Turkish Migration Policy
Turkish Migration Policy
Contributor(s): Ibrahim Sirkeci (Editor), Barbara Pusch (Editor)
Subject(s): Politics / Political Sciences, History, Social Sciences, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Geography, Regional studies, Migration Studies
Published by: Transnational Press London
Keywords: migration; migration law; Turkish migration; citizenship
Summary/Abstract: "With this book, we aim to shed light on changes in migration policy, determinants beneath these changes, and practical implications for movers and non-movers in Turkey. Nevertheless, one should note that Turkey has only recently faced mass immigration and the number of foreign born has more than doubled in less than five years. Such sudden change in population composition warrants policy adjustments and reviews. Policy shift from “exporting excess labour” in the 1960s and 1970s to immigrant integration today is a drastic but necessary one. Nevertheless, Turkish migration policy is still far from settled as several chapters in this book point out. Despite the exemplary humanitarian engagement in admitting Syrians, Turkey is still at the bottom of the league table of favourable integration policies with an overall score of 25 out of 100. Turkish migration policy is likely to be adjusted further in response to the continuing immigration."CONTENT PDF Foreword - Philip L Martin Introduction - Barbara Pusch and Ibrahim Sirkeci Chapter 1: The Transformation and Europeanization of Migration Policy in Turkey: Multiculturalism, Republicanism and Alignment - Bianca Kaiser and Ayhan Kaya Chapter 2: Turkey’s migration law and policy: is it a new era? - Ali Zafer SagirogluChapter 3: Gendered citizenship: Experiences and perceptions of the Bulgarian Turkish immigrant women - Özge Kaytan Chapter 4: European Union and Turkish migration policy reform: from accession to policy conditionality - Birce DemiryontarChapter 5: The international migration and foreign policy nexus: the case of Syrian refugee crisis in Turkey - Ela Gökalp Aras and Zeynep Sahin Mencutek Chapter 6: Stuck in the Aegean: Syrians leaving Turkey face European barriers - H. Deniz Genç & N. Aslı Şirin Öner Chapter 7: Fragile balance of EU-Turkey readmission agreement - Ülkü Sezgi Sözen Chapter 8: Turkish diaspora policy: transnationalism or long-distance nationalism? - Yaşar AydınChapter 9: Migration and Citizenship: The Case of Turkey - Zeynep Kadirbeyoğlu and Dilek Çınar Chapter 10: Legal Membership on the Turkish side of the Transnational German-Turkish Space - Barbara Pusch
Series: Migration Series
- Print-ISBN-13: 978-1-910781-13-5
- Page Count: 232
- Publication Year: 2016
- Language: English
Foreword
Foreword
(Foreword)
- Author(s):Philip L. Martin
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Geography, Regional studies, Editorial, Migration Studies
- Page Range:7-8
- No. of Pages:2
- Keywords:Turkey; migration ; policy
- Summary/Abstract:Turkey is a special country. Sandwiched between Europe and Asia,Turkey is a secular Muslim country that has undergone many transitions,including from a major source of international migrants to a major destination for them. About five percent of the 80 million people born in Turkey are living outside the country, including over half in Germany. Meanwhile, up to five percent of people in Turkey were born elsewhere, including over half born in Syria.
- Price: 4.50 €
Turkish migration policy at a glance: Turkish migration policy from a historical perspective
Turkish migration policy at a glance: Turkish migration policy from a historical perspective
(Turkish migration policy at a glance: Turkish migration policy from a historical perspective)
- Author(s):Barbara Push, Ibrahim Sirkeci
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Geography, Regional studies, Migration Studies
- Page Range:9-22
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:Turkish; migration policy; historical perspective
- Summary/Abstract:Due to the large-scale migration from Turkey to Europe in general and Germany in particular Turkey has primarily been regarded as a migrant sending country until recently. This image of Turkey characterizes, however,just one aspect of the Turkish migration history. Only since 2011 with the large influxes of Syrians and, there is a shift in the perception of Turkey as a destination country. Throughout history though, Turkey has always been a host country for sizeable inward population movements. There were several waves of population movements in the aftermath of the collapse of the Ottoman Empire: According to Karpat, between 1860s and 1922, around 4million people migrated to Ottoman territories while later, about 1.5 million Muslims “were forced to take refuge in the Ottoman domains” (more or less the territories of modern Turkey). According to the Ministry of Resettlement, then Turkey received a total of 870,000 migrants of whom 400,000 were from Greece, 225,000 from Bulgaria, 120,000 from Yugoslavia, 120,000 from Romania and 10,000 from other Balkan countries.
- Price: 4.50 €
Transformation and Europeanization of migration policy in Turkey: multiculturalism, republicanism and alignment
Transformation and Europeanization of migration policy in Turkey: multiculturalism, republicanism and alignment
(Transformation and Europeanization of migration policy in Turkey: multiculturalism, republicanism and alignment)
- Author(s):Ayhan Kaya, Bianca Kaiser
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Migration Studies, EU-Accession / EU-DEvelopment
- Page Range:23-40
- No. of Pages:18
- Keywords:migration; citizenship; Turkey
- Summary/Abstract:This chapter scrutinizes the historical forms of managing migration and diversity in Turkey, as well as the development of the Europeanization process of Turkey’s migration policy. We argue that managing diversity in Turkey can be historicized in three epochs: Ottoman multiculturalism, Turkish republicanism, and the contemporary model of Europeanization. Turkey has so far witnessed both multiculturalist and republican forms of integration being implemented respectively by the Ottoman state and the modern Turkish state.
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Turkey’s migration law and policy: is it a new era?
Turkey’s migration law and policy: is it a new era?
(Turkey’s migration law and policy: is it a new era?)
- Author(s):Ali Zafer Sağıroğlu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Geography, Regional studies, Migration Studies
- Page Range:41-54
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:Turkey; migration; law; policy
- Summary/Abstract:It is possible to state that Muslim identity was a defining characteristic of the concept of Turk, which practically determined the approaches to both immigration and emigration in the early years of the Republic. It was stated in the Settlement Law of 1934 that the criteria of “descending from Turkish ancestry or belonging to Turkish culture” was sought in persons who would be accepted as immigrants and being Muslim was considered as part of Turkish culture. This particularly affected the decisions about immigrants from Balkans. Such statement was used until recently and with the 2013 Law on Foreigners and International Protection (no. 6458), the concept of foreigner was redefined independently from the concept of nation.
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Gendered citizenship: experiences and perceptions of the Bulgarian Turkish immigrant women
Gendered citizenship: experiences and perceptions of the Bulgarian Turkish immigrant women
(Gendered citizenship: experiences and perceptions of the Bulgarian Turkish immigrant women)
- Author(s):Özge Kaytan
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Gender Studies, Geography, Regional studies, Migration Studies
- Page Range:55-72
- No. of Pages:18
- Keywords:Gendered citizenship;Bulgarian Turkish;immigrant; women
- Summary/Abstract:The concept of citizenship, which is a multi-layered construct by itself,consists of diverse structures when it comes to the citizenship of immigrant women. This research investigates whether, how and to what extent social and cultural changes experienced by the Bulgarian Turkish immigrant women,along with changes in their educational lives and labor force participation made an impact on the practice of their citizenship rights. The migration process itself is gendered not simply due to the fact that men and women are differently affected; it is also likely to affect how gender identity interacts with the new identity bestowed upon the migrant women. Transnational migration generates new social inequalities and social exclusion. The tragedy of ethnic oppression and ethnic assimilation and, in extreme cases, the danger of ethnic cleansing are made unbearable through the assaults on women and children. Hence, the victimization of ethnic minorities is almost always feminized.
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European Union and Turkish migration policy reform: from accession to policy conditionality
European Union and Turkish migration policy reform: from accession to policy conditionality
(European Union and Turkish migration policy reform: from accession to policy conditionality)
- Author(s):Birce Demiryontar
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Geography, Regional studies, Migration Studies, EU-Accession / EU-DEvelopment
- Page Range:73-90
- No. of Pages:18
- Keywords:European Union; Turkish; migration policy
- Summary/Abstract:Since Turkey became a candidate country in December 1999, the EU has been typically exerting influence on Turkish domestic policy change through accession conditionality. Since the mid-2000s, the main shortcoming of this reform framework has been its direct interconnection to the country’s accession process, while the country’s prospects for membership were losing their credibility. This loss of credibility in the country’s accession prospects has led to a halt in the EU induced policy change in various policy areas,especially in the ones where the related chapters of the accession negotiation framework were frozen by the EU, or by the individual member states.Despite being one of those policy areas, migration policy presents a deviation from this trend as commitment to the EU induced reform agenda continues despite the frozen status of the Chapter 24, Justice Freedom and Security.
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From assertive to opportunist usage of mass migration for foreign and asylum policy: Turkey’s response to the refugees from Syria
From assertive to opportunist usage of mass migration for foreign and asylum policy: Turkey’s response to the refugees from Syria
(From assertive to opportunist usage of mass migration for foreign and asylum policy: Turkey’s response to the refugees from Syria)
- Author(s):N. Ela Gökalp-Aras, Zeynep Şahin Mencütek
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Geography, Regional studies, Migration Studies
- Page Range:91-126
- No. of Pages:36
- Keywords:Syria; refugees; Turkey; migration
- Summary/Abstract:The significant and complex effects of international migration have been recently become an interest to international relations. However, despite that the long story of mass migration, empirical research seems to be lagging behind, particularly studies that question how mass migration have been used as a tool for foreign policy. In addition, how foreign and asylum policy intertwine in case of mass migration appears as less researched. In the light of the most recent developments that started with the Arab Spring, the relationship between foreign and asylum policy, in particular mass migration has gained attention in the field of international relations with its significant consequences not only for these policy areas but also domestic and humanitarian aspects. Despite its importance, the nexus between foreign and immigration policy has rarely been examined except studies addressing the external dimension of the European Union’s (EU) action on migration and asylum and the policies of the United States (US).
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Stuck in the Aegean: Syrians leaving Turkey face European barriers
Stuck in the Aegean: Syrians leaving Turkey face European barriers
(Stuck in the Aegean: Syrians leaving Turkey face European barriers)
- Author(s):Deniz Genç, Aslı Şirin ÖNER
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Geography, Regional studies, Migration Studies, EU-Accession / EU-DEvelopment
- Page Range:127-148
- No. of Pages:22
- Keywords:Aegean; Syrians; Turkey; European
- Summary/Abstract:In its fifth year, the civil war in Syria has opened Pandora’s Box. In addition to various negative things such as ISIL and its terrorist attacks indifferent parts of the world, the war has triggered a global refugee crisis.Before the war, the population of Syria was 22 million. As the war continues with no end in sight, millions of Syrians have scattered throughout the region.According to the UNHCR (2015a), almost 5 million Syrians are now registered in Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon and Turkey. Among these countries, Turkey is reported to host the largest number of Syrian asylum seekers.
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Fragile balance of EU-Turkey readmission agreement
Fragile balance of EU-Turkey readmission agreement
(Fragile balance of EU-Turkey readmission agreement)
- Author(s):Ülkü Sezgi Sözen
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Geography, Regional studies, Migration Studies, EU-Accession / EU-DEvelopment
- Page Range:149-168
- No. of Pages:20
- Keywords:EU; Turkey; migration; agreement
- Summary/Abstract:Fargues rightly said "Migration has become global but there is no global regime to govern the international movement of persons". It is essential to point out the importance of the cooperation with neighboring countries. Solely the protection of European Union's (hereinafter EU) borders cannot be successful unless neighboring countries cooperate in the fields of irregular migration and the fight against cross-border criminality and terrorism. Even if this political approach driven by European security interests moves the EU from its bilateral and multilateral regional cooperation schemes to becoming "Fortress Europe" , the EU still bases its relations with the Mediterranean, especially owing to the migration crisis on a defensive approach. In order to do this, the EU should offer a certain level of compensatory measures that incentivize such cooperation, such as economic privileges or visa facilitation.
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Turkish diaspora policy: transnationalism or long-distance nationalism?
Turkish diaspora policy: transnationalism or long-distance nationalism?
(Turkish diaspora policy: transnationalism or long-distance nationalism?)
- Author(s):Yaşar Aydın
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Geography, Regional studies, Nationalism Studies, Migration Studies
- Page Range:169-182
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:Turkish diaspora; transnationalism; nationalism
- Summary/Abstract:In recent years, Turkish politicians have increasingly intervened into political and social matters that concern Turks in Germany. The former Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan visited Germany several times and held speeches in which he condemned assimilation as a “crime against humanity”, calling on Turks not only to maintain their relationship with Turkey and Turkish culture but also to work in the interests of Turkey. Erdoğan’s speeches and other high-ranking Turkish politicians’ similar comments have caused friction in German-Turkish relations.
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Migration and citizenship in Turkey
Migration and citizenship in Turkey
(Migration and citizenship in Turkey)
- Author(s):Zeynep Kadirbeyoğlu, Dilek Çınar
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Geography, Regional studies, Migration Studies
- Page Range:183-204
- No. of Pages:22
- Keywords:Migration; citizenship; Turkey
- Summary/Abstract:Turkey has received many immigrants and refugees over the last two decades. The increase in the number of non-citizens has been substantial,especially in times of crisis and war in neighbouring countries, leading to a refugee influx, the most recent of which is over 2.7 million Syrians who have fled the war in their home country. Soykan (2015) has categorised immigrants as those of Turkish descent, foreigners with a work permit, circular migrants,irregular migrants, asylum seekers and refugees, those under humanitarian protection, and guests. Interestingly, since the beginning of the migration of Syrians to Turkey, they have been referred to as guests by the government and the media, although it is unlikely that they will return to Syria anytime soon.
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Legal membership on the Turkish side of the transnational German-Turkish space
Legal membership on the Turkish side of the transnational German-Turkish space
(Legal membership on the Turkish side of the transnational German-Turkish space)
- Author(s):Barbara Pusch
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Geography, Regional studies, Migration Studies
- Page Range:205-226
- No. of Pages:22
- Keywords:German; Turkish; migration; transnational
- Summary/Abstract:According to official records, nearly 4 million people have migrated to Turkey since 1922 and around 2.5 million foreigners were granted residence permits between 2000 and 2013.1 Among all these migrants there are also various groups of movers of Turkish and non-Turkish origin from Germany who have mainly developed and shaped the transnational German-Turkish space.
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Index
Index
(Index)
- Author(s):Author Not Specified
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences
- Page Range:227-228
- No. of Pages:2
