Proceedings of the 37th International RAIS Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities, vol. 1
Proceedings of the 37th International RAIS Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities, vol. 1
Contributor(s): Mudassira Sarfraz (Editor), Muhammad Kamran (Editor)
Subject(s): Business Economy / Management, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Governance, Public Administration, Vocational Education, Higher Education , Inclusive Education / Inclusion, Sociology of Religion
ISSN: 2578-8574
Published by: Scientia Moralitas Research Institute
Summary/Abstract: The 37th International RAIS Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities was held at The Erdman Center, 20 Library Place, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA, on August 8-9, 2024, and was organized by the Research Association for Interdisciplinary Studies.
- Page Count: 131
- Publication Year: 2024
- Language: English
Age-Dependent Discounting and the Role of Imagination
Age-Dependent Discounting and the Role of Imagination
(Age-Dependent Discounting and the Role of Imagination)
- Author(s):Julia M. Puaschunder
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Socio-Economic Research
- Page Range:1-7
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:behavioral economics; discounting; elder; future generations; hyperbolic discounting;
- Summary/Abstract:Discounting is a hallmark in economic theory and practice. Discounting future value of options determines human behavior and market pricing. Behavioral economics adds information about human discounting peculiarities, such as the present bias and hyperbolic discounting. An ample account of discounting research finds people focus on the present more than on the past and the future. Hyperbolic discounting describes the discounting function as hyperbola around the present moment. This tendency to overvalue the current now has been found to hold for human beings with applications to many domains. For looking back at previous times, the present bias helps cope with loss and sorrow. For planning the future, the present bias and hyperbolic discounting though are often found to lead to suboptimal choices over time. This paper presents evidence that human discounting varies by age. Data is presented about time perception of time use over time, which shows a varying pattern for different age groups. The paper then brings forward the need for further research on age-dependent discounting and discusses the role of imagination and changing one’s time perspective throughout life. Elder people are assumed to live more in the past and thinking about future generations, hence a lower present bias is speculated to be present in elders.
The Relation Between Doctrine as a Source of Law and the Principle of Legality of Indictment
The Relation Between Doctrine as a Source of Law and the Principle of Legality of Indictment
(The Relation Between Doctrine as a Source of Law and the Principle of Legality of Indictment)
- Author(s):Cornelia Beatrice Gabriela Ene-Dinu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Criminal Law, EU-Legislation
- Page Range:8-15
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:indictment legality; criminal law; interpretation; doctrine; normative text;
- Summary/Abstract:The principle of legality of indictment helps to protect individual rights and to ensure fair and equitable justice. Criminal law is a branch of law that has a significant impact on individual liberty and the fundamental rights of persons, as it establishes the most severe legal liability in society. The principle of legality of indictment is essential to ensure the protection of individuals against arbitrariness and abuse of power committed by the authorities. Furthermore, the legality of indictment ensures predictability and certainty in the application of criminal law, contributing to society's confidence in the criminal justice system. The European Court of Human Rights has established that the legality of indictment, in the sense of accessibility and predictability of the law, is an essential aspect of respecting human rights within the field of criminal law. The law, in particular criminal law, must be spelled out with sufficient clarity to enable individuals to regulate their conduct in accordance with legal provisions. There are situations where normative construction, including criminal law, requires clarification to ensure uniform application. The normative interpretation provided by the High Court of Cassation and Justice, through referrals in the interest of the law and preliminary rulings aimed at clarifying points of law, plays a vital role in enhancing the legal framework. This process allows the doctrine to make a crucial contribution to the clarification and consolidation of the normative text, thereby ensuring consistency and predictability in its application.
The Study of the Effect of Higher Secondary School Teachers’ Teaching Commitment on the Teaching Aptitude of the School Teachers of the Ahmedabad City
The Study of the Effect of Higher Secondary School Teachers’ Teaching Commitment on the Teaching Aptitude of the School Teachers of the Ahmedabad City
(The Study of the Effect of Higher Secondary School Teachers’ Teaching Commitment on the Teaching Aptitude of the School Teachers of the Ahmedabad City)
- Author(s):Sani Modi
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Higher Education , Behaviorism
- Page Range:16-22
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:higher secondary school teacher; teaching commitment; teaching aptitude;
- Summary/Abstract:This paper focuses on the study of the effect of higher secondary school teachers’ teaching commitment on their teaching aptitude among school teachers in Ahmedabad City. The main objective of the study was to know the effect of teacher commitment, gender and experience on their teaching aptitude. A random sampling technique was used to collect samples, and a standardized tool of Modi was used to assess teacher commitment and teaching aptitude. The T-Test was conducted to analyze the main effects of teacher commitment, gender and experience on their effects on teaching aptitude. The population of the study consisted of higher secondary school teachers in Ahmedabad City. The findings reveal that there is no significant difference between teacher commitment, gender and experience in teaching aptitude.
Analyzing the Effectiveness of Treatment Models, with a Focus on Social and Emotional Competency, on the Criminally Insane Forensic Population Within a Forensic Therapeutic Center
Analyzing the Effectiveness of Treatment Models, with a Focus on Social and Emotional Competency, on the Criminally Insane Forensic Population Within a Forensic Therapeutic Center
(Analyzing the Effectiveness of Treatment Models, with a Focus on Social and Emotional Competency, on the Criminally Insane Forensic Population Within a Forensic Therapeutic Center)
- Author(s):Jessica Bujor
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Criminology, Health and medicine and law
- Page Range:23-37
- No. of Pages:15
- Keywords:schizophrenia; mentally ill offenders; psychological treatment; forensic psychology;
- Summary/Abstract:The present study aims to fill in gaps in research on mentally ill offenders (MIOs) by analyzing the effectiveness of psychological treatment offered in forensic populations. Research has shown that approximately 95% of schizophrenic patients still do not receive appropriate amounts of evidence-based services, which may explain the gap in rates of recovery related to this disorder. We aim to compare the social and emotional competency of patients from Pro Mente Plus before and after receiving treatment. We hypothesize that post treatment scores should show an improvement in emotional and social competencies and results indicate small to medium effect sizes in favor of our expected results. Findings show a positive change in social skills and illness awareness, suggesting the potential of forensic therapeutic centers in facilitating better outcomes for this demographic. Alongside cognitive remediation programs, social skills programs are more likely to succeed, especially when part of integrative therapeutic programs that incorporate both pharmacological and psychosocial elements.
An Analysis of the Contribution of Positive Psychology to Character Building
An Analysis of the Contribution of Positive Psychology to Character Building
(An Analysis of the Contribution of Positive Psychology to Character Building)
- Author(s):Corneliu Ben Buzguța
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Individual Psychology, Personality Psychology, Behaviorism
- Page Range:38-46
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:positive psychology; positive emotions; PERMA; character building; character strengths;
- Summary/Abstract:This article explores the significant role that positive psychology plays in the development of character. It begins by thoroughly examining the foundational principles of positive psychology, including its origins, key concepts, and the major figures who have shaped the field, such as Martin Seligman and Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi. This foundational understanding is crucial because it sets the stage for understanding how positive psychology differs from traditional psychology by focusing not just on alleviating mental illness, but on fostering well-being, flourishing, and the cultivation of strengths and virtues. The article proceeds to explore the core concepts and theories within positive psychology that directly contribute to character building. These include the study and application of character strengths and virtues, which are central to positive psychology’s approach to human development. For example, the VIA Classification of Character Strengths, developed by Peterson and Seligman, categorizes virtues into broad categories such as wisdom, courage, humanity, justice, temperance, and transcendence. The article analyzes how these strengths are not just inherent qualities but can be developed and enhanced through specific interventions and practices. In addition to theoretical exploration, the article emphasizes practical applications, showing how positive psychology interventions are used to cultivate these strengths in real-world settings. It examines interventions such as gratitude exercises, mindfulness practices, and strengths-based approaches, which have been empirically shown to foster character development. By highlighting the effectiveness of these interventions, the article demonstrates how positive psychology provides concrete tools for individuals to build stronger, more resilient, and virtuous characters.
Virtual Human Beings and the Future of Rights: Ethical Considerations in a Digitally Enhanced World
Virtual Human Beings and the Future of Rights: Ethical Considerations in a Digitally Enhanced World
(Virtual Human Beings and the Future of Rights: Ethical Considerations in a Digitally Enhanced World)
- Author(s):Sanad Aburass
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Social development, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
- Page Range:47-56
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:virtual human beings; artificial intelligence ethics; digital personhood; human rights;
- Summary/Abstract:The rapid integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into various aspects of human life and the hypothetical ability to transfer human consciousness into machines prompts a profound reevaluation of human value and the foundations of our rights. This paper explores the philosophical implications of such technologies, questioning the criteria by which we ascribe value and rights to beings, whether embodied in flesh or silicon. It delves into the potential of merging human consciousness with advanced AI systems to create entities with both human and artificial capabilities, introducing a new category of being that challenges our traditional concepts of personhood, value, and rights. This inquiry is accentuated by the rapid pace of AI development and its increasingly sophisticated applications, leading to a discussion on the source of human value, the practical implications for the future of human rights, and the ethical considerations of creating societies of "superior virtual humans." The paper argues for a broad and inclusive understanding of personhood and rights that could extend to virtual humans, challenging traditional notions and inviting a future where rights are grounded in the qualities that constitute moral personhood beyond mere biological existence. It navigates through utilitarian, deontological, and virtue ethics perspectives, debates on mind-body dualism, and the scenario of virtual humans to illuminate the complexities of defining personhood and rights in a world where the boundaries between human and machine, mind and body, are increasingly blurred. The exploration is critical for ensuring that advancements in technology are matched by our ethical and philosophical understanding, emphasizing the importance of inclusivity and the spectrum of the human condition in reimagining personhood, value, and rights in the age of AI.
Characteristics of School and Vocational Counseling for Students with Special Educational Requirements
Characteristics of School and Vocational Counseling for Students with Special Educational Requirements
(Characteristics of School and Vocational Counseling for Students with Special Educational Requirements)
- Author(s):Iris Ionelia Diță
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Vocational Education, Inclusive Education / Inclusion
- Page Range:57-61
- No. of Pages:5
- Keywords:school-family partnership; special educational needs; differential diagnosis; mental deficiency;
- Summary/Abstract:The purpose of this paper is to bring forth the importance of parents’ implication in the educational process of children with special needs by emphasizing the need of a family–school partnership. Educational and vocational counseling for students in special education imposes the need for efficient inclusion, which requires a commitment to integrating persons with disabilities both in school and society. In other words, the family of a child with special needs is involved in the role of mediator between the child—who may have difficulty adapting to interpersonal relationships—and the social environment, including the community to which they belong and sometimes even strangers. The role of parents as educational partners represents direct implications in the educational environment in which they can influence certain decisions that follow along the progress of the child’s education, collaborating with the school in a concrete way and taking managerial functions within the school.
Integration of Ukrainian Refugees into the Romanian Labor Market
Integration of Ukrainian Refugees into the Romanian Labor Market
(Integration of Ukrainian Refugees into the Romanian Labor Market)
- Author(s):Petru-Vasile Gafiuc
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Labour and Social Security Law
- Page Range:62-69
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:integration; labor market; equivalence of studies; professional training;
- Summary/Abstract:This article examines the situation of Ukrainian refugees regarding their integration into the labor market in Romania, analyzing the current statistical data and the social measures taken by the central public institutions after the start of the war in Ukraine. Given that integration is a complex process, many significant challenges are encountered both among Ukrainian citizens and at the institutional level. A series of difficulties were highlighted both in the recognition of diplomas, professional certificates, the equivalence of studies, enrollment in professional training programs, as well as in information regarding the identification of jobs, labor legislation in Romania, various aspects of employment. Moreover, the language barrier, bureaucratic procedures, and the legislative differences between the two countries are among the main impediments to the integration process. Therefore, it is necessary to implement social support measures and develop coherent policies that promote the social inclusion of Ukrainian refugees, both for their benefit and for the Romanian community through their contribution to the economy and the elimination of the labor force deficit. Solid partnerships, the promotion of good practices between institutions and organizations, as well as the involvement of all social actors in the community are necessary conditions for the effective development of support programs that offer quality social services.
The Theme of Attachment-Detachment in Shree Madhbhagavad Gita: A Study from Linguistic and Philosophical Perspective
The Theme of Attachment-Detachment in Shree Madhbhagavad Gita: A Study from Linguistic and Philosophical Perspective
(The Theme of Attachment-Detachment in Shree Madhbhagavad Gita: A Study from Linguistic and Philosophical Perspective)
- Author(s):Shagufta Anjum
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Ethics / Practical Philosophy, Semantics
- Page Range:70-77
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:attachment; detachment; morphological analysis; etymological analysis;
- Summary/Abstract:The teachings of Bhagavad Gita (Hindu scripture), which are profoundly founded in Vedanta philosophy, assert the innate divinity of all beings. It claims that the foundation of each person is based on holding a wellspring of purity and bliss, which encourages the pursuit of happiness beyond despair. However, as people age, the shadows of ignorance frequently obscure their actual foundation, causing them to lose sight of their authentic identity. It is all too easy to become trapped in the illusion of transient desires (Maya), straying away from the eternal reality (Omnipresent). Realizing one's inner self necessitates a voyage of intense contemplation, surrounded by strict penance, austere observances, and the endurance of worldly adversities. The core cause of suffering is often a misplaced attachment to the fruits of one's deeds (Karmphaleshu). It contradicts the inherent goal of human beings, which is to participate in righteous conduct (Karma yoga). Departing from this path eventually results in sorrow and disharmony. Bhagavad Gita shines as a beacon of practical wisdom, providing profound insights into the complexities of human life. Its verses, like divine melodies, ring with emotional strength, urging seekers to dive deeper into the nature of attachment and detachment. Sanskrit language's rationality lends itself to both logical analysis and intuitive understanding, making it an ideal platform for learning. This study aims to expand the comprehension of these emotive words like Sangah (attachment) and Vairagya and Asakti (detachment), meticulously analyzing their morphological structure that dissects the constituent elements of these words, elucidating their formation and the relationships between root (dhatu), prefixes (upsarga), and suffixes (pratyay), providing insights into linguistic mechanism to shape their meaning. Furthermore, an etymological investigation uncovers their origins and interpretations, while a semantic analysis unveils their denotative and connotative meanings for understanding this philosophical scripture.
Identity Palimpsest – Ekklēsia: Linguistic Foundation and Creator of Civilizations
Identity Palimpsest – Ekklēsia: Linguistic Foundation and Creator of Civilizations
(Identity Palimpsest – Ekklēsia: Linguistic Foundation and Creator of Civilizations)
- Author(s):Anca Ursache
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Greek Literature, Biblical studies
- Page Range:78-84
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:Ekklēsia; democratic legislative assembly; ekklesiasterion;
- Summary/Abstract:The term ekklēsia (ἐκκλησία), over time, has existed as an identity palimpsest in the pleiade of human civilizations, its dynamic consisting in selecting people from a whole, from the totality of a community, in order to conclude a legitimized convocation in an institution. Thus, we first identify the term in Athenian democracy, ekklēsia mirroring the general legislative assembly of the people in an ekklesiastirion, from which the activity of decisions founded by the casting of votes, ekloghes (εκλογες) transpires. With the establishment of Christianity, the concept is taken over in its substance and form, this time defining religious affiliation, later being linguistically converted to the culture and mentality of peoples who share the principles and values of Christ's teaching. The term underwent a slight transformation in Latin, taking the form of ecclesia, and the concept of ecclesiology, also built on Greek linguistic foundations, later developed as a branch of theology dealing holistically with both the principles of Christianity and the Gothic architecture of churches. This study revolves around linguistic considerations with the creative potential of human civilizations. The ancient Greek immaterial heritage is always present and certainly will be reinterpreted in the rendering of values to the world.
On the Mere Presumption: The Page Act of 1875 and the Ramifications of Racialized Immigration Policy on Chinese American Women
On the Mere Presumption: The Page Act of 1875 and the Ramifications of Racialized Immigration Policy on Chinese American Women
(On the Mere Presumption: The Page Act of 1875 and the Ramifications of Racialized Immigration Policy on Chinese American Women)
- Author(s):Kate Jialin Mao
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Gender Studies, Migration Studies
- Page Range:85-90
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:Xenophobia; Sinophobia; Chinese Exclusion Act; Page Act; Chinese Immigration;
- Summary/Abstract:Over the course of the 19th Century, as China’s economic power faded, millions of Chinese sought economic opportunity abroad. However, they were not always met with a warm welcome. By the 1870s, instead of being viewed as a dependable source of labor, Chinese Americans were looked upon with suspicion. While Chinese men were frequently accused of undercutting ‘white wages’ and engaging in organized crime, the harshest accusations against the community were in the form of hypersexualization of Chinese women. An early result of these unjust accusations was the Page Act of 1875, the first of a series of federal laws aimed at diminishing and eventually obliterating the Chinese-American community. This paper will explore the causes of the Page Act and its modern implications, highlighting how its effects still echo in our society.
Relevant Aspects of the Purpose of Christian Missions
Relevant Aspects of the Purpose of Christian Missions
(Relevant Aspects of the Purpose of Christian Missions)
- Author(s):Nicu Grigore
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Pastoral Theology, Sociology of Religion
- Page Range:91-99
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:purpose; mission; Christ; God; people; proclamation; Gospel;
- Summary/Abstract:This paper explores the importance of clarifying the purpose of Christian missions in the context of the general concern for the meaning and objectives of religious activities. It emphasizes the necessity of a clear and biblically grounded understanding of missions to prevent deviation from divine objectives tin favor of institutional goals. The diversity of missiological interpretations—ranging from the proclamation of the Gospel and the establishment of justice to cultural adaptation—reflects the complexity of this field. The paper highlights that missions must combine proclamation with good deeds, underlining the importance of prayer and spiritual empowerment in confronting the forces of darkness. Finally, it emphasizes the calling of Christians to be a light in the world, participating in God's mission to bring knowledge, hope, and salvation to all peoples.
Characteristics of School and Vocational Counseling for Pupils with Special Educational Needs
Characteristics of School and Vocational Counseling for Pupils with Special Educational Needs
(Characteristics of School and Vocational Counseling for Pupils with Special Educational Needs)
- Author(s):Iris Ionelia Diță
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Vocational Education, Inclusive Education / Inclusion
- Page Range:100-103
- No. of Pages:4
- Keywords:special needs; integration; inclusion; adaptation;
- Summary/Abstract:Effective inclusion means following a path of integration of people with disabilities both in school and in society. Counseling families of children with special educational needs with a view to integration becomes a mandatory step in combating school drop out and facilitating social integration. This study examines certain aspects of education for children and young people with special educational needs, trying at the same time to clarify the theoretical context of inclusion and integration in school. It presents examples of good practices and shares insights gained from accumulated experiences to promote the participation of children with special educational needs in learning activities, thereby preventing school drop out. The objective of this study is to emphasize the important role of the teacher counselor, who must develop targeted strategies to address indecision by fostering the child’s ability to choose, make decisions, and seek information. The counseling process focuses on the preventive aspect of affective and behavioral disorders, as well as on problem-solving, personal development, and optimization. By fostering an inclusive environment, this approach aims to support the individual development of children with special educational needs and help them feel welcomed and connected to society.
The Assessment of Youth Policies and Services in the United States from the Perspectives of Youth and Youth Professionals
The Assessment of Youth Policies and Services in the United States from the Perspectives of Youth and Youth Professionals
(The Assessment of Youth Policies and Services in the United States from the Perspectives of Youth and Youth Professionals)
- Author(s):Alkida Lushaj
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economic policy, Social development
- Page Range:104-108
- No. of Pages:5
- Keywords:Youth Empowerment; Youth Policies; Development; Youth Work;
- Summary/Abstract:The dynamic development in the world causes young people to encounter challenges in economic, social and political areas. Therefore interest in academic studies on youth is increasing. It is only possible to reveal the relationship and connection between youth policies and youth as a social group when youth studies are examined. This research paper aims to contribute to the development of youth policies and services from a social work perspective. Within the scope of the research, 12 youth and 6 youth professionals were interviewed. Qualitative research method was used and data were collected through in-depth interviews. Youth participants emphasized the inadequacy of policies and services provided to them in areas such as education, employment, health, economy, technology, and security. It was determined that this inadequacy and accessibility problems have a negative impact on the capability of youth. Furthermore, young people stated that policies and services were not designed in line with their needs and recommendations. Youth professionals stated that the fragmented and disorganized youth policies and services, which are designed without the participation of young people, could not be effective and efficient in the field. As a result, one of the main recommendations in this research paper is to plan youth welfare services in line with the needs of youth. The importance of systematic, coordinated and sustainable youth policies and services was emphasized.
Human Dignity, First-Order Factor of Human Personality
Human Dignity, First-Order Factor of Human Personality
(Human Dignity, First-Order Factor of Human Personality)
- Author(s):Emanuel Dobrin
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Biblical studies, Sociology of Religion
- Page Range:109-117
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:human dignity; human being, laws; Christian theology; existence;
- Summary/Abstract:The most complex being, man, is defined by an understanding of his dignity. Nothing is more important to humanity than ensuring that dignity is respected. It is dignity that makes man 'truly human', allowing him to manifest himself in complete freedom and express, unhindered, all the capacities and abilities with which he has been endowed or which he has developed. This paper explores various trends in the definition of human dignity and personality, while also examining the concerns of both ancient Greco-Roman and contemporary societies regarding the implementation of guarantees for human dignity in the social sphere, legal system, and interpersonal relationships. Although the exploration is limited, it aims to keep the concept of respect for human dignity at the forefront. This focus is essential, as the world can only be envisioned as a better place when human dignity is respected.
Religion and the Political Afrobeat of Fela Anikulapo in Contemporary Africa
Religion and the Political Afrobeat of Fela Anikulapo in Contemporary Africa
(Religion and the Political Afrobeat of Fela Anikulapo in Contemporary Africa)
- Author(s):Daniel Orogun
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Civil Society, Governance
- Page Range:118-130
- No. of Pages:13
- Keywords:Africa; neo-colonialism; philosophical consciencism; political leaders;
- Summary/Abstract:Religion, as a universal phenomenon, is deeply rooted in cultural practices. Consequently, religious leaders and adherents use cultural arts like music to express religious thoughts in missions and related purposes. While most religious musicians leverage African cultural art to promote religious thoughts, secular singers like Fela Anikulapo use it as rebel art to challenge anomie in the political and religious spaces while shaping public opinion at the same time. This article, with the intent to focus more on the religious perspective, looks at some of Fela’s most popular political afrobeat renditions which placed a lens of criticism on the association of Nigerian politicians and religious leaders. In his songs titled International thief-thief, Authority stealing, Government of crooks, Who are you, Na fight o and Shuffering and shmiling, Fela challenged the alliances of religious and political leaders with colonial powers of his time and accused them of acquisitive venality through exploitations, money laundering and the abuse of religious titles among other issues. Although Fela is deceased, this article delineated the relevance of his political renditions in the current African religious ecosystems and emphasised the need to sustain the awakening created by Fela in the struggle to promote an egalitarian Africa.
