based on evidence from Russian))

Author(s):Galina Ivanovna Kustova
Language:Russian
Subject(s):Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Applied Linguistics, Morphology, Syntax, Lexis, Semantics, Cognitive linguistics, Descriptive linguistics, Eastern Slavic Languages
Page Range:53-67
No. of Pages:15
Keywords:state predicates; semantic hierarchy of predicates; experiential states; experiencer; stimulus; predicatives
Summary/Abstract:This chapter deals with the analysis of states from the perspective of the typology of predicate vocabulary. States (along with qualities) occupy the lowest rank in the semantic hierarchy of predicates; prototypical states, e.g. ( В комнате темно (The room is dark), Детям холодно(The children are cold) are one-place predicates: their only argument (semantic actant) is the subject (inanimate or animate) undergoing he state. However, many experiential state predicates have two arguments, an experiencer and a stimulus.The chapter is focused mainly on experiential states, i.e. human states, which are the result of a person’s ability to react to the impact of the outside world and to construct in formational images of non-linguistic situations. A hierarchy of experiential states and the semantic relations among them are presented as well.This chapter deals with the analysis of states from the perspective of the typology of predicate vocabulary. States (along with qualities) occupy the lowest rank in the semantic hierarchy of predicates; prototypical states, e.g. ( В комнате темно (The room is dark), Детям холодно (The children are cold) are one-place predicates: their only argument (semantic actant) is the subject (inanimate or animate) undergoing he state. However, many experiential state predicates have two arguments, an experiencer and a stimulus. The chapter is focused mainly on experiential states, i.e. human states, which are the result of a person’s ability to react to the impact of the otuside world and to construct informational images of non-linguistic situations. A hierarchy of experiential states and the semantic relations among them are presented as well.

Stative verbs: conceptual structure, hierarchy, systemic relations

Stative verbs: conceptual structure, hierarchy, systemic relations
(Stative verbs: conceptual structure, hierarchy, systemic relations)

Author(s):Svetlozara Leseva, Ivelina Stoyanova
Language:English
Subject(s):Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics, Applied Linguistics, Morphology, Syntax, Lexis, Semantics, Psycholinguistics, Cognitive linguistics, Computational linguistics, Descriptive linguistics, Phraseology
Page Range:68-114
No. of Pages:47
Keywords:conceptual description; conceptual hierarchies; FrameNet; WordNet
Summary/Abstract:The study is focused on the semantic and conceptual description of stative verbs.We analyze stative verbs represented in WordNet and the corresponding frames in FrameNet after the alignment between the two resources. After presenting a classification of stative verbs into thematic classes, we outline the components of the conceptual description based on FrameNet frames, the relations between them and the frame elements that describe the frames. We attempt at building a hierarchical structure of frames for each thematic class and a shallow hierarchy of frame elements with a view to their representation and specialization from a more general (parent) frame to more specific (child) frames related to the general one by means of relations such as inheritance, weak inheritance or perspectivization.The study is focused on the semantic and conceptual description of stative verbs. We analyze stative verbs represented in WordNet and the corresponding frames in FrameNet after the alignment between the two resources. After presenting a classification of stative verbs into thematic classes, we outline the components of the conceptual description based on FrameNet frames, the relations between them and the frame elements that describe the frames. We attempt at building a hierarchical structure of frames for each thematic class and a shallow hierarchy of frame elements with a view to their representation and specialization from a more general (parent) frame to more specific (child) frames related to the general one by means of relations such as inheritance, weak inheritance or perspectivization.

The system of diatheses in Bulgarian and stative predicates

The system of diatheses in Bulgarian and stative predicates
(The system of diatheses in Bulgarian and stative predicates)

Author(s):Svetla Koeva
Language:English
Subject(s):Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics, Applied Linguistics, Syntax, Semantics, Psycholinguistics, Cognitive linguistics, Descriptive linguistics, South Slavic Languages
Page Range:117-160
No. of Pages:44
Keywords:diathesis; stative predicates; passives; middles; anticausatives; reciprocals; optatives
Summary/Abstract:The investigation is intended to provide a clear distinction between the category of grammatical voice in Bulgarian (grammatical diatheses) and lexical diatheses by analyzing grammatical facts and by applying semantic criteria. The category of (grammatical) voice is used to describe a wide range of phenomena. Only the lexical diatheses are presented in more detail: se passives, impersonal passives, middles, anticausatives, lexical reciprocals, optatives, impersonal optatives, property of “oblique” subject. The semantic and grammatical characteristics (arguments and semantic roles, verb aspect, transitivity, and morphological categories of the verb lemma) of the source and derivative diatheses are studied, compared, and described. A large number of the source diatheses affect imperfective verbs that may express activities or states; in such cases, the alternations may lead to one of the following configurations: activity – activity; activity – state; state – state. We trace the correlation between the diathesis type and the eventuality type in the context of the ontological description of the state predicates proposed in this study. The investigation is intended to provide a clear distinction between the category of grammatical voice in Bulgarian (grammatical diatheses) and lexical diatheses by analyzing grammatical facts and by applying semantic criteria. The category of (grammatical) voice is used to describe a wide range of phenomena. Only the lexical diatheses are presented in more detail: se passives, impersonal passives, middles, anticausatives, lexical reciprocals, optatives, impersonal optatives, property of “oblique” subject. The semantic and grammatical characteristics (arguments and semantic roles, verb aspect, transitivity, and morphological categories of the verb lemma) of the source and derivative diatheses are studied, compared, and described. A large number of the source diatheses affect imperfective verbs that may express activities or states; in such cases, the alternations may lead to one of the following configurations: activity – activity; activity – state; state – state. We trace the correlation between the diathesis type and the eventuality type in the context of the ontological description of the state predicates proposed in this study.

Диатезы русских глаголов эмоций

Диатезы русских глаголов эмоций
(Diatheses of Russian verbs of emotion)

Author(s):Maria A. Ovsyannikova
Language:Russian
Subject(s):Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics, Applied Linguistics, Syntax, Lexis, Semantics, Psycholinguistics, Cognitive linguistics, Descriptive linguistics, Eastern Slavic Languages
Page Range:161-179
No. of Pages:19
Keywords:verbs of emotion; diatheses; alternations; semantic shift
Summary/Abstract:The paper deals with the diatheses, diathetic alternations and constructions characteristic of verbs of emotion in Russian. The focus of the study is on the limits of diathetic alternations and the groups of uses that fall beyond their scope, i.e. ones that cannot be transfromed into an alternative diathesis. In particular, I discuss the diversity of constructions with transitive verbs of emotion and an instrumental object, as well as the use of reflexive verbs of emotion to introduce direct speech. I also analyze the distribution of the uses of several basic verbs of emotion in texts in terms of the diathetic types and point out a number of verb-specific constructions.The paper deals with the diatheses, diathetic alternations and constructions characteristic of verbs of emotion in Russian. The focus of the study is on the limits of diathetic alternations and the groups of uses that fall beyond their scope, i.e. ones that cannot be transfromed into an alternative diathesis. In particular, I discuss the diversity of constructions with transitive verbs of emotion and an instrumental object, as well as the use of reflexive verbs of emotion to introduce direct speech. I also analyze the distribution of the uses of several basic verbs of emotion in texts in terms of the diathetic types and point out a number of verb-specific constructions.

Syntactic realization of stative predicates in Bulgarian (towards a lexical meaning ontology)

Syntactic realization of stative predicates in Bulgarian (towards a lexical meaning ontology)
(Syntactic realization of stative predicates in Bulgarian (towards a lexical meaning ontology))

Author(s):Yovka Tisheva, Marina Dzhonova
Language:English
Subject(s):Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Applied Linguistics, Morphology, Syntax, Lexis, Semantics, Cognitive linguistics, Descriptive linguistics, South Slavic Languages
Page Range:180-209
No. of Pages:30
Keywords:stative predicates; Role and Reference Grammar; argument structure; experiencer; Bulgarian language
Summary/Abstract:This study deals with the syntactic features of predicates describing stative eventualities. We present an overview of the possibilities for syntactic realization of verbal arguments within a framework of a semantic (thematic) classification of Bulgarian verbs based on their primary lexical meanings. Following the main principles of Role and Reference Grammar (RRG), we test the hypothesis that predicates belonging to a given thematic group have similar syntactic behavior. The analysis is focused on one-, two- and three-place predicates. Verbs such as седя (sit), лежа (lie), стоя (stand), спя (sleep), блестя (shine), мириша (smell) have one-argument structure. Their single argument occupies the subject position. Two-place predicates are represented by verbs from two subgroups: predicates with a subject and a direct object, e.g. обичам (love), харесвам (like), виждам (see), чувам (hear), чувствам (feel), усещам (sense), желая (wish), искам (want), мразя (hate), помня (remember), and predicates with a subject and an indirect object, e.g. вярвам (believe), надявам се (hope), нуждая се (need), тревожа се (worry), жадувам (crave), радвам се (be happy), вълнувам се (be excited), притеснявам се (worry), гордея се (be proud), срамувам се (be ashamed), плаша се (be afraid), страхувам се (fear). Besides these two groups of predicates, we also consider the possibility for some of the verbs to have three-argument realization. With знам (know)-type verbs, the direct object must be expressed and the indirect object may remain syntactically implicit, while with мисля (think)-type verbs the indirect object has to be represented overtly, but the direct object does not. The alternation of prepositions is also discussed in the text.This study deals with the syntactic features of predicates describing stative eventualities. We present an overview of the possibilities for syntactic realization of verbal arguments within a framework of a semantic (thematic) classification of Bulgarian verbs based on their primary lexical meanings. Following the main principles of Role and Reference Grammar (RRG), we test the hypothesis that predicates belonging to a given thematic group have similar syntactic behavior. The analysis is focused on one-, two- and three-place predicates. Verbs such as седя (sit), лежа (lie), стоя (stand), спя (sleep), блестя (shine), мириша (smell) have one-argument structure. Their single argument occupies the subject position. Two-place predicates are represented by verbs from two subgroups: predicates with a subject and a direct object, e.g. обичам (love), харесвам (like), виждам (see), чувам (hear), чувствам (feel), усещам (sense), желая (wish), искам (want), мразя (hate), помня (remember), and predicates with a subject and an indirect object, e.g. вярвам (believe), надявам се (hope), нуждая се (need), тревожа се (worry), жадувам (crave), радвам се (be happy), вълнувам се (be excited), притеснявам се (worry), гордея се (be proud), срамувам се (be ashamed), плаша се (be afraid), страхувам се (fear). Besides these two groups of predicates, we also consider the possibility for some of the verbs to have three-argument realization. With знам (know)-type verbs, the direct object must be expressed and the indirect object may remain syntactically implicit, while with мисля (think)-type verbs the indirect object has to be represented overtly, but the direct object does not. The alternation of prepositions is also discussed in the text.

Аргументная структура ментальных предикатов в русском языке: взаимодействие семантических, синтаксических и коммуникативных факторов

Аргументная структура ментальных предикатов в русском языке: взаимодействие семантических, синтаксических и коммуникативных факторов
(Argument structure of mental predicates in Russian: interaction of semantic, syntactic and discourse factors)

Author(s):Alexander Letuchiy
Language:Russian
Subject(s):Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics, Applied Linguistics, Morphology, Syntax, Lexis, Semantics, Cognitive linguistics, Descriptive linguistics, Eastern Slavic Languages
Page Range:210-246
No. of Pages:37
Keywords:mental predicates; factivity; coordination; pronominalization; experiencer; unmarked complement clauses
Summary/Abstract:The article aims at the description and analysis of the argument structure of Russian mental predicates. The study focuses primarily on the syntactic properties of arguments and the interaction between their syntactic, semantic, and discourse properties. It turns out that the opposition of factive knowledge predicates vs. non-factive opinion predicates map onto their discourse characteristics (arguments of opinion verbs are normally less topical than arguments of knowledge verbs) and their syntactic features (arguments of knowledge verbs become antecedents of pronouns and conjuncts of coordinate constructions more easily). These observations lead us to conclude that factive predicates are closer to the bivalent verb prototype than non-factive ones.

Семантические типы инфинитивных конструкций русских предикативов

Семантические типы инфинитивных конструкций русских предикативов
(Semantic types of infinitive constructions of Russian predicatives)

Author(s):Galina Ivanovna Kustova
Language:Russian
Subject(s):Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Applied Linguistics, Morphology, Syntax, Lexis, Semantics, Cognitive linguistics, Descriptive linguistics, Eastern Slavic Languages
Page Range:247-280
No. of Pages:34
Keywords:state predicates; predicatives; infinitive constructions; experiential states; experiencer; stimulus; emotion; interpretation
Summary/Abstract:In addition to the valency of the experiencer, e.g. (Мне холодно / страшно / стыдно (I’m cold / I’m afraid / I’m ashamed), in Russian a predicative may have a propositional valency P (stimulus-content). The propositional valency is expressed by a dependent clause, as in Приятно, что они до сих пор меня помнят (It’s nice that they still remember me) or a dependent infinitive (, e.g. Приятно засыпать под шум дождя (It’s nice to fall asleep to the sound of rain). The possibility for combining a predicative with an infinitive depends on the semantics of the predicative. Modal predicatives can subordinate the infinitive, e.g. Необходимо закончить работу в пятницу (It is necessary to finish the work on Friday), while perceptual predicatives do not: *Мне видно читать (I can see to read). Predicatives with physiological state semantics subordinate the infinitive, which represents the situation V (the channel for the stimulus’s influence), cf. Было сладко есть 280 ягоды (It was sweet to eat berries) or the situation R (the situation describing the stimulus affecting the implementation of R), cf. Темно читать (It is dark to read). Predicatives describing emotional states can subordinate the infinitive. This construction has three subtypes: (1) the infinitive P corresponds to the valency P of the predicative (stimulus-content): Грустно покидать родной дом (It’s sad to leave home); (2) the infinitive T (transfer) represents an intermediate situation between the experiencer and the stimulus: Страшно открывать дверь (I’m afraid to open the door); (3) the infinitive V is the link between the predicative and its valency P (the channel for the stimulus’s influence; V≠ P): Грустно думать, что мы больше никогда не увидимся ≈ Грустно, что мы больше никогда не увидимся (It’s sad to think that we will never see each other again ≈ It’s sad that we will never see each other again). Predicatives with the semantics of interpretation subordinate the infinitive P (with the semantic restriction that P must be an action (a controlled situation) for which a person is responsible): Неприлично подслушивать чужие разговоры (It’s indecent to eavesdrop on other people’s conversations) (the interpretative semantics is often represented by an adjective, cf. неэтичный (unethical), неприличный (indecent), неуместный (inappropriate), and by same-root adverbs; as same-root verbs do not exist, the corresponding predicatives are used). During the second half of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century, the number of interpretative predicatives found in this construction has been on the increase.

Дативно-инфинитивные структуры и синтаксические идиомы в русском языке

Дативно-инфинитивные структуры и синтаксические идиомы в русском языке
(Dative-infinitive structures and syntactic idioms in Russian)

Author(s):Anton Zimmerling
Language:Russian
Subject(s):Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Applied Linguistics, Syntax, Lexis, Semantics, Cognitive linguistics, Descriptive linguistics, Eastern Slavic Languages, Phraseology
Page Range:281-300
No. of Pages:20
Keywords:dative-infinitive structures; syntactic idioms; neg-words; wh-words; infinitives; alethic modality; existential quantifications; biclausality; raising
Summary/Abstract:I discuss two sentence patterns expressing modal meanings in Modern Russian. Dative infinitive structures (DIS) have the taxonomic meaning of alethic (external) modality in sentences in the indicative mood. Root DIS clauses are productive, while embedded DIS clauses represent a relic type inherited from Old Russian: it only survives in sentences with identical clausal subjects. Syntactic idioms like негде спать, некого винить project an idiosyncratic finite sentence pattern with a negative existential head. The latter consists of a stressed negation не merged with an incorporated wh-word. Such elements, called neg-words, combine features of morphological units resembling dative predicatives with characteristics of reordered sentences derived by the raising of wh-words from embedded infinitival clauses to the matrix clause. Most sentences with predicative neg-words reconstruct affirmative counterparts, which are overtly bi-clausal. Russian sentences with predicative neg-words express the taxonomic meaning of existential quantification combined with the meaning of alethic impossibility. The modal subject does not impose restrictions on animacy in either sentence pattern. Both DIS sentences and syntactic idioms with neg-words are reordered bi-clausal structures, but the reordering vector is different: DIS sentences have a degraded upper clause, while the idioms with neg-words have a degraded embedded infinitival clause.

Дативно-предикативные структуры и семантико-синтаксический интерфейс в русском и болгарском языках

Дативно-предикативные структуры и семантико-синтаксический интерфейс в русском и болгарском языках
(Dative-predicative structures and the syntax-semantics interface in Russian and Bulgarian)

Author(s):Maxim Stamenov, Anton Zimmerling
Language:Bulgarian, Russian
Subject(s):Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Applied Linguistics, Morphology, Syntax, Lexis, Semantics, Comparative Linguistics, Psycholinguistics, Cognitive linguistics, Descriptive linguistics, Eastern Slavic Languages, South Slavic Languages, Phraseology
Page Range:303-357
No. of Pages:55
Keywords:agreement; dative-predicative structures; dative-infinitive structures; Davidsonian states; experiencer; syntactic control; semantic control; grammatical category of person; pronominal clitics
Summary/Abstract:In this chapter we study the place of dative-predicative structures (DPS) in Russian and Bulgarian and their interaction with the syntax-semantics interface. We pay attention to the main distinctive features of predicatives from a formal and a semantic perspective, as well as to the properties and specifics of the interface between the form and content of this type of structures in terms of their capacity for expressing core morphological, syntactic and semantic relations.

Предикативни конструкции за състояние: корпусно изследване върху български и руски

Предикативни конструкции за състояние: корпусно изследване върху български и руски
(Predicative constructions and State Semantics: a corpus study on Bulgarian and Russian)

Author(s):Tsvetana Dimitrova, Valentina Stefanova, Maria Todorova
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Applied Linguistics, Morphology, Syntax, Lexis, Semantics, Comparative Linguistics, Descriptive linguistics, Eastern Slavic Languages, South Slavic Languages, Translation Studies, Phraseology
Page Range:358-384
No. of Pages:27
Keywords:predicatives; State Semantics; Russian language; Bulgarian language; corpora
Summary/Abstract:In this study we examine predicative constructions expressing State Semantics in Bulgarian and Russian. The observations, analyses and generalizations are made on the basis of a collection of predicative constructions describing states in Bulgarian a

Фразеологични и фразеологизирани предикативни конструкции (наблюдения върху българо-руски паралели)

Фразеологични и фразеологизирани предикативни конструкции (наблюдения върху българо-руски паралели)
(Phraseological and phraseologized predicative constructions (observations based on Bulgarian-Russian parallel examples))

Author(s):Maria Todorova
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics, Applied Linguistics, Syntax, Lexis, Semantics, Comparative Linguistics, Descriptive linguistics, Eastern Slavic Languages, South Slavic Languages, Translation Studies, Phraseology
Page Range:385-403
No. of Pages:19
Keywords:Bulgarian language; Russian language; phraseology; idioms; constructions
Summary/Abstract:The study examines idioms comprising predicatives and idiomatized predicative constructions as a subtype of the predicative constructions in Bulgarian. Their description is part of a typology of predicative constructions devised as part of an effort to model an ontology of state predicates. The analysis is based on the hypothesis that predicative constructions are lexical units, part of predicative structures, whose features place them on the border between morphology and syntax. These units share specific functions and semantics, and some of them are subject to lexicographic description. Data on predicative structure groups were extracted from various linguistic resources using the classification of predicative constructions in Bulgarian described in Todorova et al. (2021). The subtypes of predicative constructions with phraseological semantics – phraseologized predicative constructions and phraseological predicative constructions – are examined and discussed in light of the Bulgarian-Russian parallel examples.

Датив субъекта мнения и субъекта оценки в болгарском разговорном языке (на фоне русского)

Датив субъекта мнения и субъекта оценки в болгарском разговорном языке (на фоне русского)
(Subject of Opinion and Subject of Evaluation Dative in Colloquial Bulgarian (as compared with Russian))

Author(s):Elena Yu. Ivanova, Galina Ivanovna Kustova , Svetlozara Leseva
Language:Russian
Subject(s):Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Applied Linguistics, Syntax, Lexis, Semantics, Pragmatics, Comparative Linguistics, Cognitive linguistics, Descriptive linguistics, Eastern Slavic Languages, South Slavic Languages, Translation Studies, Phraseology
Page Range:404-426
No. of Pages:23
Keywords:dative; experiencer; subject of opinion; epistemic subject; interpretative evaluation; perception predicates
Summary/Abstract:This paper examines Bulgarian colloquial constructions of the type illustrated in the example И твоята панама нещо ми синее! Дали наистина е така или е от снимката? (Your canvas, too, looks somewhat bluish to me! Is it really like that or is it just the picture?), where the dative pronominal clitic marks the so-called subject of opinion. To render this meaning, Russian employs epistemic verbs or other linguistic means indicating the subject of opinion, even in non-standard colloquial speech, e.g. И твоя панама что-то мне кажется синей. Это так действительно или только на фото? The study is focused primarily on dative-clitic constructions with sensory perception predicates, colour and taste predicates in particular, as classes representative of distant and contact perception. The goal is to determine the conditions under which the dative may be interpreted as the subject of opinion and what syntactic characteristics this interpretation correlates with. In addition, we describe nonstandard constructions where the dative pronoun denotes an entity that evaluates a state-of-affairs (evaluating subject). We show that corresponding constructions cannot be found even in non-standard colloquial Russian. The article is centered on written colloquial language constructions which demonstrate the emergence and active occasional use of language units and models potentially able to gain a foothold in the language. We assume that the models established in the standard language serve as a basis for the emergence of new formations such as the ones occurring in 426 online communication. The analyses of the different manifestations of the so-called subject of opinion and subject of evaluation are illustrated not only by Bulgarian examples, but also by their Russian translations, as well as by original examples from Russian online communication, which serve to reveal the semantic differences between the distinct functions of the dative constructions and to demonstrate the possible renditions of these constructions into Russian.

Предикаты желания в болгарском языке в сопоставлении с русским

Предикаты желания в болгарском языке в сопоставлении с русским
(Predicates of volition in the Bulgarian language in contrast with Russian)

Author(s):Elena Yu. Ivanova
Language:Russian
Subject(s):Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics, Applied Linguistics, Syntax, Lexis, Semantics, Comparative Linguistics, Cognitive linguistics, Descriptive linguistics, Eastern Slavic Languages, South Slavic Languages, Translation Studies
Page Range:427-457
No. of Pages:31
Keywords:predicates of volition; dispositional (“feel-like”) constructions; reflexive dative constructions; uncontrollability; impersonality; translation
Summary/Abstract:This paper discusses the basic means of expressing desire in the Bulgarian language in comparison with Russian. The main focus is on the Bulgarian dispositional constructions, e.g. (Танцува ми се; не ми се прибира (I feel like dancing, I do not want to go home), which do not have a direct equivalent in Russian. The specific structure of the Bulgarian dispositional constructions is analyzed against the background of the lexical means of expressing desire: both by personal and by impersonal verbs. On the basis of evidence from parallel corpora, I show how the lack of exact correspondences between the two languages is overcome in translation. Another important task of the study is to reveal the semantic and grammatical differences between the Bulgarian dispositional constructions and the reflexive-dative Russian model (Мне (не) работается (I do not feel like working), which expresses a state of predisposition to an action. I demonstrate that the two constructions in focus, although similar at first glance, have significant grammatical and semantic differences. The analysis of parallel texts suggests that both constructions do not have a direct translation equivalent in the target language, and that the Russian model does not even have a regular translation correspondence.

Предикаты восприятия в болгарском и русском языках и их сентенциальные актанты

Предикаты восприятия в болгарском и русском языках и их сентенциальные актанты
(Perception predicates in Bulgarian and Russian and their sentential arguments)

Author(s):Maria A. Ovsyannikova, Hristina Kukova
Language:Russian
Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics, Applied Linguistics, Morphology, Syntax, Lexis, Semantics, Comparative Linguistics, Psycholinguistics, Cognitive linguistics, Descriptive linguistics, Eastern Slavic Languages, South Slavic Languages, Translation Studies, Phraseology
Page Range:458-484
No. of Pages:27
Keywords:perception verbs; sentential arguments; aspectuality; tense; cognitive domain; experiencer
Summary/Abstract:The paper examines perception predicates in Bulgarian and Russian. The study centers on sentences in which the object of perception is a situation expressed by a subordinate clause. Special attention is paid to the aspectual properties of the matrix verbs. We also discuss similarities and differences in the use of perception verbs in both languages, taking into account the realization of various constructions and complementizers.

Инфинитивные и финитные сентенциальные зависимые в русском языке и их соответствия с союзами че и да в болгарском языке

Инфинитивные и финитные сентенциальные зависимые в русском языке и их соответствия с союзами че и да в болгарском языке
(Infinitive and finite complement clauses in Russian and their correspondences with the complementizers че and да in Bulgarian)

Author(s):Alexander Letuchiy, Marina Dzhonova
Language:Russian
Subject(s):Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics, Applied Linguistics, Morphology, Syntax, Lexis, Semantics, Comparative Linguistics, Cognitive linguistics, Descriptive linguistics, Eastern Slavic Languages, South Slavic Languages, Phraseology
Page Range:485-509
No. of Pages:25
Keywords:modal verbs; phase verbs; predicatives; infinitive; tense; irreality; partial control; split control; strict control; co-reference
Summary/Abstract:The article compares the distribution of complementation strategies in Bulgarian and Russian. In Russian, the opposition of finite complements (introduced primarily by что and чтобы) is opposed to infinitive complements. In the default case, the former do not mark co-reference, while the latter are used in contexts involving co-reference between the main and the embedded clause arguments, although this is not always the case. Bulgarian lacks infinitives, thus, it has no non-finite complement forms. However, the infinitive functions are, to a great degree, fulfilled by да-complements, as opposed to че-complements. The significant differences observed in the data are due to the presence of the finite verb in the complement clauses introduced by the complementizer да. As we demonstrate, the opposition between что / чтобы and the infinitive in Russian and the difference between че and да in Bulgarian have a lot in common, although only Russian infinitive clauses are non-finite in the strict sense. To demonstrate this, we examine the relation between various strategies of complementation, co-reference and tense, and show how different complement types exhibit non-standard types of syntactic control.

Онтология на ситуациите за състояние – лингвистично моделиране. Съпоставително изследване за български и руски. Предговор

Предикаты состояния и семантические типы предикатов

Предикаты состояния и семантические типы предикатов (States, events and predicate types)

Семантические классы предикатов состояния (на материале русского языка)

Семантические классы предикатов состояния (на материале русского языка) (Semantic classes of state predicates (based on evidence from Russian))

Stative verbs: conceptual structure, hierarchy, systemic relations

Stative verbs: conceptual structure, hierarchy, systemic relations (Stative verbs: conceptual structure, hierarchy, systemic relations)

The system of diatheses in Bulgarian and stative predicates

The system of diatheses in Bulgarian and stative predicates (The system of diatheses in Bulgarian and stative predicates)

Диатезы русских глаголов эмоций

Диатезы русских глаголов эмоций (Diatheses of Russian verbs of emotion)

Syntactic realization of stative predicates in Bulgarian (towards a lexical meaning ontology)

Syntactic realization of stative predicates in Bulgarian (towards a lexical meaning ontology) (Syntactic realization of stative predicates in Bulgarian (towards a lexical meaning ontology))

Аргументная структура ментальных предикатов в русском языке: взаимодействие семантических, синтаксических и коммуникативных факторов

Семантические типы инфинитивных конструкций русских предикативов

Семантические типы инфинитивных конструкций русских предикативов (Semantic types of infinitive constructions of Russian predicatives)

Дативно-инфинитивные структуры и синтаксические идиомы в русском языке

Дативно-инфинитивные структуры и синтаксические идиомы в русском языке (Dative-infinitive structures and syntactic idioms in Russian)

Дативно-предикативные структуры и семантико-синтаксический интерфейс в русском и болгарском языках

Дативно-предикативные структуры и семантико-синтаксический интерфейс в русском и болгарском языках (Dative-predicative structures and the syntax-semantics interface in Russian and Bulgarian)

Предикативни конструкции за състояние: корпусно изследване върху български и руски

Предикативни конструкции за състояние: корпусно изследване върху български и руски (Predicative constructions and State Semantics: a corpus study on Bulgarian and Russian)

Фразеологични и фразеологизирани предикативни конструкции (наблюдения върху българо-руски паралели)

Датив субъекта мнения и субъекта оценки в болгарском разговорном языке (на фоне русского)

Датив субъекта мнения и субъекта оценки в болгарском разговорном языке (на фоне русского) (Subject of Opinion and Subject of Evaluation Dative in Colloquial Bulgarian (as compared with Russian))

Предикаты желания в болгарском языке в сопоставлении с русским

Предикаты желания в болгарском языке в сопоставлении с русским (Predicates of volition in the Bulgarian language in contrast with Russian)

Предикаты восприятия в болгарском и русском языках и их сентенциальные актанты

Предикаты восприятия в болгарском и русском языках и их сентенциальные актанты (Perception predicates in Bulgarian and Russian and their sentential arguments)

Инфинитивные и финитные сентенциальные зависимые в русском языке и их соответствия с союзами че и да в болгарском языке

Предикаты состояния и семантические типы предикатов
(States, events and predicate types)

Семантические классы предикатов состояния (на материале русского языка)
(Semantic classes of state predicates (based on evidence from Russian))

Stative verbs: conceptual structure, hierarchy, systemic relations
(Stative verbs: conceptual structure, hierarchy, systemic relations)

The system of diatheses in Bulgarian and stative predicates
(The system of diatheses in Bulgarian and stative predicates)

Диатезы русских глаголов эмоций
(Diatheses of Russian verbs of emotion)

Syntactic realization of stative predicates in Bulgarian (towards a lexical meaning ontology)
(Syntactic realization of stative predicates in Bulgarian (towards a lexical meaning ontology))

Семантические типы инфинитивных конструкций русских предикативов
(Semantic types of infinitive constructions of Russian predicatives)

Дативно-инфинитивные структуры и синтаксические идиомы в русском языке
(Dative-infinitive structures and syntactic idioms in Russian)

Дативно-предикативные структуры и семантико-синтаксический интерфейс в русском и болгарском языках
(Dative-predicative structures and the syntax-semantics interface in Russian and Bulgarian)

Предикативни конструкции за състояние: корпусно изследване върху български и руски
(Predicative constructions and State Semantics: a corpus study on Bulgarian and Russian)

Датив субъекта мнения и субъекта оценки в болгарском разговорном языке (на фоне русского)
(Subject of Opinion and Subject of Evaluation Dative in Colloquial Bulgarian (as compared with Russian))

Предикаты желания в болгарском языке в сопоставлении с русским
(Predicates of volition in the Bulgarian language in contrast with Russian)

Предикаты восприятия в болгарском и русском языках и их сентенциальные актанты
(Perception predicates in Bulgarian and Russian and their sentential arguments)