Сборник с доклади от юбилейната международна научна конференция „Рискове пред етнорелигиозния мир в контекста на националната и международната сигурност в Югоизточна и Централна Европа“. Том 1

Сборник с доклади от юбилейната международна научна конференция „Рискове пред етнорелигиозния мир в контекста на националната и международната сигурност в Югоизточна и Централна Европа“. Том 1
Collection of reports from the jubilee international scientific conference "Risks to ethno-religious peace in the context of national and international security in South-East and Central Europe". Vol. 1

Author(s): Trendafil Atanasov Mitev, Anguel Gueorguiev Anastassov, Anna Mantarova, Mihail Stoyanov Mirchev, Ivaylo Hristov Hristov, Evgeni Petrov Manev, Yordan Stoyanov Doykov, Petar Yordanov Nenkov, Georgi Stefkov Kulov, Rusi Vladimirov Yanev, Katya Zhivkova Mihaylova, Miglena Ivanova Ivanova, Asen Kolev Asenov, Aleksandra Jovanović, Aneta Cvetkovic, Nikola Jovanovic, Georgi Lyubenov Manolov, Yordan Ivanov Bakalov, Gena Tsvetkova Velkovska, Vasil Hristov Georgiev, Valeri Yordanov Velkovski, Teodor Danailov Dechev, Plamen Nikolov Bogdanov, Atanaska Ivanova Tuntova, Emil Angelov Madzharov, Yoanna Rosenova Andonova-Tsvetanova, Voyn Konstantinov Bozhinov, Kostadin Vasilev Yazov, Rositsa Roumenova Rogova, Chavdar Petrov Groshev, Petar Grigorov Gramatikov, Mihail Ivanov Mihaylov, Boyko Mitkov Petev, Nedyalka Ivanova Petrova, Vesselin Panov Loulanski, Ivan Stoychev Vinarov, Emilia Angelova Kasova, Diana Ivanova Petrova, Kamelia Petkova Tsvetkova-Nedyalkova
Contributor(s): Georgi Lyubenov Manolov (Editor)
Subject(s): Politics / Political Sciences, History, Social Sciences, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Sociology, Ethnohistory, Security and defense, Military policy, Methodology and research technology, Criminology, Demography and human biology, Radical sociology , Migration Studies, Inter-Ethnic Relations, Ethnic Minorities Studies, Geopolitics, Politics and Identity, Peace and Conflict Studies, Asylum, Refugees, Migration as Policy-fields
Published by: Висше училище по сигурност и икономика (ВУСИ)
Keywords: ethno-religious peace; national security; international security; Southeast Europe; Central Europe; risks; dilemmas; challenges; perspectives; framework; law; religion; migration; military conflict
Summary/Abstract: The present Proceedings of the Graduate School of Security and Economics (Volumes I and II) reflect the highly academic and highly productive International Research Conference on „Risks to Ethno-religious Peace in the Context of National and International Security in Southeastern and Central Europe“ held in November 2023. The edition contains the main and plenary papers. They are structured in four scientific panels focusing on topics such as „National Security and Ethno-religious Peace – Dilemmas, Challenges and Prospects“, „Risks to Ethno-religious Peace and National Politics – Security Aspects“, „State Politics, Ethnic Relations, National and International Security“ and „Ethno-religious Peace, National Security and Social Sciences“. Among the authors are Bulgarian and foreign proven names in scientific and academic circles.

E-ISBN-13: 978-619-7343-96-0
Print-ISBN-13: 978-619-7343-94-6
Page Count: 330
Publication Year: 2024
Language: English, Bulgarian

Триадата политика – демография – национална сигурност в съдбата на българите

Триадата политика – демография – национална сигурност в съдбата на българите
(The triad of politics-demography-national security in the destiny of Bulgarians)

Author(s):Trendafil Atanasov Mitev
Language:English, Bulgarian
Subject(s):Security and defense, Demography and human biology, Politics and Identity
Page Range:7-22
No. of Pages:16
Keywords:demographics; demographic policy; demographic catastrophe; National Security
Summary/Abstract:In the history of the Bulgarian people, a permanent trend is laid down, which is manifested by the certainty of an unchangeable political law: in the implementation of an incorrect policy by the authorities in relation to the demographic state of the nation, the Bulgarians and their country are faced with the most serious tests. In some of the cases (at the end of the 90s of the 14th century), the finale was the sunset and liquidation of the independent state institution. And vice versa – when conducting the optimal possible favorable demographic policy, the Bulgarian nation grows very quickly and solves the most significant problems related to its existence (the example of the survival of our nation during the period of Ottoman rule, the conquest of liberation in 1878, the rapid development of the economy and culture in the second half of the 20th century, etc.). During the last quarter century of the current century, once again the authorities in Sofia did not implement the optimal possible policy for the current conditions, which would prevent the spontaneous „escape of Bulgarians from the motherland“, which is why the problem related to national security again comes to the fore as a primary state task. This article is an attempt to reveal both the adverse consequences of the wrong demographic policy for national security and also the benefits that national security gains from pursuing a policy that pushes forward the development of national demographic potential. The purpose of the article is to summarize the existing experience – both with a negative tone and with a constructive content, in order to apply what life has proven to be useful for the upward development of Bulgaria. Because without a people there is no country. In a country with a small population, national security cannot be guaranteed.

Миграционни процеси и рискове за междуетническите отношения в България

Миграционни процеси и рискове за междуетническите отношения в България
(Migration Processes and Risks on Inter-ethnic Relations in Bulgaria)

Author(s):Anna Mantarova
Language:English, Bulgarian
Subject(s):Security and defense, Migration Studies, Inter-Ethnic Relations
Page Range:30-36
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:risks; cross-border migration; national security; attitudes and reactions towards immigrants
Summary/Abstract:The article discusses a particularly important problem in today's conditions of political and economic instability and military conflicts – the impact of contemporary migration processes on inter-ethnic relations. Statistical information was used, as well as data from nationally representative empirical sociological surveys. The two migration streams that have the potential to influence inter-ethnic relations in Bulgaria are outlined – that of illegal migrants from the Middle East and Africa and the other one of Bulgarian citizens – ethnic Turks, who emigrated several decades ago to Turkey and their descendants. The attitudes of the local population towards immigrants and potential risks of a negative impact on ethnic and interreligious relations are outlined.

Етнодемографска стратификация в България – динамика от далечната 1986 до близката 2019 и новото малцинство от бежанци през 2023 г. Рискове и предизвикателства пред националната сигурност

Етнодемографска стратификация в България – динамика от далечната 1986 до близката 2019 и новото малцинство от бежанци през 2023 г. Рискове и предизвикателства пред националната сигурност
(Etno-demograthic stratification in Bulgaria – the dynamics from distant 1986 to close2019 and the new refugees minority in current 2023. Riscs and challenges to the national security)

Author(s):Mihail Stoyanov Mirchev
Language:English, Bulgarian
Subject(s):Security and defense, Demography and human biology, Ethnic Minorities Studies, Asylum, Refugees, Migration as Policy-fields
Page Range:37-65
No. of Pages:29
Keywords:national representative survey; stratification pyramid and profiles; transition; social polarization; macro-range analyses; Social model; socialism; neoliberal capitalism; Globalization; Arabic-Islami
Summary/Abstract:The paper presents own empirical data of national representative surveys, valid for current resident population within Bulgaria, aged 18-70, conducted by Agency ASSA-M with comparable samples. It focuses the stratification pyramid of Bulgarian population and its shifts from 1986 – the end of the „developed socialism“ epoch, through transitory 2001-2011 decade, up to 2019. The paper discusses the civil effect in the stratification profile in four focal points – in 2001 after the so called „Transition“ (1989-1999), that was the First Transition from socialism to liberal capitalism; in 2011 after the social optimism decade regarding Bulgaria’s accession to the EU – that is the Second Transition (2007); in 2019, that where 5 years after the time of Third Transition (2014-2017), that was the time of total mafiatization of the State and Government – as a substance that was the return to the model of one party and one political leather domination, in the state and manifestations of new feudalism and authoritarianism. The macro-range of the shifts in the system of the Bulgarian society, which resulted in a sharply changed stratification profile and society’s civil model is characterized. It is not only about the Base of the society, but also about the complete reconstruction in the society’s Superstructure, of the new ideological dogma and political correctness in the state. It is also about the abrupt and radical relocation of Bulgaria from East to West in its global positioning as a country and Bulgarian nation. All is analyzed as inner social and societal, state and institutional environment of civil uncertainty and national security problem. As a base of increased risk of illegal Arab-Muslim immigration from 2014 up to now, the aggregation of risky mass of eastern „refugees“ in Bulgaria and their sitting here as a new „national minority“ which doubles and triples the problems of Bulgarian national security.The paper presents own empirical data of national representative surveys, valid for current resident population within Bulgaria, aged 18-70, conducted by Agency ASSA-M with comparable samples. It focuses the stratification pyramid of Bulgarian population and its shifts from 1986 – the end of the „developed socialism“ epoch, through transitory 2001-2011 decade, up to 2019. The paper discusses the civil effect in the stratification profile in four focal points – in 2001 after the so called „Transition“ (1989-1999), that was the First Transition from socialism to liberal capitalism; in 2011 after the social optimism decade regarding Bulgaria’s accession to the EU – that is the Second Transition (2007); in 2019, that where 5 years after the time of Third Transition (2014-2017), that was the time of total mafiatization of the State and Government – as a substance that was the return to the model of one party and one political leather domination, in the state and manifestations of new feudalism and authoritarianism. The macro-range of the shifts in the system of the Bulgarian society, which resulted in a sharply changed stratification profile and society’s civil model is characterized. It is not only about the Base of the society, but also about the complete reconstruction in the society’s Superstructure, of the new ideological dogma and political correctness in the state. It is also about the abrupt and radical relocation of Bulgaria from East to West in its global positioning as a country and Bulgarian nation. All is analyzed as inner social and societal, state and institutional environment of civil uncertainty and national security problem. As a base of increased risk of illegal Arab-Muslim immigration from 2014 up to now, the aggregation of risky mass of eastern „refugees“ in Bulgaria and their sitting here as a new „national minority“ which doubles and triples the problems of Bulgarian national security.

Военният конфликт Русия – Украйна и рисковете пред България

Военният конфликт Русия – Украйна и рисковете пред България
(The Russia-Ukraine military conflict and the risks facing Bulgaria)

Author(s):Ivaylo Hristov Hristov
Language:English, Bulgarian
Subject(s):Security and defense, Military policy
Page Range:66-72
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:conflict; military conflict; security; elite; risk
Summary/Abstract:The text examines the nature of the war in Ukraine, the possible scenarios for its development and the risks Bulgaria faces. The key question of the study is: could the military conflict between Russia and Ukraine develop into a nuclear war? And who needs it?! The answer is given by the dynamics of the economic rivalry between the two main centers of capital: the Rothschild clan and the Rockefeller clan. It is pointed out that our country has been declared „frontline“ and as such has been turned into a hostage of the American and British Anglo-Saxon and Jewish elites.

Рискове за етнорелигиозния мир при бедствия, кризи и извънредни ситуации

Рискове за етнорелигиозния мир при бедствия, кризи и извънредни ситуации
(Risks to ethnoreligious peace in disasters, crises and emergencies)

Author(s):Evgeni Petrov Manev
Language:English, Bulgarian
Subject(s):Security and defense, Migration Studies, Peace and Conflict Studies
Page Range:73-80
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Bulgarian ethnic model; culture; religious; crisis
Summary/Abstract:The report examines the main theoretical assumptions about the Bulgarian ethnic model, its principled connection with the cultural model and ethnoreligious relations. In this perspective, some important, risks for the violation of ethnоreligious tolerance and peace in the state are also considered. The principled connection for these processes with disasters, crisis and emergencies situations have been analyzed.

Относно политическата обусловеност на войната

Относно политическата обусловеност на войната
(About the Political Conditioning of the War)

Author(s):Yordan Stoyanov Doykov
Language:English, Bulgarian
Subject(s):Security and defense, Military policy
Page Range:81-88
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:security; state; state interest; geopolitical imperative; foreign policy; force; domestic policy; balance of power
Summary/Abstract:The article offers a reflection on the political conditioning of war. Its starting point is the state's primary concern – security. Meaningfully, it is materialized in the state interest, in the raison d’Etat. The fundamental basis of the state interest is in the protection of the subjectivity of the state itself. Inasmuch as the raison d'Etat is ultimately oriented fundamentally towards security in order to hold the community together and hence has a direct bearing on whether the state defends itself by military means or by other means relevant to the specific situation, the question of realization on its part is reached of its geopolitical imperative by applying Kremer's principles.

Геноцидът над тракийските българи и опитите на българската държава да защити етнорелигиозните и имуществените права на българското малцинство в Турция и Гърция

Геноцидът над тракийските българи и опитите на българската държава да защити етнорелигиозните и имуществените права на българското малцинство в Турция и Гърция
(The genocide of the Thracian Bulgarians and the attempts of the Bulgarian state to protect the ethno-religious and property rights of the Bulgarian minority in Turkey and Greece)

Author(s):Petar Yordanov Nenkov
Language:English, Bulgarian
Subject(s):International relations/trade, Family and social welfare, Ethnic Minorities Studies, Politics of History/Memory, Politics and Identity, Identity of Collectives
Page Range:89-102
No. of Pages:14
Keywords:ruin of the Thracian Bulgarians; the Second Balkan War; atrocities of the Ottoman authorities over the Bulgarians; the first genocide in Europe in the 20th century; The Treaty of Angora between Bulgar
Summary/Abstract:The destruction of the Thracian Bulgarians in 1913 was genocide and ethnic cleansing of the Bulgarian population in the southern part of the region of Thrace during and soon after the Inter-Allied War. It was carried out by the regular army of the Ottoman army and the bashibozuka. The affected areas in which genocide is being committed against the Thracian Bulgarians include Eastern (Odrina) Thrace and Western (White Sea) Thrace.

Фабрикуването на „помашки етнос“ и евентуалната ревизия на Лозанския мирен договор

Фабрикуването на „помашки етнос“ и евентуалната ревизия на Лозанския мирен договор
(The fabrication of a „Pomak ethnic group“ and the possible revision of the Lausanne Peace Treaty)

Author(s):Georgi Stefkov Kulov
Language:English, Bulgarian
Subject(s):Policy, planning, forecast and speculation, Ethnic Minorities Studies, EU-Legislation, Politics of History/Memory, Politics and Identity, Identity of Collectives
Page Range:103-107
No. of Pages:5
Keywords:pomak; Lausanne Peace Treaty; revision; ethnic group; Sunni; Shia; Alevi; multiculturalism; U.S. Department of State
Summary/Abstract:Fabricating a „Pomak ethnicity“ is crucial for keeping the state borders set by the Lausanne Peace Treaty and certain Balkan states have been making efforts to assimilate the Bulgarian Muslims within their territories by grouping them into a „Pomak ethnic group“, thus preventing any possibilities for them identifying as Bulgarians.

Противодействие на чуждестранни пътуващи бойци

Противодействие на чуждестранни пътуващи бойци
(Countering foreign traveling fighters)

Author(s):Rusi Vladimirov Yanev
Language:English, Bulgarian
Subject(s):Security and defense, Military policy, Asylum, Refugees, Migration as Policy-fields
Page Range:108-113
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:foreign traveling fighters; radicalization; stages of radicalization; extremism; organized crime; terrorism
Summary/Abstract:The emergence and development of the processes of radicalization, extremism and terrorism of representatives of different social groups are often associated with ethno-religious conflicts. Limiting and overcoming conflicts of this nature are primarily aimed at neutralizing foreign traveling fighters, as part of terrorist organizations. In order to counter them successfully, the competent human rights bodies, together with the general public, organize and conduct events to study the structure and composition of the fighters, their motivation to plan and carry out terrorist acts. The report identifies and partially explains the concept of „foreign traveling fighters“, examples of their detection and neutralization, and elements of the general model for countering them.

Изходът от политическата агония

Изходът от политическата агония
(The way out of political agony)

Author(s):Katya Zhivkova Mihaylova
Language:English, Bulgarian
Subject(s):Security and defense, Electoral systems, Inter-Ethnic Relations, Asylum, Refugees, Migration as Policy-fields
Page Range:114-121
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:political agony; political field; charisma; elections; dystopic discourse
Summary/Abstract:The article is focused on political agony in Bulgaria in the period of 2021-2023 as one of the risks not only for the ethno-religious peace but for the development of the state and society. It clearly differentiates the concept of „political crises“ from the concept of „political agony“, tries to mark the genesis of the agony in the political field and to provokes thought to look for ways out of the agonizing state of the political. In this sense, the report points to the risk – the political agony – and focuses on options to reduce the damage to man and society, to security and peace, that it could cause.

Мрежов анализ на риска по държави на чужденците с предоставен статут на бежанец и с предоставен хуманитарен статут в България за периода януари 2021 – юни 2023 г.

Мрежов анализ на риска по държави на чужденците с предоставен статут на бежанец и с предоставен хуманитарен статут в България за периода януари 2021 – юни 2023 г.
(Network analysis of the risk by country of foreigners granted refugee status and foreigners granted humanitarian status in the Republic of Bulgaria for the period January 2021 – June 2023)

Author(s):Miglena Ivanova Ivanova
Language:English, Bulgarian
Subject(s):Security and defense, Migration Studies, Ethnic Minorities Studies, Asylum, Refugees, Migration as Policy-fields
Page Range:122-135
No. of Pages:14
Keywords:network analysis of risk; refugees; network model operations stress factor; full reserve of network model operations
Summary/Abstract:The report presents an approach for a network analysis of the risk by country of foreigners granted refugee status and foreigners granted humanitarian status in the Republic of Bulgaria for a thirty-month period – from January 2021 to June 2023. For the purposes of the illustrated network analysis of risk in the present study, the stress factor and the full reserve of works of ten network models by country are used for foreigners granted refugee status and foreigners granted humanitarian status in the Republic of Bulgaria for the reported period.

Ислямът: митове за заплаха на сигурността в Европа

Ислямът: митове за заплаха на сигурността в Европа
(Islam: Myths of a Security Threat in Europe)

Author(s):Asen Kolev Asenov
Language:English, Bulgarian
Subject(s):Security and defense, Policy, planning, forecast and speculation, Peace and Conflict Studies
Page Range:136-141
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:risks; ethnicities; religions; Europe; security; terrorism; radicalization; Islam
Summary/Abstract:The topic of Islam is extremely relevant for Europe because it directly affects the security and existence of the continent. Before evaluating and analyzing Islam, one must know the theology of the religion, as claimed by the famous Islamic scholar D. Exposito. Glenn Beck takes an opposite negative position. All three monotheistic religions – Judaism, Christianity and Islam – have passed through the stage of violence. Islam has a number of specific manifestations in European countries that must be taken into account as they are closely related to their social peace and security.

Legal mechanisms of protection against religious discrimination for the purpose of public safety in the Republic of Serbia, shortcomings in regulations problems in practice

Legal mechanisms of protection against religious discrimination for the purpose of public safety in the Republic of Serbia, shortcomings in regulations problems in practice
(Legal mechanisms of protection against religious discrimination for the purpose of public safety in the Republic of Serbia, shortcomings in regulations problems in practice)

Author(s):Aleksandra Jovanović, Aneta Cvetkovic, Nikola Jovanovic
Language:English, Bulgarian
Subject(s):Public Law, Security and defense, Methodology and research technology, Inter-Ethnic Relations
Page Range:142-153
No. of Pages:12
Keywords:religion; prohibition of discrimination; criminal protection; constitutionally guaranteed rights and freedoms; security
Summary/Abstract:Some of the basic human freedoms - freedom of thought, conscience and religion are covered by the principle of non-discrimination from the point of view of law, morality and politics. This principle derives from the constitutional principle of equality and separation of churches and religious communities from the state of Serbia. It is precisely from this principle and the rights guaranteed by the constitution that the state's obligation to be neutral in relation to religious organizations registered on its territory arises. In order to prevent endangering or preventing the enjoyment of human rights and basic freedom of religion, the state prohibits religious discrimination through numerous regulations. For the purpose of sanctioning illegal discrimination, this issue is regulated by the Criminal Code of the Republic of Serbia, which enables the state to protect public safety on its territory. Uneven regulations dealing with this issue and their uneven application are present in practice, while difficult application of regulations in the field of prohibition of discrimination is present in practice in the territory of RS Kosovo and Metohija. The goal of the work is to raise awareness and encourage a response to discrimination for the purpose of public safety, to contribute to the appreciation of diversity and point out the problem of discrimination, but also to point out the shortcomings of international and national regulations that regulate the principle of non-discrimination and the still insufficient and uneven fulfillment of regulations in practice, and all for the full protection of citizens from discrimination.

Привилегиите на висшата номенклатура и етническият мир в България през тоталитаризма

Привилегиите на висшата номенклатура и етническият мир в България през тоталитаризма
(The privileges of the senior nomenclatura and ethnic peace in Bulgaria during totalitarianism)

Author(s):Georgi Lyubenov Manolov
Language:English, Bulgarian
Subject(s):Economic policy, Government/Political systems, Security and defense, Social differentiation, Politics of History/Memory
Page Range:154-168
No. of Pages:15
Keywords:privileges; nomenclature; ethnic peace
Summary/Abstract:This paper examines the problem of political privileges of the top nomenklatura in totalitarian Bulgaria (1945-1989) and their impact on ethnic peace in the country. A detailed analysis is made of these privileges, which extended into absolutely all social spheres and served the upper echelon of the nomenklatura. A plethora of facts, data and evidence of their illegitimate (and legitimate) and unjust nature in the society are brought forth. The main damage done by the privileges on the ethnic peace in the country is also analyzed in the context of the alienation and demoralization of the political elites of the time.

Възможни последици за стабилността на Западните Балкани от украинско-руския конфликт

Възможни последици за стабилността на Западните Балкани от украинско-руския конфликт
(Possible consequences for the stability of the Western Balkans from the Ukrainian-Russian)

Author(s):Yordan Ivanov Bakalov
Language:English, Bulgarian
Subject(s):International relations/trade, Security and defense, Military policy, Peace and Conflict Studies
Page Range:169-172
No. of Pages:4
Keywords:Balkans; Russia; influence; options
Summary/Abstract:Russia can easily continue to destabilize the region and sabotage the desire of the countries of the region to become members of the European Union, which they have long sought.The Western Balkans could become a source of trouble if Moscow tries to further destabilize the region as a result of the war in Ukraine. Russia considers both Ukraine and the Western Balkans as a buffer zone, where it can maintain spheres of influence and through them undermine the EU.

Социални аспекти на националната политика в етнически план (на примера на анкетно проучване)

Социални аспекти на националната политика в етнически план (на примера на анкетно проучване)
(Social aspects of national policy in ethnic terms (on the example of a survey))

Author(s):Gena Tsvetkova Velkovska
Language:English, Bulgarian
Subject(s):Public Law, Methodology and research technology, Inter-Ethnic Relations, Ethnic Minorities Studies, Sociology of Politics, Politics and Identity
Page Range:173-181
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:constitution; laws; social policy; ethnic groups; Republic of Bulgaria
Summary/Abstract:The state social policy of the Republic of Bulgaria is aimed at satisfying the needs of all ethnic groups, based on the constitutional principle of equality of citizens. This policy is based on a package of legal and by-laws – laws, strategies and others, which are the basis of all plans and specific actions and measures affecting the population of the Republic of Bulgaria, regardless of the ethnic affiliation of every citizen of the Republic of Bulgaria.

Обединяването на външнополитическото и военното разузнаване

Обединяването на външнополитическото и военното разузнаване
(The Merger of foreign and military intelligence)

Author(s):Vasil Hristov Georgiev
Language:English, Bulgarian
Subject(s):Public Administration, Security and defense, Military policy
Page Range:182-187
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:intelligence; military intelligence
Summary/Abstract:The report analyzes the possible risks and problems that may arise in the creation of integrated military and foreign policy intelligence.

Законодателни възможности за заетост на ромското население в агробизнеса на Република България (на примера на анкетно проучване)

Законодателни възможности за заетост на ромското население в агробизнеса на Република България (на примера на анкетно проучване)
(Legislative opportunities for employment of the Roma population in the agribusiness of the Republic of Bulgaria (on the example of a survey))

Author(s):Valeri Yordanov Velkovski
Language:English, Bulgarian
Subject(s):Agriculture, Methodology and research technology, Family and social welfare, Law on Economics, Human Resources in Economy, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:188-194
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:agribusiness; ethnic group; Roma ethnic group; labor market; rural areas; employment; legislative opportunities
Summary/Abstract:In a number of regions of the Republic of Bulgaria, especially in rural areas, agribusiness is the main area of employment for the local population. All ethnic groups, without exception, have free, constitutional access to the labor market in this industry. The qualification of the Roma ethnic group to the vulnerable groups also puts on the agenda the issue of use, application and broad awareness of the legislative opportunities that are provided to all ethnic groups for employment in agribusiness, in various forms, which is also a right of choice. At this stage, the legal toolkit enabling the persons from the Roma ethnic group to participate in active employment in agribusiness, which would also increase their quality of life, has not been sufficiently evaluated.

Ескалацията на етнорелигиозното насилие в Западна и Централна Африка като заплаха за сигурността на държавите от Европейския съюз

Ескалацията на етнорелигиозното насилие в Западна и Централна Африка като заплаха за сигурността на държавите от Европейския съюз
(The escalation of ethno-religious violence in West and Central Africa as a threat to the security of the countries of the European Union)

Author(s):Teodor Danailov Dechev
Language:English, Bulgarian
Subject(s):Security and defense, Inter-Ethnic Relations, EU-Accession / EU-DEvelopment, Geopolitics, Peace and Conflict Studies
Page Range:195-209
No. of Pages:15
Keywords:West Africa; ethno violence; religious violence; Salafist networks; Tuaregs; Fulani; Wagner
Summary/Abstract:The report is devoted to the problems of the escalation of ethno-religious violence in West and Central Africa and its relationship with the national security problems of the countries of the European Union, in particular – the countries of the Mediterranean basin and South-Eastern Europe. The problem is rooted in the infiltration and deployment in the West African region of radical Islamic terrorist networks and terrorist DISORGANIZATIONS such as Al Qaeda, the Islamic State of West Africa, the Islamic State of the Greater Sahara, as well as some lesser-known but highly effective Salafist networks. Initially, they took advantage of another rise of the Tuaregs fighting for an independent state in Mali, and between the ethno-centric nationalist Tuareg organizations and the Salafists, emerged particular structures of symbiosis between radical Islamism and nationalism, which the author characterizes as „double bottom organizations“. The defeat of the Gaddafi regime (on whose side many Tuareg militias are fighting) during the „Arab Spring“ also played a favorable role in this development. The Tuareg returned from Libya with a large amount of weapons, which they are using against the government authorities – first of all in Mali. The Tuareg-Salafist uprising that broke out in the northern part of Mali was suppressed by French troops with the mandate of the UN Security Council. The Tuareg concluded a truce with the Malian authorities, but Islamic radicals continued an intense guerrilla war that spread to central Mali and also to a very large extent to Burkina Faso (Upper Volta). The failure of the authorities to combat subversive acts and terror operated by radical Islamists became the occasion (though not the main cause) for a series of coups in Mali and Burkina Faso, which were followed by Niger and Gabon, despite the fact that such guerilla military actions were not taking place particularly in Gabon. A particular risk is the possibility of the Fulani people (also known as Fulah or Fulbe) siding with the radical Islamists. The Fulani are a group of semi-nomadic tribes engaged in migratory animal husbandry that inhabit the entire belt south of the Sahara from the Gulf of Guinea to the Red Sea and number about 37 million people. In principle, the Fulani belong as a confession to the Sufi branch of Islam, known for its tolerance, but on the other hand, they are treated by the state authorities in the countries where they live as „second-class“ people, because the sedentary lifestyle is tolerated in the region. In some countries, there is outright ethnic enmity against the Fulani. This causes a certain tendency of younger Fulani to join the ranks of the radical Islamists and is the basis of the movement of the guerrilla war from the northern part of Mali to its central part. The Fulani have traditional problems with the settled agricultural population, but to this problem are added environmental problems caused by climate changes and the corresponding expansion of the Sahara desert to the south, as well as the emergence of so-called „neo-pastoralism“. Unlike the Fulani and traditional nomadic herders, where the herds are family-owned and the number of head of cattle in them is medium or small, the „new pastoralism“ is a reflection of the attempts of corrupt elites in West African countries, especially Nigeria to hide their financial resources in the possession of livestock. Unlike the Fulani and traditional migratory herders, the „new herdsmen“ are not owners but mercenaries who are well armed with automatic long-barreled weapons. They enter into sharp conflicts with the settled agricultural population. A dangerous synergy arises because the Fulani are Muslims, one of the peoples who brought Islam to West Africa, while the majority of settled farmers are Christians. A separate issue is the existing friction between the individual ethnic groups. When the ecological pressures caused by the expansion of desert lands in southern direction and the phenomenon of „neo-pastoralism“ as a result of the fight against corruption and the hiding of „dirty money“ in livestock ownership are added to this, a dangerous „explosive mixture“ arises that favors the guerilla and terrorist activity of Islamic radicals and appears as a great occasion for the rise of an authoritarian wave of military coups in the region. The fact that along the belt where the Fulani live, the presence of the private military company „Wagner“ is increasingly established. (Its possible restructuring in the near or distant future is of no importance here). Tactically, PMC „Wagner“ is implementing a certain business plan, which includes serving the coup regimes for a fee and the exploitation of certain natural resources in the countries of West and Central Africa. PMC „Wagner“ have already „distinguished themselves“ with several massacres of the Fulani in Mali, and they have a particularly strong presence in the Central African Republic, where it can be said that Russian mercenaries are literally involved in state governance. In fact, with its presence in Mauritania, Mali, Burkina Faso, Chad, the Central African Republic, Sudan, and South Sudan, PMC Wagner is establishing a chain of outposts that coincides with the Fulani migratory herding route. In this, according to the author, there is nothing accidental, because in addition to the short-term tactical tasks related to the usual mercenary business, PMC „Wagner“ and other Russian expeditionary colonial forces in West and Central Africa could effectively intervene in the growing guerrilla war in the region and contribute for its sharp escalation. The result of such an escalation would most likely be an unprecedented migration wave, for which the EU countries, in particular the countries of the Mediterranean basin and South-Eastern Europe, are not yet prepared.

Влияние на войната в Украйна върху организацията и управлението на руските въоръжени сили

Влияние на войната в Украйна върху организацията и управлението на руските въоръжени сили
(Impact of the war in Ukraine on the organization and control of the Russian armed forces)

Author(s):Plamen Nikolov Bogdanov
Language:English, Bulgarian
Subject(s):Security and defense, Military policy, Peace and Conflict Studies
Page Range:210-215
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:Russian armed forces; organizational structure; control; Ukraine; war; changes
Summary/Abstract:The paper analyzes the organizational structure and command and control system of the Russian armed forces in the 21st century. The organization and chains of command established within the Russian military forces involved in the war in Ukraine, which began in February 2022, are explored and how they change over the course of hostilities. Conclusions are made about the reasons for these changes.

Толерантността в етнорелигиозните отношения – фактор за националната сигурност

Толерантността в етнорелигиозните отношения – фактор за националната сигурност
(Tolerance in ethno-religious relations – a factor for national security)

Author(s):Atanaska Ivanova Tuntova
Language:English, Bulgarian
Subject(s):Security and defense, Inter-Ethnic Relations, Peace and Conflict Studies
Page Range:216-222
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:ethnicities; religions; security
Summary/Abstract:The majority of countries in the world include several ethnicities. Bulgaria is no exception to this fact. It is a task for each country individually to ensure conditions for life and development that do not cause conflicts between different ethnic groups. Ethnic groups are one of the forms of existence of the human community, which is faced with the manifestations of globalization, and this necessitates taking measures to ensure the security of citizens and the state. Modern legislation, both Bulgarian and international, enshrines the right of every citizen to define himself by nationality and religion, without violating the rights of other citizens and the sovereignty and integrity of the state.

Етнорелигиозните предразсъдъци на лишените от свобода

Етнорелигиозните предразсъдъци на лишените от свобода
(The ethno-religious prejudices of the prisoners)

Author(s):Emil Angelov Madzharov, Yoanna Rosenova Andonova-Tsvetanova
Language:English, Bulgarian
Subject(s):Social Philosophy, Theology and Religion, Criminology
Page Range:223-230
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:religious tolerance; ethnic prejudice; religious identity; extraversion; Machiavellianism; narcissism; psychopathy; global self-esteem
Summary/Abstract:The report presents and analyzes the results of the empirical study of religious tolerance, ethnic prejudice and the religious identity of prisoners. Interpreting the relationships of personal ethno-religious characteristics with the personal and socio-demographic profile of convicts serving their sentence. The role of the prison subculture and groups as a mediator in relation to their ethno-religious prejudices and their interaction with the personal-psychological and socio-demographic parameters of the prisoners is specially emphasized.

Американската стратегия спрямо региона на Черноморието – настояще и перспективи

Американската стратегия спрямо региона на Черноморието – настояще и перспективи
(The American strategy towards the Black Sea region – present and prospects)

Author(s):Voyn Konstantinov Bozhinov
Language:English, Bulgarian
Subject(s):International relations/trade, Security and defense, Military policy, Geopolitics
Page Range:231-237
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:Biden; Black Sea; Bulgaria; China; Erdogan; Georgia; Romania; Putin; Russia; Turkey; Ukraine; USA
Summary/Abstract:The article is an attempt to analyze the American policy in the Black Sea region in relation to the events in Ukraine that occurred in this country after 2014, and especially after the start of the military conflict in the former Soviet republic, inspired by the intervention of the United States in the internal affairs of official Kyiv. A brief review of the naval potential of the Black Sea states is made to outline the balance of power in the Black Sea. Attention was also paid to the Montreux Convention, as well as to Turkey's intention to build the so-called „Istanbul Canal“. Based on these and other circumstances, an analysis of American policy in the region has been synthesized - the countries that move in parallel with it are listed, the methods of its implementation are indicated, some predictions are made about the result of state dominance in countries such as Bulgaria, Georgia and Romania etc. The measures taken by Russia and Turkey to maintain their influence in the Black Sea are also summarized in a concise but clear form.

Етноси и религии през призмата на сигурността

Етноси и религии през призмата на сигурността
(Religions, ethnicities and security)

Author(s):Kostadin Vasilev Yazov
Language:English, Bulgarian
Subject(s):Theology and Religion, Security and defense, Inter-Ethnic Relations, Politics and Identity, Peace and Conflict Studies
Page Range:238-245
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:religion; ethnicity; community; security
Summary/Abstract:All the continents of the Earth, as well as Bulgaria as a separate country, are inhabited by different ethnic communities. Since the existence of human civilization, people belonging to different ethnic communities have faced a serious dilemma, how to live in cohabitation and protect their territories. Very often in history conflicts have arisen due to differences and ethnic attitudes in various communities. If religious differences are added to the ethnic ones, then the interactions between the individual communities become more complicated and sometimes impossible. This, in turn, it rise conflicts, which we also witness in the modern world. The interaction and integration of people from different communities, characterized by distinct characteristics, could be beneficial for the peace and security, both in a separate country and in the whole world. The objective of the report is to examine unifying features of the individual ethnicities through the prism of security.

Политиката за участие на държавата в публичните предприятия

Политиката за участие на държавата в публичните предприятия
(The policy of state participation in public enterprises)

Author(s):Rositsa Roumenova Rogova
Language:English, Bulgarian
Subject(s):National Economy, Government/Political systems, Security and defense, Human Resources in Economy
Page Range:246-249
No. of Pages:4
Keywords:healthcare; public enterprises; competitions; sole owner of capital and control; security
Summary/Abstract:The article aims to consider the Policy on state participation in public enterprises under the new Public Enterprises Act and the Implementing Regulations of the Public Enterprises Act.

Способи за събиране и изследване на веществени доказателства в наказателното производство

Способи за събиране и изследване на веществени доказателства в наказателното производство
(Methods of collecting and examining physical evidence in criminal proceedings)

Author(s):Chavdar Petrov Groshev
Language:English, Bulgarian
Subject(s):Criminal Law, Methodology and research technology, Criminology, Victimology
Page Range:250-255
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:methods of proof; pre-trial phase; judicial practice
Summary/Abstract:The article discusses the ways in which it is possible to collect material evidence. Attention was also paid to their research in the pre-trial phase. Case law is also indicated.

Международная церковная деятельность по проблемам терроризма и антитерроризма

Международная церковная деятельность по проблемам терроризма и антитерроризма
(International church activity on the problems of terrorism and anti-terrorism)

Author(s):Petar Grigorov Gramatikov
Language:English, Russian
Subject(s):Theology and Religion, Security and defense
Page Range:256-261
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:ecumenism; dialogue; terrorism; anti-terrorism; cooperation
Summary/Abstract:Ecumenism aims at the realization of a dialogue between all Christians in the wide and diverse world – to eliminate enmity between Christians of different confessions, to strengthen peace and understanding, to overcome disagreements, to triumph in mutual trust. Strengthening the role of churches in seeking and realizing peace in the world, as violence against unarmed and innocent civilians for political or religious purposes by state or non-state perpetrators cannot be justified in any legal, theological or ethical way.

Образованието – фактор за преодоляване на междуетническите различия и гарант за устойчивото развитие на националната сигурност

Образованието – фактор за преодоляване на междуетническите различия и гарант за устойчивото развитие на националната сигурност
(Education – a factor for overcoming inter-ethnic differences and a guarantee for the sustainable development of national security)

Author(s):Mihail Ivanov Mihaylov
Language:English, Bulgarian
Subject(s):Education, Security and defense, Inter-Ethnic Relations
Page Range:262-268
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:education; security; ethnicity; societal security
Summary/Abstract:In the conditions of a networked society, digital economy and the entry of artificial intelligence into all areas of public life, our nation more than ever needs educated, knowledgeable and qualified Bulgarian citizens, who are the main pillar of security and ethnic peace. Education and upbringing form morals, competencies and knowledge about labor and social activities in society, national identity, tolerance, respect, civil culture, awareness of responsibility, which are the foundations of ethnic peace. Security is knowledge and only educated and knowledgeable people can face any kind of challenges and overcome them.

Инфлацията и натискът ѝ в контекста на фискалната сигурност

Инфлацията и натискът ѝ в контекста на фискалната сигурност
(Inflation and its pressures in the context of fiscal security)

Author(s):Boyko Mitkov Petev
Language:English, Bulgarian
Subject(s):Security and defense, Financial Markets, Public Finances, Accounting - Business Administration
Page Range:269-273
No. of Pages:5
Keywords:inflation; pressure; threat; fiscal; security
Summary/Abstract:Controlling the pressure of inflation, which is a serious threat to the economic and fiscal security not only in Bulgaria, but also in the other EU member countries, necessitates taking a system of measures. Inflationary pressure is a process that affects the economies of countries and the lives of every citizen and threatens their financial security.

Данъчно облагане на доходи на чуждестранни физически лица от продажба на недвижими имоти на територията на Република България – проблеми, рискове и влияние върху данъчната сигурност на държавата

Данъчно облагане на доходи на чуждестранни физически лица от продажба на недвижими имоти на територията на Република България – проблеми, рискове и влияние върху данъчната сигурност на държавата
(Taxation of foreign natural persons' income from real estate sales in the territory of the Republic of Bulgaria – problems, risks and impact on the tax security of the state)

Author(s):Nedyalka Ivanova Petrova
Language:English, Bulgarian
Subject(s):Constitutional Law, Security and defense, Fiscal Politics / Budgeting, Commercial Law
Page Range:274-280
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:taxation; foreign persons; income; real estate; tax security
Summary/Abstract:The report analyses the taxation of foreign persons' income from real estate sales on the territory of the Republic of Bulgaria and the problems that arise in practice. It focuses on the risks and the impact on the tax security of the country in relation to the topic. Attention is paid to the court practice and the practice of the National Revenue Agency (NRA).

Социално-икономически аспекти на имигрантите и техните организации в район Южен Централен на България 2008 – 2012 г.

Социално-икономически аспекти на имигрантите и техните организации в район Южен Централен на България 2008 – 2012 г.
(Socio-economic aspects of immigrants and their organizations in the South-Central region of Bulgaria 2008-2012)

Author(s):Vesselin Panov Loulanski
Language:English, Bulgarian
Subject(s):Rural and urban sociology, Migration Studies, Human Resources in Economy, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:281-289
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:economic profile of immigrants; integration of immigrants
Summary/Abstract:The present report represents a study of civil society structures in the integration processes of immigrants in the South Central region of Bulgaria within the framework of state policy in the field of migration, asylum and integration.

Управление на риска при акцизните задължения като част от фискалната сигурност

Управление на риска при акцизните задължения като част от фискалната сигурност
(Risk management of excise duties as part of fiscal security)

Author(s):Boyko Mitkov Petev
Language:English, Bulgarian
Subject(s):Security and defense, Public Finances, Fiscal Politics / Budgeting, Accounting - Business Administration
Page Range:290-296
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:management; risk; excise; fiscal; security
Summary/Abstract:Risk management of the development of customs administrations requires systematic monitoring, reporting and accounting of the status of the process. Only in this way can it be monitored, while the risks are managed successfully, if the implemented measures reduce the risks and contribute to the achievement of the objectives. This ensures transparency and traceability in risk management and the activity as a whole.

Политическата криза в България 2021 – 2023 г.

Политическата криза в България 2021 – 2023 г.
(The political crisis in Bulgaria 2021-2023)

Author(s):Ivan Stoychev Vinarov
Language:English, Bulgarian
Subject(s):Government/Political systems, Security and defense, Electoral systems
Page Range:297-304
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:electoral cycle; meta-electoral cycle; parliamentary elections; political crisis; presidential elections
Summary/Abstract:In the spring of 2021, only the fourth four-year rule of Republic of Bulgaria came to an end. After Ivan Kostov (1997-2001), Simeon Saxe-Coburg Gotha (2001-2005) and Sergey Stanishev (2005-2009), the third cabinet of Boyko Borisov (2017-2021) kept the executive power in its allotted 4-year and closed the regular electoral cycle for holding parliamentary elections. But the change in public attitudes and the unforeseen dynamics of the political process after the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic and the protests of the summer of 2020 lead to the emergence of another political crisis in Bulgaria, from which there is still no prospect of exit (despite the drafting of „the rotation cabinet“ of N. Denkov and M. Gabriel at the beginning of the June 2023).

Антикорупционна политика в здравеопазването

Антикорупционна политика в здравеопазването
(Anti-corruption policy in healthcare)

Author(s):Emilia Angelova Kasova
Language:English, Bulgarian
Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Health and medicine and law, Corruption - Transparency - Anti-Corruption
Page Range:305-308
No. of Pages:4
Keywords:corruption; lobbying; structures; healthcare
Summary/Abstract:The problems related to the anti-corruption policy in health care are related to clarifying the main factors and characteristics of public health. Another important direction is the creation of conditions for improving people's quality of life. The existing system of health control of the manufacturers and distributors of medicines, consumables and medical equipment and of the providers of health services to the population, acquires special importance. It is necessary to observe the modern principles and a new modern approach of health care control.

Стереотипи на културната интерпретация. Предизвикателства на културните различия в съвременното българско общество

Стереотипи на културната интерпретация. Предизвикателства на културните различия в съвременното българско общество
(Stereotypes of cultural interpretation. Challenges of cultural differences in modern Bulgarian society)

Author(s):Diana Ivanova Petrova
Language:English, Bulgarian
Subject(s):Sociology of Culture, Inter-Ethnic Relations, Globalization, Politics and Identity, Identity of Collectives, Asylum, Refugees, Migration as Policy-fields
Page Range:309-313
No. of Pages:5
Keywords:globalization; diversity; migration; refugees; cultural trends; community
Summary/Abstract:This article proposes the perception of the „other“ as a response to cultural diversity related to the idea of multiculturalism. In historical perspective and the intensifying globalization processes creating the concept of cultural inequalities are the focus of this article. The geographical location of the Balkans and the instability of the international scene address „collective diversity“ and are a prerequisite for cultural, social and identity continuity. In support of the in-depth analysis on the topic, I conclude with data from a national survey, summarizing the reasons for social distance and discontinuity from of the Bulgarian population compared to the refugees.

Индикатори за измерване на ефективността в здравеопазването

Индикатори за измерване на ефективността в здравеопазването
(Indicators for measuring efficiency in healthcare)

Author(s):Emilia Angelova Kasova
Language:English, Bulgarian
Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Methodology and research technology, Management and complex organizations, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:314-319
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:healthcare efficiency; efficiency analysis; evaluation; decision
Summary/Abstract:In the health system, economic methods are usually applied to analyze and evaluate and measure the role of the influence of health determinants. The application of economic methods using a set of tools in health care is the basis for economic analysis, which serves to evaluate the obtained results and to make management decisions when choosing priorities. This economic analysis supports the formation of health policy and is an indisputable empirical basis that, although insufficient, is necessary.

Ромските гетоизирани градски структури: пространствен конструкт, места за толерантност или за социална изолация на ромите от живота на града

Ромските гетоизирани градски структури: пространствен конструкт, места за толерантност или за социална изолация на ромите от живота на града
(Roma ghettoized urban structures: spatial construct, places for tolerance or social isolation of Roma from city life)

Author(s):Kamelia Petkova Tsvetkova-Nedyalkova
Language:English, Bulgarian
Subject(s):Education, Labor relations, Economic policy, Security and defense, Welfare systems, Methodology and research technology, Inter-Ethnic Relations, Ethnic Minorities Studies, Human Resources in Economy, Socio-Economic Research, Politics and Identity, Identity of Collectives
Page Range:320-326
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:Roma ghettoized structures; Roma community; opportunities; problems; segregation
Summary/Abstract:In recent years, regardless of the reported negative demographic changes in the structure of the population, there has been an increase in the size of the existing Roma ghettoized urban structures, which change, albeit unconsciously, the appearance of several cities and have a significant impact on their development. In the context of European territorial cohesion policies, the view is taken that European cities become places of tolerance and social progress, working towards social cohesion, balance, and integration. Based on a series of in-depth interviews conducted among representatives of the Roma community, educational mediators, non-governmental organizations, and representatives of local authorities in the cities of Lom, Kyustendil and Dobrich within the framework of a project on the topic: „Spatial models of Roma ghettoized urban structures in Bulgaria“. financed by the Scientific Research Fund at the Ministry of Education and Culture, an attempt will be made to answer the research question.

Нормативната уредба на правото на религия в България и някои аспекти на националната сигурност

Нормативната уредба на правото на религия в България и някои аспекти на националната сигурност
(The regulatory framework of the right to religion in Bulgaria and some aspects of national security)

Author(s):Anguel Gueorguiev Anastassov
Language:English, Bulgarian
Subject(s):International Law, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Security and defense, Canon Law / Church Law, EU-Legislation
Page Range:23-29
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:religion; national security; legal regulations; European Court of Human Rights
Summary/Abstract:The report analyzes some important provisions of the legal framework of the right to religion in Bulgaria. The question is whether the exercise of the right to religion affects national security or public order and whether such dependence is legally sustainable. It is accepted that the absence of generally accepted definitions of such key terms affects the legality of certain actions of the national administration. It is concluded that the legal incompatibility of administrative and judicial decisions regarding the exercise of the right to religion leads to possible convictions in the European Court of Human Rights.

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