Our Daily Crime. Collection of Studies
Our Daily Crime. Collection of Studies
Contributor(s): Gordan Ravančić (Editor)
Subject(s): Criminal Law, Local History / Microhistory, Modern Age, Government/Political systems, Criminology, 13th to 14th Centuries, Pre-WW I & WW I (1900 -1919), WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), Post-War period (1950 - 1989), History of Communism, Inter-Ethnic Relations, Ethnic Minorities Studies, Penal Policy
Published by: Hrvatski institut za povijest
Keywords: crime; Croatia; Balkans; history;
Summary/Abstract: This is a collection of studies trying to reveal various types of crimes and social responses to them, embracing relatively large time framework from medieval times up to our recent history. At the same time it has to be emphasized that analyzed cases and types of crimes do not reflect the most common and the most typical crimes throughout the history. Analyzed topics vary from questions regarding petty and violent crimes up to feuds in pre-modern societies, across problems of dealing with crime in the cities during the modernization processes, up to the perception, definition and usage of crime in turbulent times of defining the socialistic state and later during the Homeland War in Croatia.
- Print-ISBN-13: 978-953-7840-29-7
- Page Count: 389
- Publication Year: 2014
- Language: English, Italian
Faida e vendetta tra consuetudini e riti processuali nell’Europa medievale e moderna. Un approccio antropologico-giuridico
Faida e vendetta tra consuetudini e riti processuali nell’Europa medievale e moderna. Un approccio antropologico-giuridico
(Feud and revenge between customs and procedural rites in medieval and modern Europe. An anthropological-juridical approach)
- Author(s):Claudio Povolo
- Language:Italian
- Subject(s):History of Law, Criminal Law, Middle Ages, Peace and Conflict Studies, Comparative Law
- Page Range:9-57
- No. of Pages:49
- Keywords:revenge; legal system; customs; Middle Ages; modern age;
- Summary/Abstract:La messa in discussione della vendetta, intesa come vero e proprio sistema giuridico e culturale che regolamentava l’organizzazione dei conflitti e si poneva come strumento essenziale di controllo sociale, fu un fenomeno di grande portata che interessò gran parte dei paesi europei. Un fenomeno che si rifl esse apertamente sul piano pubblicistico e retorico nell’aperta condanna rivolta nei confronti delle azioni violente che manifestavano palesemente gli aspetti di ritorsione, ma di cui per lo più si evitava esplicitamente di sottolineare il contesto culturale e ideologico che non solo le aveva originate, ma ne costituiva pure il presupposto essenziale.
- Price: 4.90 €
On cutting off noses and pulling out beards: Face as a medium of crime and punishment in medieval Dubrovnik
On cutting off noses and pulling out beards: Face as a medium of crime and punishment in medieval Dubrovnik
(On cutting off noses and pulling out beards: Face as a medium of crime and punishment in medieval Dubrovnik)
- Author(s):Nella Lonza
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Criminal Law, Local History / Microhistory, Criminology, 13th to 14th Centuries, 15th Century, Penal Policy
- Page Range:59-72
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:crime; Dubrovnik; Middle Ages; mutilation; body; nose; beard; symbolism; gender;
- Summary/Abstract:In historiography dealing with criminality, much has been written on punishment as a social message communicated in various ways, among other things, by using a convict’s body as a medium (face branding, mutilation, etc.). By analysing the criminal procedures of medieval Dubrovnik and comparative material from Dalmatia and other European communities, the author poses an inverse question and investigates how the offender sometimes used the victim’s body as a medium for conveying his “message”. Hair cropping (and related forced removal of female headgear), pulling out of the beard, and nose amputation may be referred to as “coded crimes” because accent was given to symbolism over the bodily injury and pain. Sharing the same value system, the victim and his social environment could easily “read” the offender’s message from such a crime.
- Price: 4.90 €
Rhythm of crime in a medieval city – example of Dubrovnik
Rhythm of crime in a medieval city – example of Dubrovnik
(Rhythm of crime in a medieval city – example of Dubrovnik)
- Author(s):Gordan Ravančić
- Language:English
- Subject(s):History of Law, Criminal Law, Local History / Microhistory, Criminology, 15th Century, Penal Policy
- Page Range:73-102
- No. of Pages:30
- Keywords:crime; Dubrovnik; medieval; everyday life;
- Summary/Abstract:If we observe the crime as an integral part of the social reality, then we certainly have to bear in minds its changing phases and its general incorporation into a wider picture of social movements. Therefore, my intent is to demonstrate in which way crimes have (not) followed the rhythms of labor, leisure, and public celebrations of medieval Dubrovnik, especially regarding their typology and frequency. Thus, the analysis includes crime distribution in relation to the location where the wrongdoing has occurred, together with investigation of social provenance of perpetrators and victims within this cheerless statistic of everyday life. Given the fact that the total number of the extant criminal records of the medieval Dubrovnik would be too huge “bite” for a case study of this kind, author analyzes preserved judicial records from only one year (1415).
- Price: 4.90 €
Criminal offenses and violence in medieval Kotor (1326 - 1337)
Criminal offenses and violence in medieval Kotor (1326 - 1337)
(Criminal offenses and violence in medieval Kotor (1326 - 1337))
- Author(s):Valentina Živković
- Language:English
- Subject(s):History of Law, Criminal Law, Local History / Microhistory, Criminology, Studies in violence and power, 13th to 14th Centuries, Penal Policy
- Page Range:103-118
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:Kotor; medieval society; criminal justice; Buon Comune; violence; deprivation of freedom;
- Summary/Abstract:The topic of the paper is the analysis of the types of criminal offenses mentioned in the earliest preserved judicial notary documents of Kotor (1326 - 1337), and which are defined and sanctioned by the Statute of Kotor. Protection of interests of the community and principles of good administration were the priorities upon which the criminal justice system of Kotor was based. On the other hand, protection of private property was the most common topic because of which civil litigations were initiated.
- Price: 4.90 €
“Our daily crime” seen through the letters and notes of Venetian government representatives in the communes of Brač and Omiš (16th – 18th c.)
“Our daily crime” seen through the letters and notes of Venetian government representatives in the communes of Brač and Omiš (16th – 18th c.)
(“Our daily crime” seen through the letters and notes of Venetian government representatives in the communes of Brač and Omiš (16th – 18th c.))
- Author(s):Lovorka Čoralić
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Local History / Microhistory, Modern Age, Criminology, Studies in violence and power, Penal Policy, Source Material
- Page Range:119-134
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:Republic of Venice; Dalmatia; Omiš; Brač; Council of Ten; archival material; crime; exiles; violence; early modern period;
- Summary/Abstract:The central topic of the paper is focused on research of material from the archival series Capi del Consiglio de’ Dieci: Lettere di Rettori e di altre cariche (Archivio di Stato di Venezia) which contains letters, notes, and reports written by Venetian government representatives in the communes of Brač and Omiš for the Venetian Council of Ten from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century. The research is focused on the prevalence of offenses, incidents, and crimes in the stated material and, considering the historical circumstances and difference in development of those two communes, a comparative analysis of examples by their categories (minor offenses, exiles, verbal incidents, physical violence, murders, etc.) has been made.
- Price: 4.90 €
Social perception and legal treatment of offenses out of necessity
Social perception and legal treatment of offenses out of necessity
(Social perception and legal treatment of offenses out of necessity)
- Author(s):Dragica Čeč
- Language:English
- Subject(s):History of Law, Criminal Law, Criminology, 19th Century, Penal Policy
- Page Range:135-163
- No. of Pages:29
- Keywords:thefts by necessity; Higher Criminal Court in Klagenfurt (Appellations- und Kriminal- Obergericht); subsistence crises; collective fear; Habsburg Monarchy;
- Summary/Abstract:Most scientific research dealing with the topic of minor offenses out of necessity follow either Thompson’s idea of collective and organized moral economy of the (working class) masses, thus focusing on the revolt of the hungry, a characteristic of urban settings (of England and France). In political settings where the urban daily routine was not determined by the revolts of the hungry, the majority of research focuses on the mythicized forms of unorganized social rebel, living on the edge of society. The scope of this article is limited to the phenomenon of (minor) theft in times of hardship by linking both older theoretical concepts and significantly complementing them especially when addressing the issue of individual and collective perception of crimes (offenses) by necessity.
- Price: 4.90 €
“A Gypsy is just different from any cultured man”. A discourse on the criminalisation of Gypsies with special reference to criminologist Hans Gross’s racist views
“A Gypsy is just different from any cultured man”. A discourse on the criminalisation of Gypsies with special reference to criminologist Hans Gross’s racist views
(“A Gypsy is just different from any cultured man”. A discourse on the criminalisation of Gypsies with special reference to criminologist Hans Gross’s racist views)
- Author(s):Andrej Studen
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Criminology, Ethnic Minorities Studies
- Page Range:165-181
- No. of Pages:17
- Keywords:Gypsies; Roma people; criminalization; Hans Gross; public opinion;
- Summary/Abstract:Author discusses attitudes regarding Gipsy problem, since they constantly (because of their nomadic style of life) had various disputes with local authorities. They were often regarded as “vermin”, “thieves and crooks”, who use their crafts mainly as an excuse for thefts and beggary. For a long time misfits Gypsies lived on the margins of society; even at the turn of the nineteenth to twentieth century they refused to live according standards of a modern state. Thus, they predominantly lived out of any statehood or law system, usually perceived as stateless, jobless vagabonds and criminals. Such a criminal image / identity of Gypsies resulted with frequent criminal prosecution of this “provincial pest”. Consequently, their nomadic style of life became their “Achilles heel”, since they were frequently arrested, intimidated and put on forced labor exactly because of their way of life. Public opinion towards Gypsies as criminals was modeled according the contemporary newspapers. Moreover, even some scientists considered Roma people as a type of criminals. Namely, Hans Gross, father of modern criminology, in his study Handbuch für Untersuchungsrichter (1893), have shifted analysis of moral characteristics of a criminal – almost in racists manner - in a specter of “ethnically defined group of Gypsies”. Consequently, Gross morally stigmatizes Gypsies in his detail analysis of their criminal characteristics.
- Price: 4.90 €
Crime Rate/Criminal Acts in the City of Zagreb from 1887 until 1912. Based on the Report of the City Council
Crime Rate/Criminal Acts in the City of Zagreb from 1887 until 1912. Based on the Report of the City Council
(Crime Rate/Criminal Acts in the City of Zagreb from 1887 until 1912. Based on the Report of the City Council)
- Author(s):Zoran Grijak, Milan Vrbanus
- Language:English
- Subject(s):History of Law, Criminal Law, Criminology, 19th Century, Pre-WW I & WW I (1900 -1919), Penal Policy
- Page Range:183-233
- No. of Pages:51
- Keywords:Zagreb; Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia; structure of criminal offenses and misdemeanours; perpetrators according to gender; police service; efficiency of the repressive apparatus; Janka - Šilović;
- Summary/Abstract:The following paper analyzes the structure of crimes committed in the city of Zagreb from 1887 until 1912 based on the annual Reports of the City Council of the Free and Royal City of Zagreb. The abovementioned reports provide a detailed insight into the structure and number of criminal offenses and misdemeanours, as well as the type of these misdemeanours, offenses, and other criminal acts reported to the police authorities according to the Criminal Law of the Kingdoms of Croatia and Slavonia. In the course of the authors’ analysis of the collected data on criminal and minor offenses, quantitative methods were applied which in turn provided valuable insights into the trends pertaining to their number during the observed period. With the use of quantitative methods, it has been established that there were no major effects of the increase in population on the trends of the number of criminal and minor offenses, which means that rapid urbanization of the city did not have a significant impact on the rise of law-breaking. Further analysis of the gender of the perpetrators of criminal offenses and misdemeanours has confirmed existing observations on the inferior position of women in society of that period as a contributing factor to their smaller representation among perpetrators of most felonies. Furthermore, with the use of quantitative methods, a decrease in efficiency of the Police Service in terms of discovering most of the felonies has been determined, even though a high degree of efficiency was still maintained in detecting certain categories of felonies.
- Price: 4.90 €
The crimes of minors in the cases of the Royal court table in Osijek
The crimes of minors in the cases of the Royal court table in Osijek
(The crimes of minors in the cases of the Royal court table in Osijek)
- Author(s):Dubravka Božić Bogović
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Criminal Law, Local History / Microhistory, Criminology, Demography and human biology, Interwar Period (1920 - 1939), WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), Penal Policy
- Page Range:235-255
- No. of Pages:21
- Keywords:Royal court table in Osijek; District court in Osijek; Penal code; criminal cases; younger minor; crimes of younger minors;
- Summary/Abstract:Author analyzes misdemeanors and crimes of younger minors, contained in criminal cases from the archive fund of the Royal court table in Osijek, which were conducted by the District court in Osijek from 1930 to 1945. Moreover, author has attempted to determine the patterns in which the social environment and family, proprietary, and other conditions have affected the offenders, and relate them to specific causes and motives. Similarly, the society’s response to misdemeanors and crimes is investigated through the analysis of sanctions and other measures were taken against underage offenders.
- Price: 4.90 €
General criminality in the Independent State of Croatia
General criminality in the Independent State of Croatia
(General criminality in the Independent State of Croatia)
- Author(s):Davor Kovačić
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Criminal Law, Government/Political systems, Criminology, Studies in violence and power, WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), Penal Policy
- Page Range:257-278
- No. of Pages:22
- Keywords:Independent State of Croatia; crime; police; gendarmerie; Central state office for suppression of criminality; murders; thefts; frauds;
- Summary/Abstract:In paper, based on the archival material and contemporary press, various types of crime are presented and numerical data on the status of general criminality in the Independent State of Croatia (NDH) is provided. According to statistical data published by the police authorities of NDH, the status of criminality in NDH was satisfactory, especially considering the contemporary war circumstances. Difficult economic circumstances were a convenient environment for commission of criminal offenses. Thefts, frauds, robberies, and murder for personal gain were often motivated by fear for one’s own existence.
- Price: 4.90 €
Intrusion in Yugoslavian monetary system in 1946 by counterfeiting dinar banknotes of DF Yugoslavia (1944) or an example of how an economic crime has been declared a political crime
Intrusion in Yugoslavian monetary system in 1946 by counterfeiting dinar banknotes of DF Yugoslavia (1944) or an example of how an economic crime has been declared a political crime
(Intrusion in Yugoslavian monetary system in 1946 by counterfeiting dinar banknotes of DF Yugoslavia (1944) or an example of how an economic crime has been declared a political crime)
- Author(s):Vladimir Geiger
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Criminal Law, Economic history, Criminology, WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), Law on Economics
- Page Range:279-293
- No. of Pages:15
- Keywords:money counterfeiting; DF Yugoslavia; economic crime; political crime;
- Summary/Abstract:Intrusions in monetary systems by money counterfeiting are mostly conducted by individuals or groups motivated by acquiring illegal benefits. Despite strict legal sanctions stipulated for counterfeiting and uttering of counterfeit money in all legislations, occurrence of forgeries is frequent. Many various, more or less successful forgeries of Yugoslavian banknotes in the period of “people’s democracy” are known. The best-known case is one related to “enemies of New Yugoslavia” who have counterfeited a significant amount of dinar banknotes of Democratic Federal Yugoslavia (1944 editions) in 1946 in Trieste, Italy, thereby, according to the Yugoslavian authorities, attempting to endanger the Yugoslavian monetary system. Counterfeits of the 1000 dinar banknote of DF Yugoslavia (1944) were successful, and a decision to withdraw those banknotes was made at the beginning of 1947. On counterfeits of dinar banknotes of DF Yugoslavia (1944) from 1945/1946, much information is known to us from criminal and numismatic literature, published archival documents, and released copies of counterfeit banknotes from police and numismatic collections. However, many details about stated forgeries and the judicial procedure against the counterfeiters, i.e. those who uttered the counterfeits, most of whom were arrested in Yugoslavia, mostly on Croatian territory, is insufficiently known and researched. The paper also explains how the Croatian/Yugoslavian justice system has sanctioned economic crime and presented it to the public as a political crime through press in 1946.
- Price: 4.90 €
“Comrade Tito, help!” Letters of prisoners and in favor of prisoners addressed to authorities of communist Yugoslavia as a historical source
“Comrade Tito, help!” Letters of prisoners and in favor of prisoners addressed to authorities of communist Yugoslavia as a historical source
(“Comrade Tito, help!” Letters of prisoners and in favor of prisoners addressed to authorities of communist Yugoslavia as a historical source)
- Author(s):Josip Mihaljević
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Criminal Law, Government/Political systems, Penology, WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), Post-War period (1950 - 1989), History of Communism, Penal Policy
- Page Range:295-346
- No. of Pages:52
- Keywords:prisoners; letters; Yugoslavia; government; Josip Broz Tito; communism; socialism;
- Summary/Abstract:The author analyzes letters written by prisoners, detainees, and their relatives to authorities of the communist Yugoslavia. Today, these letters are being kept as archival material, and the author has analyzed the material of several archives in Belgrade and Zagreb. By using content and discourse analysis, it is revealed who were the authors of these letters, what was being asked for in the letters and in which way, and to which addresses were the authors reaching out to, as well as what was the attitude of authorities towards individuals addressing them in letters. With this paper, the author endeavors to present values of the aforementioned historical sources for researching social history and history of everyday life of the communist Yugoslavia, as well as the functionality of the historical-anthropological approach to research of history of the second half of the 20th century. In the appendix, the author provides several letters, mostly in the form of facsimiles.
- Price: 4.90 €
“Watch out, UNPROFOR!” – some observations on criminal and unprofessional conduct of peacekeeping forces of United Nations in Croatia
“Watch out, UNPROFOR!” – some observations on criminal and unprofessional conduct of peacekeeping forces of United Nations in Croatia
(“Watch out, UNPROFOR!” – some observations on criminal and unprofessional conduct of peacekeeping forces of United Nations in Croatia)
- Author(s):Ivica Miškulin
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Criminal Law, Military history, Security and defense, Criminology, Studies in violence and power, Transformation Period (1990 - 2010), Peace and Conflict Studies
- Page Range:347-383
- No. of Pages:37
- Keywords:UNPROFOR; UNCRO; UN; crime; unprofessional behavior; peacekeeping; Republic of Croatia; Croatian War of Independence;
- Summary/Abstract:In the paper, based on the available sources and contemporary periodical publications, the author analyzes different aspects of criminal and unprofessional conduct of members of United Nations (UN) peace troops in Croatia. It is determined how a whole sequence of factors affected such aspects of conduct of blue helmets: total problematic of the peacekeeping operation (with a special emphasis on its execution), particularities of areas of deployment (with a special emphasis on the material situation of occupied territories), level of equipment, training, and self-discipline of certain national contingents of peacekeeping forces, and possibilities of activity of UN and command of peacekeeping forces administrations. Chosen aspects of criminal and unprofessional conduct of members of peacekeeping forces of UN have been analyzed thematically, i.e. separated into separate entities.
- Price: 4.90 €