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Proceedings of the 34th International RAIS Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities Cover Image

Proceedings of the 34th International RAIS Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities
Proceedings of the 34th International RAIS Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities

Contributor(s): Nicoleta-Elena Hegheș (Editor)
Subject(s): Media studies, Business Economy / Management, Criminal Law, International Law, Higher Education , Economic development, Environmental interactions, ICT Information and Communications Technologies, Inclusive Education / Inclusion, EU-Legislation
ISSN: 2578-8574
Published by: Scientia Moralitas Research Institute
Keywords: Social Sciences; Law; Constitution; Jurisprudence; Criminal Law; Human Rights and Humanitarian Law; Social differentiation; Economic development; EU-Legislation
Summary/Abstract: This publication presents the proceedings of the 34th International RAIS Conference on SocialSciences and Humanities held at at American University in Washington DC, USA, onNovember 16-17, 2023.

  • E-ISBN-13: 978-1-945298-59-2
  • Page Count: 224
  • Publication Year: 2023
  • Language: English
Assessing Contemporary Media Literacy Journey, Challenges, and Achievements in the Age of Misinformation and Fake News

Assessing Contemporary Media Literacy Journey, Challenges, and Achievements in the Age of Misinformation and Fake News
(Assessing Contemporary Media Literacy Journey, Challenges, and Achievements in the Age of Misinformation and Fake News)

  • Author(s):Hadiza Wada
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Media studies, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
  • Page Range:1-11
  • No. of Pages:11
  • Keywords:Media literacy; new media effects; media education; social media effects;
  • Summary/Abstract:The contemporary realities of media production and use have brought about the need for media literacy, which has emerged as a subject matter in both the academics and public square. The popularity and pervasiveness of user-generated content in the form of citizen journalism, social media, alternative media, and others have invaded the once professionally processed information, whose sources are known and vetted by proud and logo-embossed media outlets. The result has forced on the world the need to train consumers of media content to become literate and discern for themselves the facts from the lies and the useful from the useless. This paper analyzes the causes that made media literacy binding, its methodology, and most directly, the need for a review of journalism education content and processes to match the contemporary mindset of the digital generation of students.
The Endowment Effect and Self-Determination as Drivers of Co-Creation Online

The Endowment Effect and Self-Determination as Drivers of Co-Creation Online
(The Endowment Effect and Self-Determination as Drivers of Co-Creation Online)

  • Author(s):Julia M. Puaschunder
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):ICT Information and Communications Technologies, Business Ethics
  • Page Range:12-17
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:Co-creation online; Economics; Endowment Effect; Law & Economics; Luxury; Online; Self-determined Decisions; Virtual Markets;
  • Summary/Abstract:One of the most studied behavioral economics effects is the endowment effect. If people are asked to pay for a normal good (e.g., like a mug or pen), the price they offer tends to be lower than if they are given the same good and asked for what price they are willing to sell the good. The endowment effect is believed to stem from the value imbued in possession and the expectation to hold onto the possession once a good is acquired. The psychological effect of self-determination on the motivation of people has been studied in psychology for a long time. Self-determined decisions hold positive advantages of people getting a positive boost from their own volition. Self-determined people tend to follow with through their plans and work longer and better on tasks than those who just fulfill externally-imposed goals. The endowment effect and self-determined decisions may underlie the fascination of co-creation online. Online luxury worlds have been booming in the last decade. Virtual co-creation in homepages, blogs, social online media and video self-streaming platforms has created a new source of social and monetary value as never before in the history of humankind. Social online media influencers are now one of the most prominent career choices in the upcoming generation. This paper attempts to connect the endowment effect with self-determined co-creation online effects, which appears to take the economy over by storm. The paper offers a first glimpse of the new phenomenon. Human rights online and ethical predicament in internet markets will be discussed, as well as future research avenues on the topic.
How COVID-19 Pandemic has Impacted the Supply Chain in the Electronics Industry

How COVID-19 Pandemic has Impacted the Supply Chain in the Electronics Industry
(How COVID-19 Pandemic has Impacted the Supply Chain in the Electronics Industry)

  • Author(s):Christopher Lim
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):ICT Information and Communications Technologies, Socio-Economic Research
  • Page Range:18-25
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:electronics; manufacturing; supply chain; outsourcing; lean;
  • Summary/Abstract:For many decades, a relatively stable supply chain has endured for global industries. The Thailand floods, Japan’s Tsunami leading to a nuclear plant leak in 2011, and Iceland’s volcano eruption in the same year severely disrupted the global supply chain with the electronics manufacturing companies, but only for a short period of time. These natural disasters were confined to certain geographical sectors and the operational interruptions were short-lived. The COVID-19 pandemic has, however, presented companies with a radical set of challenges that will require a transformational shift in the supply chain strategy and operations management for all industries. By associating the VUCA (Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity, Ambiguity) theoretical framework with the global supply chain challenges experienced in the COVID-19 pandemic, research hypotheses regarding future supply chain strategies for the electronics and semi-conductor industry players were developed and tested. Sample data was gathered with industry practitioners utilizing a convenience sampling. The results demonstrate that industry practitioners, research institutions, and the Biden administration have touted the need to re-shore manufacturing and reduce dependency on foreign countries. Outsourcing decisions justified through a cost-benefit-risk analysis must constantly be applied. Just-In-Time (JIT) and Lean, a prevalent strategy, has turned into an Achilles heel during the COVID-19 pandemic times. The trade-off analysis to maintain a safety stock of critical components has become an essential variable for decision-making. Single-sourcing is abhorred, while multiple-sourcing supported by increased data visibility with effective ERP systems has become a strategic imperative. Partnerships with vendors, suppliers, logistics providers, and all stakeholders must be strengthened and continuously enhanced in the VUCA supply chain for the years to come. The primary takeaway from the research is that top management and supply chain leaders must focus their efforts on building an agile and resilient global supply chain network as the days of relying on offshore manufacturing and an absolute JIT and Lean strategy is behind us.
EU-US Agreement on Combating Cybercrime

EU-US Agreement on Combating Cybercrime
(EU-US Agreement on Combating Cybercrime)

  • Author(s):Simona Franguloiu, Nicoleta-Elena Hegheș
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Criminal Law, EU-Legislation
  • Page Range:26-30
  • No. of Pages:5
  • Keywords:cybercrime; EU-US agreement; international judicial cooperation;
  • Summary/Abstract:Combating and preventing the commission of particularly serious offences, especially those related to cybercrime, requires a tailored response, which means making prevention work more effective, through the work of bodies and institutions with specific powers in this area, but also of judicial bodies that must cooperate, so that the existence of international instruments has become an absolute necessity. These are intended to strengthen international judicial cooperation (in addition to other activities) by coordinating efforts and actions to dismantle organized crime groups. Given the importance of electronic evidence in the investigation and prosecution of offenders in this area, in June 2019, the Council authorized the European Commission to start the procedure to start negotiating an agreement on behalf of the EU with the US on access to and collection of electronic evidence, negotiations which are ongoing. Of course, the subject matter of the agreement and the negotiated clauses are not public at the moment, but the European Commission regularly informs the Council on the state of these negotiations, so we intend to highlight the advantages of concluding this agreement as soon as possible from the perspective of international judicial cooperation.
Notion of Academic Freedom – Recent Study in Georgian Higher Educational Space

Notion of Academic Freedom – Recent Study in Georgian Higher Educational Space
(Notion of Academic Freedom – Recent Study in Georgian Higher Educational Space)

  • Author(s):Ekaterine Bakaradze
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Higher Education , Inclusive Education / Inclusion
  • Page Range:31-40
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:academic freedom; higher education; university; academic community, law;
  • Summary/Abstract:Academic freedom is a fundamental principle of higher education, essential for the advancement of knowledge and the preparation of students for the challenges of the 21st century. It is important to protect academic freedom and to ensure that academic and administrative personnel, as well as students, are able to exercise their freedom without fear of reprisal. Academic freedom is guaranteed by the Constitution of Georgia, the Law of Georgia on Higher Education, accreditation and authorization standards. However, university community and organizations have different understandings of academic freedom. This can make it difficult to assess whether or not academic freedom is being protected or limited in a particular case. Accordingly, the research aims to clarify the meaning of academic freedom based on the Law of Georgia on Higher Education and identifies some of the challenges that need to be addressed to ensure that academic freedom is protected or limited in practice. The paper argues that academic freedom should be understood as the right of academic and administrative personnel, as well as students, to teach, research, and publish without fear of censorship or reprisal. The author suggests that more needs to be done to educate academic community and administrators about the meaning of academic freedom and how it can be protected. The paper concludes that academic freedom is a guarantor of innovation in educational institutions, which ensures that ideas dictated by freedom of thought are implemented by universities, academic, scientific personnel, and students and creates new knowledge.
The Role of Digitalization in the Efficiency of Public Administration

The Role of Digitalization in the Efficiency of Public Administration
(The Role of Digitalization in the Efficiency of Public Administration)

  • Author(s):Doina Mureșan
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Media studies, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
  • Page Range:41-45
  • No. of Pages:5
  • Keywords:advanced technologies; digitization; data storage; communication networks; taxes;
  • Summary/Abstract:The use of technology has steadily increased over the years, however, there is wide variation between people of different ages, with skills higher among younger “digital natives” and lower among older people. The daily use of the Internet among the Romanian population has increased considerably since 2014, proving the increase in the population’s comfort and confidence in using digital technologies and the Internet. Unsurprisingly, the level of digitization among businesses and individuals in Romania differs between regions. The level of digitization is higher in cities than in rural areas and the highest rate is, as expected, in Bucharest, Cluj and the North of the country. Reducing the knowledge and capacity gap between the country's areas can be done through a digitalization plan for the economy, similar to those published by the governments of many other countries, and through the digitalization of the interaction between SMEs and government institutions. The Romanian government is currently going through a significant process of digitizing both its own internal operations and the way it interacts with people and the business environment, for example through electronic signatures and the online takeover of tax-related matters. However, the constraints on government institutions derived from the lack of information determine opportunities for tax avoidance and evasion and inevitably favor compromise. Digitization can help alleviate these constraints in two ways: by implementing more accurate methods to verify the true economic results of taxpayers by connecting information existing in different parts of the tax system or by implementing more sophisticated tax systems.
Visuals of Trauma in Journalism and the Mixing of Methods - Symptomatology of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Trauma Narratives

Visuals of Trauma in Journalism and the Mixing of Methods - Symptomatology of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Trauma Narratives
(Visuals of Trauma in Journalism and the Mixing of Methods - Symptomatology of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Trauma Narratives)

  • Author(s):Lydia Ouma Radoli
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Media studies, Behaviorism
  • Page Range:46-55
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:visuals and trauma; trauma journalism; symptomatology of PTSD; real-life narratives; East African journalists;
  • Summary/Abstract:The paradox of documenting history through gruesome visuals depicting the prominence of stories intrigues media researchers. In East Africa, the topic has been captured in a variety of media frames, but particularly in scholarly work. Using a mixed methods approach this paper examines the relationship between violent visuals and trauma among journalists. It argues that in East Africa, trauma and related psychological effects thrive amid rigid newsroom structures devoid of concrete intervention mechanisms. The scarcity of trauma mitigations is not just an issue in journalism, but in society, as issues of mental health and other deprivations become common. This paper focuses on examining the phenomenon of trauma among journalists who have been exposed to trauma in the line of duty. Using symptomatology of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and real-life narratives as quantitative and qualitative methods, the preliminary results suggest that whereas journalists in East Africa experience adverse effects after exposure to traumatic visuals, there are no potential mitigation strategies in newsrooms to deal with the Trauma Effects. Findings indicate that as the frequency of exposure to violent visuals is intensified so do PTSD symptoms significantly increase among journalists. The study is hinged on the background that the criterion for news production is constructed from the idea that ‘if visuals of violence, conflict, and death are involved, then the story gets top priority. Data collected from Kenya, Rwanda, and Uganda exposes the dire need for alternative strategies for mitigation. The results further predict a correlation between psychological effects and trauma journalism. These findings are relevant for trauma journalists and provide key pointers for mitigation in newsrooms and among journalists.
Considerations regarding the Right of Veto in the Current International Context

Considerations regarding the Right of Veto in the Current International Context
(Considerations regarding the Right of Veto in the Current International Context)

  • Author(s):Dan Cristian
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):International Law, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law
  • Page Range:56-60
  • No. of Pages:5
  • Keywords:right of veto; wars; crimes against humanity; economic factors
  • Summary/Abstract:The military aggressions involving various states in the recent period raise significant and substantial problems regarding the possibility of maintaining a right of veto regarding the intervention in the conflict of some international organizations in order to restore peace. Given that the notion of the right of veto extends to many areas such as the economic, the social, the free passage of goods and services, the possibility of development on the labor market and the military, it cannot be completely abandoned the prerogative of exercising such a right in its entirety. As in the current international context, most of the world’s states have joined or are preparing to join international organizations with economic and security purposes, and these organizations have as principles the granting of the right of veto for decisions regarding international political cooperation and their functioning, it can be admitting the necessity of a division of the prerogatives conferred by the right of veto. The article aims to analyze the essential prerogatives that the right of veto gives to the member states of an international organization and the possibility of maintaining them against the backdrop of military conflicts that have arisen at the international level recently. Conclusions of the paper will aim to determine the sustainability of the right of veto in the current international context.
Elective Monarchy: The Legacy of French Colonization in Cambodia

Elective Monarchy: The Legacy of French Colonization in Cambodia
(Elective Monarchy: The Legacy of French Colonization in Cambodia)

  • Author(s):Nathaporn Thaijongrak
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Government/Political systems, Electoral systems
  • Page Range:61-65
  • No. of Pages:5
  • Keywords:Elective Monarchy; French colonization; Cambodia;
  • Summary/Abstract:The Cambodian monarchy has a long tradition as a symbol of the continuity of the nation. However, it was abolished in the 1970s due to a change in the form of government of the Republic country, and it was reestablished according to the 1993 constitution. The Cambodian monarchy stabilized under French rule. Initially, the French set up the elective monarchy system for Cambodia by colonial authority, in contrast to a hereditary monarchy, which was automatically passed down as a family inheritance. This pattern makes the power succession unusual from Cambodia's royal traditions. The research aims to study the factors and background events in the French colonization period that changed the monarchy system and the result to the Cambodian monarchy until the present day, using historical methods mainly based on primary and secondary documents. The results show that the idea of electing a king put in place by France was considered appropriate, partly because the selection of King Sihanouk to the throne ended quarrels within the royal family over his reign, and in the Constitution 1947 preciously specifies those who have the right to reign. It must be inherited from King Ang Doung, King Norodom, and King Sisowath, chosen by The Royal Council of The Throne, a nine-member council of Cambodia responsible for selecting the Cambodian monarch. When Cambodia became independent, every constitution with a constitutional monarchy regime stipulated the elective Monarchy by insisted on establishing the Royal Council of the Throne.
Several Matters on the Conflict of Interest in the Light of the Administrative Code

Several Matters on the Conflict of Interest in the Light of the Administrative Code
(Several Matters on the Conflict of Interest in the Light of the Administrative Code)

  • Author(s):Elena Emilia Ștefan
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Constitutional Law, Administrative Law
  • Page Range:66-71
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:Administrative Code; conflict of interest; civil servant; National Integrity Agency;
  • Summary/Abstract:Human activity, whether in the public or private sector, must be conducted in full compliance with the law. Persons temporarily holding a public office or a public function have this obligation to comply with the law. In this context, the subject is topical and important both for legal specialists and citizens, who may at some point find themselves performing work in the state apparatus and need to know their obligations to avoid legal sanctions. This paperwork aims to analyze the existing legal framework on the conflict of interest from an interdisciplinary perspective. In order to achieve the proposed scope, the topic is divided into three parts, organized in such a way that the information presented provides as detailed an insight as possible into the subject of conflict of interest. Part I will provide an introduction to the general theme of the topic. Part II will develop the legal regime of conflict of interest from a multidisciplinary, administrative law and criminal law perspective. Part III will briefly exemplify situations of conflicts of interest in the practice of public authorities in order to understand their dynamics, in which the work of the National Integrity Agency and the High Court of Cassation and Justice, Division of the contentious administrative and fiscal, was analyzed.
Criminogenic Approach to the Dimension and Dynamics of Gender-Based Violence: A Particular View on Violence against Women

Criminogenic Approach to the Dimension and Dynamics of Gender-Based Violence: A Particular View on Violence against Women
(Criminogenic Approach to the Dimension and Dynamics of Gender-Based Violence: A Particular View on Violence against Women)

  • Author(s):Carmina-Elena Tolbaru
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Criminal Law, Studies in violence and power, Victimology, EU-Legislation
  • Page Range:72-79
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:gender-based violence; discrimination; protection; Istanbul Convention; Proposal of an EU Directive;
  • Summary/Abstract:Gender-based violence is a challenge of the current society. The discrimination against women in considering the dominant role of men, regarding the position of power, and, at the same time, the emphasis of gender inequalities are factors generating gender-based violence—a phenomenon faced by the whole world-wide society. The right to life, gender equality, prohibition of discrimination on the grounds of sex, protection of physical integrity, and the right to health are fundamental human rights impacted by gender-based violence, safeguarded by many instruments acting at the international level. The Convention of the Council of Europe on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence (the Istanbul Convention) is the reference instrument in matters of combating gender-based violence, campaigning for equality between men and women and for protection of women against all forms of violence. Therefore, we now have a comprehensive legal framework where violence against women is considered a serious violation of human rights and, at the same time, a form of discrimination of women in society. The accelerated increase of gender-based violence made the European Union intensify its efforts against such phenomenon, and therefore, on June 1, 2023, there was the adhesion of the EU to the Istanbul Convention, Decision (EU) 2023/1075 and Decision (EU) 2023/1076, published in the Official Journal of the European Union, L 1431 of June 2, 2023.
Wealth of Ecowellness Biohacking

Wealth of Ecowellness Biohacking
(Wealth of Ecowellness Biohacking)

  • Author(s):Julia M. Puaschunder
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Welfare services
  • Page Range:80-84
  • No. of Pages:5
  • Keywords:Bioasset; Biohacking; Banking; Big data; Economics; Economics of Arts;
  • Summary/Abstract:The contemporary finance literature is focused on monetary assets and financial instruments. In a holistic approach, this article draws attention to humane features of capital in outlining the influence of a healthy lifestyle and biohacking on personal wealth. The COVID-19 pandemic raised awareness for healthy lifestyles as panacea to avoid viral complications as well as drove people to consult online information sources about healthcare as never before in the history of humankind. Previous work has connected health and capital on the individual, nuclear family level, corporate community standards and conduct as well as the overall economy. This paper focuses on the new trend of Ecowellness Biohacking. The term Ecowellness derives from ecological (as pertaining to nature) wellness. Wellness became prominent in the 1980s as a combination of Wellbeing and Fitness. Wellness is thereby the active practice of healthy habits (such as sports but also nutrition and mindfulness) on a daily basis to attain better physical and mental health outcomes. Ecowellness stresses the connection with nature for the wellbeing. Active Ecowellness trends include the transformation of the healthcare system through holistic approaches in nutrition, prevention, supplements and sports. Biohacking has recently become a prominent term in integrating biology, genetics, neuroscience and nutrition to enhance physical and mental performance as well as improve health and well-being. As a newly forming phenomenon since the early 2000s, biohacking comprises multiple fields such as nutrigenomics, do-it-yourself-biology and grinders. Nutrigenomics studies the effects of nutrients on the expression of an individual’s genetic makeup and encompasses nutritional factors that protect the genome from damage. Do-it-yourself biology (DIY biology) is a biotechnological social movement, in which laymen/women are studying biological effects of life sciences with traditional research methods on their own. Do-it-yourself biology thereby comprises of bioinformatics projects that use programming; genetic engineering that makes use of big data from biology; open source medical experimentation; grinders who use technological implants or introduce chemicals to the body to influence body functions; as well as mostly modern tech-supported arts to achieve body outcomes. As the Ecowellness Biohacking trend is currently evolving, little attention has been paid to the economic impetus of Ecowellness Biohacking. Some suggestions are given about the business model of health-and-wellness-lifestyle coaching, but no clear economic model exists today that helps evaluate and discount the long-term value of Ecowellness Biohacking for the individual and society. This article first discusses the new trend of Ecowellness Biohacking to then estimate some of the positive impacts of the trend on the overall health, wellbeing and monetary success of individuals as well as the economic influence of Ecowellness Biohacking. The discussion is dedicated to address the potential but also the risks associated with this new trend of Ecowellness Biohacking.
The Influence of Educational Management in the Modernization of Romanian Education

The Influence of Educational Management in the Modernization of Romanian Education
(The Influence of Educational Management in the Modernization of Romanian Education)

  • Author(s):Enache Tușa
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, State/Government and Education
  • Page Range:85-93
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:management; education; PISA; school management;
  • Summary/Abstract:The education system in Romania reached a high degree of maturity in the period after the First World War, integrating different educational systems, thus managing to include a large number of the country's population in a form of organized education. At that time, only primary education was compulsory and free, and the country was faced with illiteracy that affected especially the elderly segments of the population. Education has been and will remain a priority. It begins at birth and continues throughout life in various forms. To support this judgement, we proceed to the development of policies that integrate the health and social fields into education.
Excessive Spending

Excessive Spending
(Excessive Spending)

  • Author(s):Dan Romulus Şerban
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Biblical studies, Pastoral Theology
  • Page Range:94-97
  • No. of Pages:4
  • Keywords:waiting; sacrifice; prodigal son; older brother; trust; understanding; joy;
  • Summary/Abstract:This article discusses God's love for humanity and His desire for reconciliation, as revealed in the parable of the prodigal son. The investment that God makes in man is immense. His willingness to give an individual a chance even without having the guarantee that he has straightened up and not repeated his fall is immense, and this attitude is visible in the parable of the prodigal son. Although many people like to compare themselves to the prodigal son due to the happy ending of the parable, most of them actually have much more in common with the older brother and refuse to understand that every person, regardless of public attitude, is equally precious to God. However, it should be noted that the identification with the older brother is unfortunately real. The article emphasizes that although humans fall prey to a recalcitrant attitude, God is always willing to wait and make atonement for each individual. It reveals that His forbearance, as well as His grace, are far more than human understanding can comprehend.
The Pantheon: An Ancient Masterpiece that Inspired Academic America

The Pantheon: An Ancient Masterpiece that Inspired Academic America
(The Pantheon: An Ancient Masterpiece that Inspired Academic America)

  • Author(s):Daniel Chong, Daniel Kurz
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Architecture, Visual Arts
  • Page Range:98-102
  • No. of Pages:5
  • Keywords:Campus Architecture; Architecture; Pantheon; Neoclassical; Replica Architecture;
  • Summary/Abstract:The Roman Pantheon is one of the most notable and influential structures ever produced by Western Civilization. Built of a variety of materials, including a type of ancient concrete, the Romans employed a variety of new construction techniques and features that gave it a unique look and lasting qualities. Today it remains one of the best-preserved ancient structures, which has been replicated in various form over the course of the 20th Century, especially in academic architecture. Here we will look at four examples in particular that attempted, in some fashion, to mimic the grandiosity of the original monument while adding features unique to present structural utilization. Additionally, we will delve into why the Pantheon was replicated and imitated, as opposed to other famous, iconic structures.
The Ethics of Social Media and the Mental Health Crisis

The Ethics of Social Media and the Mental Health Crisis
(The Ethics of Social Media and the Mental Health Crisis)

  • Author(s):Carla Ioana Ana Maria Popescu
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Media studies, Ethics / Practical Philosophy, Philosophy of Mind
  • Page Range:103-106
  • No. of Pages:4
  • Keywords:Ethics of social media; Social media; Mental health; Addiction;
  • Summary/Abstract:This essay explores the ethical considerations surrounding the use of social media platforms and their detrimental impact on mental health. With the proliferation of social media in today's interconnected world, it is crucial to critically examine the ethical implications of these platforms. The essay delves into the various ways in which social media can contribute to the mental health crisis, such as through increased exposure to cyberbullying, unrealistic body image standards, and constant social comparison. By analyzing the role of social media companies in the dissemination of harmful content and the potential ethical responsibilities they bear, this essay provides insights into the moral obligations of platform owners and the need for stricter regulations. By comprehensively analyzing the ethical dimensions of social media's impact on mental health, this essay aims to foster a broader conversation and inspire action for a more responsible and compassionate digital future.
Navigating the Teaching Profession: How Mentorship in a Teacher Preparation Program Works to Support Academic Development in Black Women

Navigating the Teaching Profession: How Mentorship in a Teacher Preparation Program Works to Support Academic Development in Black Women
(Navigating the Teaching Profession: How Mentorship in a Teacher Preparation Program Works to Support Academic Development in Black Women)

  • Author(s):Samantha L. Strachan, D'Ajanae Ballard
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Educational Psychology, Social differentiation, Sociology of Education
  • Page Range:107-110
  • No. of Pages:4
  • Keywords:Black women; mentorship; HBCU; teacher education; teaching profession;
  • Summary/Abstract:This paper will briefly expound on how a teacher preparation program, at an Historically Black College and University (HBCU), pairs graduate research assistants with mentors to support their development as teachers-in-training and burgeoning researchers. We will focus on the Black women who serve as graduate research assistants and explore how mentoring can be used as a tool to support their growth and development in academic environments. The author and co-author of this paper will serve as an example of the mentor-mentee relationship.
The Artist and the Subway

The Artist and the Subway
(The Artist and the Subway)

  • Author(s):Heejae Kim, Daniel Kurz
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Visual Arts, Sociology of Art
  • Page Range:111-115
  • No. of Pages:4
  • Keywords:art; artist; interpretation; post-war; subway;
  • Summary/Abstract:For both visitors and natives, the geography of New York City can be challenging to navigate. Literally divided into dozens of islands, with its only mainland connection via The Bronx, the Five Boroughs present different kinds of landmasses that millions experience daily—living in, visiting, escaping from, transiting, and utilizing them. Not only has the Subway System become a key aspect and symbol of New York’s culture, but it has also become infamous on a national scale. Uniting all since the early 1900s has been the Subway System, which continues to inspire, frustrate, challenge, alienate and envelop modern artists of every kind to his day. Through various sources and the thoughts/words of postwar artists Yoko Ono, Ellie Kayu Ng, Keith Haring, and James Yang, we have explored the New York Subway and its openness for interpretation. Out of countless post-war artists who have included the Subway in their artwork, we have chosen to compare and contrast a few artists who have utilized the subway in differing ways in their art. The Subway System has been depicted and interpreted in countless ways to communicate its promise, aesthetic, democratic spirit, kinetics and, of course, connectivity. Ultimately, we have come to the conclusion that Subway can be interpreted in endless ways, allowing artists to form differing views, feelings, and meanings from the same subject, in this case, the Subway.
Academic Integrity Considerations

Academic Integrity Considerations
(Academic Integrity Considerations)

  • Author(s):Bogdan David
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Higher Education , Educational Psychology
  • Page Range:116-122
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:Integrity; ethics; morality; academic environment;
  • Summary/Abstract:Ethics and academic integrity play important roles in fostering a balanced and contented life. Because integrity is a personal choice, an uncompromising and consistent predictable commitment to honoring moral, ethical, and spiritual values and principles, we assert that the present study entails highlighting academic integrity as a human valence. Academic integrity respects its unanimously recognized principles at the doctrinal level, and the violation of academic integrity has a negative impact on all levels: personal and professional development, self-esteem, social valorization, etc. The creation, transmission, exchange and application of knowledge are goods that belong to the entire academic community.
The Changing Landscape of Teaching and Learning: How Adult Students View Online Approaches at a University in South Africa

The Changing Landscape of Teaching and Learning: How Adult Students View Online Approaches at a University in South Africa
(The Changing Landscape of Teaching and Learning: How Adult Students View Online Approaches at a University in South Africa)

  • Author(s):Zamalotshwa Florence Thembisile Thusi, Sampson Tawiah
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Adult Education, State/Government and Education
  • Page Range:123-131
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:Adult Education; Online teaching and learning; Community Education; COVID-19;
  • Summary/Abstract:As university lecturers of an education program, we aim to enhance community college lecturers' social and economic well-being, empowering them with skills for employment and community development. We respond to the need to train lecturers and prospective Adult and Community Education lecturers in South Africa. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, our traditional content delivery method has shifted to online teaching and learning. This shift can negatively and positively impact adult students' learning processes. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate the perceptions of students involved in online teaching and learning approaches. To achieve this, we adopted a qualitative approach and an experimental design, collecting data from 22 students deemed information-rich. Thematic content analysis was used to analyze the data collected, and the results positively reflected the relevance of the education program and online teaching and learning. Based on the emergent results, we recommend proper funding and close monitoring of the entire education programme to ensure quality delivery using online approaches.
The Long Way of Actions towards Ethics and Morality

The Long Way of Actions towards Ethics and Morality
(The Long Way of Actions towards Ethics and Morality)

  • Author(s):Gabriel-Alin Ciocoiu
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Civil Law, Behaviorism
  • Page Range:132-136
  • No. of Pages:4
  • Keywords:ethics; morals; moral values; morality; human behaviors;
  • Summary/Abstract:The concepts presented in this article are based on the context of morality.The analytical grasp of morality results in its identification as a property of what is moral, the nature, character, value of a fact, of the conduct of a person, or of a collectivity from a moral standpoint. Morality does not offer answers to specific questions but it only indicates whether something—a fact, an idea, or an action—is acceptable or unacceptable from a moral point of view. Morality may align with a certain set of laws while conflicting with another. In ethics, there are no categorical laws and there are no orders, there are only actions that are congruent with an ethical current and incongruent attitudes. We subscribe to the idea that ethics teaches individuals how to think but does not prescribe what to think. Like morality, ethics is not an absolute phenomenon.
Inclusion: Transition from School to Higher Education

Inclusion: Transition from School to Higher Education
(Inclusion: Transition from School to Higher Education)

  • Author(s):Gagandeep Bajaj
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Inclusive Education / Inclusion
  • Page Range:137-142
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:Inclusion; visually challenged learners; policies and provisions;
  • Summary/Abstract:The paper highlights the educational journey of visually challenged learners as they navigate the path from school to higher education. The policies and provisions of the Indian education system designed to enable the inclusion of learners with special needs constitute the theoretical foundation of the study. In this context, the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016 is especially relevant since it presents a revised version of the 1995 Act and incorporates contemporary concerns from the field of disability research and practice. The methodology includes an exploration of the experiences of visually challenged learners with the help of personal narratives and group discussions. The findings bring forth the challenges that learners face in their pursuit of career advancement. The critical role of enabling provisions in facilitating their educational progress and helping them realize their aspirations is another important aspect which emerges from the interpretive analysis.
It is Not Easy to be Green: Towards Understanding The Factors Influencing the Employees’ Engagement in Multiple Pro-Environmental Behaviours

It is Not Easy to be Green: Towards Understanding The Factors Influencing the Employees’ Engagement in Multiple Pro-Environmental Behaviours
(It is Not Easy to be Green: Towards Understanding The Factors Influencing the Employees’ Engagement in Multiple Pro-Environmental Behaviours)

  • Author(s):Jianing Song
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Energy and Environmental Studies, Economic development
  • Page Range:143-152
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:Green Human Resource Management; Societal Antecedents;
  • Summary/Abstract:The integration of Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) into organizational environmental management has increasingly gained attention as a significant topic in academic research, and the impact of GHRM on individual and organizational outcomes has received increasing attention. Despite the existence of these studies, there is still a paucity of research about a conceptual model that considers the national differences and underlying individual differences linking GHRM to employees’ engagement in multiple pro-environmental behaviors. In view of such gaps, this paper proposes a conceptual model of GHRM using the ability-motivation-opportunity framework, open-system theory, theory of reasoned action, and theory of planned behavior as theoretical foundations. The model identifies societal factors, including economic policy, cultural orientation, and level of development, as well as organizational green orientation, such as organizational green culture, green activities, and available green resources, as antecedents of GHRM practices. The proposed model also includes eight indicators of GHRM, including green selective staffing, green training, and green participation in decision-making. Additionally, the paper discusses how this framework connects GHRM practices to employees’ engagement in multiple green behaviors, such as Green formal behavior, Green Organizational Citizenship Behaviour (GOCB), and Green Interpersonal Citizenship Behaviour (GICB), through the mediating role of employee green attitude. This paper contributes to the theoretical understanding of GHRM and suggests avenues for future research.
Exploring the Application of Article 10 (11) in Law no. 241/2005: Tax evasion and Non-Punishment Clauses

Exploring the Application of Article 10 (11) in Law no. 241/2005: Tax evasion and Non-Punishment Clauses
(Exploring the Application of Article 10 (11) in Law no. 241/2005: Tax evasion and Non-Punishment Clauses)

  • Author(s):Bogdan Vîrjan
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Criminal Law, EU-Legislation
  • Page Range:153-158
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:clause of non-punishment, damages; tax evasion;
  • Summary/Abstract:In Article 10 (11) from Law no. 241/2005 for the prevention and combating of tax evasion, a clause of non-punishment is regulated, which becomes incident if the damage caused by the commission of one of the acts provided by Article 61, 8 or 9 of this law does not exceed the value of 100,000 Euros, in the equivalent of the national currency, and this damage, increased by 20% of the calculation basis, to which interest and penalties are added, is fully covered during the criminal investigation or during the trial until a final ruling is rendered. In Article 10 (12), this normative act also states that the provisions governing this clause of non-punishment apply to all defendants even if they did not contribute to covering the damages. In view of these provisions, the High Court of Cassation and Justice - the judicial panel for the settlement of legal issues in criminal matters was seized in order to issue a ruling by which the question of law would be resolved, consisting in the question of whether the provisions of Article 10 (11) of Law no. 241/2005 are applicable in the case of covering the damage as a result of an involuntary activity, respectively a foreclosure procedure. By Decision no. 39/2003, The High Court of Cassation and Justice - the judicial panel for the settlement of legal issues in criminal matters rejected as inadmissible the seizure made in order to issue a preliminary ruling for the resolution of the legal issue under analysis, considering that the admissibility conditions stipulated by the Code of Criminal Procedure were not met in the case that generated the seizure, because it is not allowed to resort to this legal means in order to receive from the supreme court the concrete resolution of the case and the question that was the object of the seizure referred to a form of Article 10 (11) prior to the current form, which did not condition the incidence of this case of non-punishment by the maximum amount of the damage caused, of 100,000 Euros, a form that was not applicable to the case in which the seizure was made and therefore the dismissal by law did not lead to the resolution of the case. Considering that the problem with which the Supreme Court was seized was not resolved as a result of the rejection of the seizure as inadmissible, in this article we proposed to conduct an analysis; on how the provisions of Article 10 (11) and (12) of Law no. 241/2005 should be interpreted and applied in the situation where the damage caused by the offense is covered by a third party or as a result of an involuntary activity, such as in the case of a foreclosure procedure.
Preserving and Balancing Ecosystems: Strategies to Mitigate Human-Elephant Conflict Through Law

Preserving and Balancing Ecosystems: Strategies to Mitigate Human-Elephant Conflict Through Law
(Preserving and Balancing Ecosystems: Strategies to Mitigate Human-Elephant Conflict Through Law)

  • Author(s):Tulishree Pradhan, Chinmayee Nanda, Diya Sarkar
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Human Ecology, Environmental interactions
  • Page Range:159-167
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:human-elephant conflict; mitigation strategies; legal framework;
  • Summary/Abstract:This paper focuses on addressing the issue of human-elephant conflict in India by implementing mitigation strategies, with a specific emphasis on Indian legislation. Human-elephant conflict is a significant problem in India as the shrinking habitats of elephants and the expansion of human settlements lead to encounters that pose risks to both humans and elephants. The paper provides an overview of the factors contributing to human-elephant conflict in India, such as habitat loss, encroachment, and resource competition. It then explores the legal framework related to wildlife conservation and protection in India, particularly highlighting the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 and relevant policies and guidelines. Various mitigation strategies are discussed to reduce human-elephant conflict, including habitat management and restoration, community participation and awareness, elephants' welfare and relocation, crop protection and compensation, and the use of early warning systems and technology. The study emphasizes the significance of Indian legislation, particularly the Wildlife Protection Act, in guiding and supporting these mitigation strategies. It acknowledges the challenges and limitations associated with their implementation and provides recommendations to enhance conflict mitigation efforts. By examining the intersection of human-elephant conflict and Indian legislation, this study contributes to a better understanding of the legal and policy framework for managing such conflicts. It provides valuable insights for policymakers, wildlife authorities, and conservation practitioners in developing effective strategies to mitigate human-elephant conflict in India.
Establishing the Frontier of International Law: The Nuremberg Trial

Establishing the Frontier of International Law: The Nuremberg Trial
(Establishing the Frontier of International Law: The Nuremberg Trial)

  • Author(s):Jamie Kim
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):International Law, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law
  • Page Range:168-174
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:World War II; Nuremberg Trials; Nazism; Genocide; Jurisprudence; International Law;
  • Summary/Abstract:Conducted from 1945-1946, the Nuremberg Trials were the first instance of justice for the unique crime of genocide, and redefined international law and obligation, setting a precedent for holding individuals responsible in cases of human rights violations. The trial and conference transcripts and images of the time tell the story of nations attempting to navigate through the inherent clash between national sovereignty and international law, as well as creating an entirely new international code. Controversy, however, remains on the desired outcome of the trials as contention remains over the Allied powers’ use of the Nuremberg Trials for propaganda and “show” trials. While the Nuremberg Trials were utilized to restore justice, their extensive use of film and photography suggests that another key interest was to immortalize WWII’s crimes. Additionally, critics contest the Nuremberg Trials’ validity due to their predetermined outcome. Furthermore, although the Nuremberg Trials marked a significant step in international justice, the subsequent genocides and human rights violations provoke questions of the trial’s effectiveness. This paper argues that although the Nuremberg Trials were flawed, they altered history in their debut of international justice with creations of bodies such as the International Criminal Court; yet, it is only when nations can truly lay down self-centered interests for the greater good that justice can be impartially executed.
Final Countdown for the Implementation of the Deposit Return System in Romania

Final Countdown for the Implementation of the Deposit Return System in Romania
(Final Countdown for the Implementation of the Deposit Return System in Romania)

  • Author(s):Marta-Claudia Cliza, Laura-Cristiana Spătaru-Negură
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Energy and Environmental Studies, EU-Legislation
  • Page Range:175-182
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:deposit return System; European Union; packaging waste;
  • Summary/Abstract:This study aims to present the current status of the Deposit Return System (DRS) implementation in Romania (called in Romanian ‘Sistem de Garantie Returnare’ and abbreviated as SGR). In 14 days from now, Romania must start operating the deposit return system according to the European Union legislation and the Romanian legislation put in place. Being an important component of the circular economy, everybody's asking if, through this implementation, Romania will be able to attain the recycling objectives of the European Union and be clean, especially now, on November 16, 2023, when the European Commission initiated infringement proceedings against Romania and five other EU member states over waste management issues. Numerous questions arise concerning the implementation and operation of DRS. Is Romania ready for this moment, especially since it is supposed to collect more than 7 billion recipients at the national level? What is the present status of the deposit return system implementation and how difficult will be to put in place a functioning operating system? Are all the stakeholders involved in DRS ready? This study will address the current issues in implementing the deposit return system in Romania, hoping that point by point will be addressed by the Romanian authorities in due time to have a functional system on November 30, 2023.
Contemporary Media and Its Socio-Anthropological Relevance

Contemporary Media and Its Socio-Anthropological Relevance
(Contemporary Media and Its Socio-Anthropological Relevance)

  • Author(s):Florin Matei
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Anthropology, Media studies, Culture and social structure
  • Page Range:183-192
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:technology; function; anthropology; human behavior; media;
  • Summary/Abstract:Contemporary media has gradually acquired an increasingly important role in our times, becoming an essential factor in the decisions we make. It plays a decisive role in influencing human perceptions and values and contributes fundamentally to our understanding of ourselves and our place in society. It transforms our daily existence by working with a socio-anthropological perspective. This article will explore the main aspects of the media's influence on the human being from this perspective. It will also examine how society and the human being are evolving through different perspectives and thus better understand the direction of contemporary culture. Through socio-anthropological analysis, we will have a broad understanding of the concerns, aspirations, and challenges we face today. The social and cultural changes of today's society can only be understood when we identify the socio-anthropological perspective that the media offers us.
Man Does Not Live on Bread Alone (Matthew 4: 4)

Man Does Not Live on Bread Alone (Matthew 4: 4)
(Man Does Not Live on Bread Alone (Matthew 4: 4))

  • Author(s):Dan Romulus Şerban
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Family and social welfare, Sociology of Religion
  • Page Range:193-199
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:adrenaline; addiction; alcohol; food; cigarettes; drugs; technology; religion
  • Summary/Abstract:There are several understudied types of addictions. Whether it is an addiction to food or alcohol, smoking, drugs, or, more recently, technology, the brain's reaction is the same, consisting of the secretion of serotonin, the pleasure hormone. Combating these addictions can be achieved through integrative therapy, which includes both the contemplation of nature and the discovery of its secrets, the cultivation of the mind, a balanced diet, and occupational therapy. In addition to lifestyle changes, religion is a recommended solution because it replaces the addiction of the brain with a benevolent attitude that can inter-neuronally discharge the same pleasure hormone.
Enhancing HRM Practices for Cross-Regional Development in Chinese State-Owned Enterprises

Enhancing HRM Practices for Cross-Regional Development in Chinese State-Owned Enterprises
(Enhancing HRM Practices for Cross-Regional Development in Chinese State-Owned Enterprises)

  • Author(s):Yuetong Wang
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):National Economy, Economic development, Human Resources in Economy
  • Page Range:200-210
  • No. of Pages:11
  • Keywords:cross-regional development; HRM practices; HRM strategies;
  • Summary/Abstract:Chinese state-owned enterprises (SOEs) play a significant global role. Cross-regional development has emerged as a pivotal strategic choice due to China's imperative for sustained economic growth and the continuously evolving market dynamics. The research aim is to enhance Human resource management (HRM) practices within Chinese SOEs and provide a comprehensive understanding of HRM strategies to facilitate effective cross-regional development, which is a crucial insight into coordinated development and sustained growth in different regions. This objective is achieved through a quantitative research method to enable a meticulous analysis of the intricate interplay among Confucian cultural factors, HRM practices, and employee satisfaction, examining the complex relationships, including correlations, and mediating effects. Significantly, the research findings highlight a pivotal sub-domain of HRM—Staffing, which exhibits the highest mediating effect among these variables. This implies that dedicating resources, efforts, and attention to this specific area can yield substantial benefits for organizations. It establishes a foundation and focal point for formulating HRM strategies for cross-regional development. This research not only offers a nuanced perspective on HRM practices in a cross-regional context, but also reveals the intricacies of operations within Chinese SOEs. Furthermore, it holds the promise of providing valuable insights and inspiration for the fields of international business management and cross-cultural management, shedding light on the complexities involved and offering valuable lessons for international enterprises operating in similar contexts.
Loyalty Programs in Second-Hand Markets Stimulate Demand but May Interfere With Supply

Loyalty Programs in Second-Hand Markets Stimulate Demand but May Interfere With Supply
(Loyalty Programs in Second-Hand Markets Stimulate Demand but May Interfere With Supply)

  • Author(s):Ebo Botchway, Jan Verpooten, Jack McLaughlin, Siegfried Dewitte
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Economic development, Business Ethics
  • Page Range:211-224
  • No. of Pages:14
  • Keywords:circular economy; loyalty program; second-hand market; repurchase;
  • Summary/Abstract:This study investigates a specific attribute of the circular economy, the direct reuse of old products, and the use of the traditional marketing mechanism of loyalty programs of stimulating this attribute. We conducted two studies into common (clothing) and uncommon (electronics) second-hand markets, testing the effectiveness of rewarding purchases and donations in stimulating the (intended) demand and supply in second-hand stores. Our findings indicate the effectiveness of various loyalty programs in stimulating the intention to repurchase in second-hand stores. We also identify that a loyalty program, which rewards purchases and donations, can effectively stimulate the supply to second-hand stores, but only for customers with a low donation history. However, for those with a substantial donation history, loyalty programs that rewards donations reduce their donation intentions.
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