Challenges to Financial Stability – Perspective, Models and Policies - Volume I - A Framework for Modeling Systemic Risk Drivers of Different Markets
Challenges to Financial Stability – Perspective, Models and Policies - Volume I - A Framework for Modeling Systemic Risk Drivers of Different Markets
Contributor(s): Renata Karkowska (Editor)
Subject(s): Economy, Business Economy / Management, Financial Markets, Accounting - Business Administration
Published by: ASERS Publishing
Keywords: banking stability; financial safety; financial crisis; economic depression
Summary/Abstract: During the global financial crisis exchange stock markets fell by more than 40% in Europe, USA or Japan. Real economy stopped, which was seen in international trade, direct investments and industry. These declines illustrate the scale and impact of systemic risk and its local and global consequences. In response, international supervisory and regulators have identified causes of the global financial crisis and took necessary steps to create stability of financial system, discipline in risk-taking, leverage and management of systemic risk. At the present, the global economy is facing some critical factors - supervisory improvement to minimize the risk and its impact of economy and simultaneously market participants examine the multi-faceted nature of regulation. The question is how to make sure that regulation are suitable for potential risk exposure and appropriate to financial institutions capitalization? The other topic is measures of systemic risk factors associated funding, profitability and bank liquidity through stress testing and economic analysis. What is the current level of systemic risk in the global financial system? The increased complexity of financial markets is a relatively new challenge that requires a fundamental shift in our thinking with respect to risk measurement. But we cannot manage what we do not measure. It is unlikely that a single measure of systemic risk will suffice. We anticipate that the variety of inputs ranging from financial stability, liberalization, concentration, and connectedness will all be revealing. Meaningful measurement requires a clear definition of systemic risk and thoughtful modeling of it. There are three major components to the challenge of monitoring systemic risk: the availability of data, modeling and measurement. Practical aspects of monitoring of systemic risks are, therefore, high on the policy of regulatory and supervisory community. Meet to this crucial problems regulators discuss aspects of macro-prudential frameworks, including Basel III capital buffer and monitoring of financial systems in order to detect vulnerability signs. Last years, policy makers, regulators and academics have been exploring questions related to financial stability, systemic risk and regulation. Thus, the goal of this book -Challenges to Financial Stability - Perspective, Models and Policies - is to encourage the exchange of new ideas about challenges in global trends in finance in the view of wide aspects of current critical perspective of financial system evolution. This special book addresses answers of these difficult questions. The target audience for this publication is academics, researchers and policy makers engaged in various disciplines such as evolution of the financial system, empirical financial analysis, macro and micro economic, including banking, currency and capital market, financial market liberalization and regulation, risk measurement & management. I expect that this special book will shed light on some of the challenges to stability of global financial system. The book consists of 19 chapters that are organized in 2 volumes - I. A Framework for Modelling Systemic Risk Drivers of Different Markets; II. Towards the Financial Stability -Macroprudential Policy and Perspective.
Series: Financia ASERS Collection
- E-ISBN-13: 978-606-8689-02-9
- Print-ISBN-13: 978-606-8689-01-2
- Page Count: 249
- Publication Year: 2014
- Language: English
Banking Stability for Financial Stability
Banking Stability for Financial Stability
(Banking Stability for Financial Stability)
- Author(s):Vighneswara Swamy
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, National Economy, Business Economy / Management, Financial Markets
- Page Range:8-46
- No. of Pages:39
- Keywords:financial stability; instability; banks and financial institutions; indicator; crisi
- Summary/Abstract:This chapter while emphasizing the importance of the concept of financial stability in wake of recent global financial crisis in particular and other (banking and financial) crises in general attempts to highlight the significance of the soundness of banking sector in emerging economies where banking sector constitutes a lion’s share in the financial system. This study investigates banking stability by structuring a recursive micro panel Vector Auto Regressive (VAR) model and corroborates the significance of the interrelatedness of the bank-specific variables such as; Liquidity, Asset Quality, Capital Adequacy and Profitability. This chapter while underscoring the prominence of financial stability in wake of recent global financial crisis in particular and other (banking and financial) crises in general argues that the soundness of banking sector in banking dominated financial system of emerging economies is of great significance in ensuring financial stability. Further, the chapter offers an in-depth review of literature on financial stability in backdrop of the ongoing definition debate for financial stability. A significant contribution of this study is in establishing that liquidity in the banking dominated financial system is reciprocally related with asset quality, capital adequacy, and profitability of constituent banks by employing a robust panel data drawn from 56 leading banks for a period of 12 years. Another contribution of this study is that, employing the most appropriate key determinants of banking sector soundness, the chapter models a simple and basic axiomatic form of banking stability index (BSI) in the context of an emerging economy banking sector.
- Price: 25.00 €
The Index of the Financial Safety of a Country: Estimation and Forecast
The Index of the Financial Safety of a Country: Estimation and Forecast
(The Index of the Financial Safety of a Country: Estimation and Forecast)
- Author(s):Roman MATKOVSKYY
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Accounting - Business Administration
- Page Range:47-77
- No. of Pages:31
- Keywords:Financial safety; index of financial safety (IFS); forecast; Bayesian vector autoregressive (BVAR) model; MCMC
- Summary/Abstract:This chapter proposes an approach to explore and forecast the strength of the financial system of a country against the possibility of financial disturbances appearing based on the construction of the Index of Financial Safety (IFS) for the country with the application mainly to South Africa. Testing the methodology of the IFS is made with the application to Turkey, Germany and the USA. To forecast changes in IFS of South Africa, BVAR models are used. The Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) and Gibbs sampler technique are used to estimate a Bayesian Vector Autoregressive Model of the IFS.
- Price: 25.00 €
The Bank Capital: An Insurance Perspective
The Bank Capital: An Insurance Perspective
(The Bank Capital: An Insurance Perspective)
- Author(s):Ekaterina Panttser, Weidong TIAN
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Accounting - Business Administration
- Page Range:78-99
- No. of Pages:22
- Keywords:capital insurance; insurance capital; too big to fail
- Summary/Abstract:This chapter presents an insurance framework of the bank capital by introducing a new type of capital, namely, an insurance capital. A bank pays the insurance capital to an entity which injects a pre-determined payout of capital during the period of systemic crisis. The predetermined payout relies on the aggregative loss of a banking sector, so this contract between the bank and the entity is a capital insurance contract. In a rational expectations equilibrium setting, the entity charges an appropriate premium while the banks purchase an optimal amount of the insurance. We demonstrate that, both the entity and the banks have motivations to participate in this capital insurance program due to their increased expected utilities (welfare) respectively. The total systemic risk ex post within the capital insurance program is reduced and can be even removed eventually after repeatedly entering the capital insurance program. Therefore, this insurance capital idea should be endorsed to hedge the systemic risk and to deal with the “too big to fail" issues.
- Price: 25.00 €
Is the Central and Eastern European Banking Systems Stable? Evidence from the Recent Financial Crisis
Is the Central and Eastern European
Banking Systems Stable? Evidence from the Recent Financial Crisis
(Is the Central and Eastern European
Banking Systems Stable? Evidence from the Recent Financial Crisis)
- Author(s):Renata Karkowska
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Business Economy / Management, Financial Markets
- Page Range:100-120
- No. of Pages:21
- Keywords:systemic risk; banking system; instability; emerging markets; Merton option model
- Summary/Abstract:Systemic risk is a very important but very complex notion in banking and how to measure it adequately is challenging. We introduce a new framework for measuring systemic risk by using a risk-adjusted balance sheet approach. The measure models credit risk of banks as a put option on bank assets, a tradition that originated with Merton model. We conceive of an individual bank’s systemic risk as its contribution to the potential sector-wide net. In this regard, the analysis of public commercial banks operating in 7 countries from Central and Eastern Europe, show potential risk which could threaten all the financial system. The chapter shows how risk management tools can be applied in new ways to measure and analyze systemic risk in European banking system. The research results are a systemic risk map for the CEE banking systems. The study finds also instability of systemic risk determinants.
- Price: 25.00 €
The Impact of Liberalization on Financial Volatility: The Case of Transition Economies
The Impact of Liberalization on Financial Volatility: The Case of Transition Economies
(The Impact of Liberalization on Financial Volatility: The Case of Transition Economies)
- Author(s):Christopher A. Hartwell
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Financial Markets
- Page Range:121-142
- No. of Pages:22
- Keywords:financial liberalization; volatility; institutions; Bayesian model averaging; transition
- Summary/Abstract:Volatility of financial markets has been a relevant topic for transition economies, as the countries of Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union have seemingly endured higher levels of volatility in their financial sectors during the transition process. But what have the common determinants of this financial volatility been? This chapter posits that financial liberalization in tandem with institutional change helped to ameliorate financial volatility in transition. Examining 20 transition economies in a new monthly dataset from 1989-2010, this chapter uses Prais-Winsten and GMM methods to test this proposition. The results from these regressions support the thesis that greater internal liberalization and more advanced property rights, help to dampen financial sector volatility. While the interaction of financial liberalization and property rights does appear to increase volatility, this effect is dominated by the moderating influence of internal liberalization and better property rights at their levels.
- Price: 25.00 €
Fresh Patterns of Liberalization, Bank Return and Return Uncertainty in Africa
Fresh Patterns of Liberalization, Bank Return and Return Uncertainty in Africa
(Fresh Patterns of Liberalization, Bank Return and Return Uncertainty in Africa)
- Author(s):Simplice A. Asongu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, National Economy, Business Economy / Management
- Page Range:143-165
- No. of Pages:23
- Keywords:liberalization policies; capital return; Africa
- Summary/Abstract:This chapter complements exiting African liberalization literature by providing fresh patterns of two main areas. First, it assesses whether African banking institutions have benefited from liberalization policies in terms of bank returns. Second, it models bank return and return uncertainty in the context of openness policies to examine fresh patterns for the feasibility of common policy initiatives. The empirical evidence is based on 28 African countries for the period 1999-2010. Varying non-overlapping intervals and auto regressive orders are employed for robustness purposes. The findings show that, while trade openness has increased bank returns and return uncertainties, financial openness and institutional liberalization have decreased bank returns and reduced return uncertainty respectively. But for some scanty evidence of convergence in return on equity, there is overwhelming absence of catch-up among sampled countries. Implications for regional integration and portfolio diversification are discussed.
- Price: 25.00 €
Analysis of Global Risks and Factors of Financial Stability: Models of Financial Stability in the Entrepreneurship of Banking Sector from Slovakia
Analysis of Global Risks and Factors of Financial Stability: Models of Financial Stability in the Entrepreneurship of Banking Sector from Slovakia
(Analysis of Global Risks and Factors of Financial Stability: Models of Financial Stability in the Entrepreneurship of Banking Sector from Slovakia)
- Author(s):Dana Kiseľáková
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, National Economy, Business Economy / Management, Accounting - Business Administration
- Page Range:166-186
- No. of Pages:21
- Keywords:global risks; risk indexes; credit risk management; bank’s profitability; and regression models
- Summary/Abstract:The objective of this chapter is to analyze global risks with focus on credit risk management in the entrepreneurship of the banking sector and identify selected factors of financial stability of banking sector from aspect of profitability in the economy of Slovakia, using regression modelling. The method of empirical sector analysis, regression and correlation analysis and risk indexes are used in this chapter. The relationships between the dependence of the banking sector and macroeconomic development from aspect of stability have been surveyed spanning a period of nine years (2004-2012) or twelve years (2001-2012) through construction of regression models. Regression models accurately reflect the real development in Slovakia. Factors of credit quality and decreasing of credit risk show common features for the banking sectors in other countries of the EU in context of global crisis and proceeding impacts of global crisis based on existence of common relationships and dependences. These models can be applied in other countries of the EU and present implications for economic decisions-making in the field of financial stability and prevention of risks.
- Price: 25.00 €
Financial Crisis and Economic Depression: “Post Hoc ergo Propter Hoc”? Implications for Financial Asset Valuation and Financial Regulation
Financial Crisis and Economic Depression: “Post Hoc ergo Propter Hoc”? Implications for Financial Asset Valuation and Financial Regulation
(Financial Crisis and Economic Depression: “Post Hoc ergo Propter Hoc”? Implications for Financial Asset Valuation and Financial Regulation)
- Author(s):Nikos STRAVELASKIS
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Financial Markets
- Page Range:187-210
- No. of Pages:24
- Keywords:crisis; financial crisi; asset valuation; rate of profit; rate of profit of enterprise; financialization
- Summary/Abstract:It was more than four decades ago when James Tobin stressed the fallacy underlying the Latin motto "Post Hoc ergo Propter Hoc". His point was that a causal relation, back then between money and income, must rely on something more than time precedence. However, this fact has not received proper attention, contemporary literature explains the current depression from the financial crisis which preceded it and its' resolution depends on proper rules of financial regulation. This chapter argues different, the current depression resulted from weak growth reflecting weak profitability. We show that under this reasoning financial crisis episodes are highly probable, serving as the trigger of depressions. The latter implies that financial assets valuation depends on a highly variable required rate of return, contrary to the postulations of modern investment theory. Highly volatile asset returns places financial markets in a world of true uncertainty as opposed to calculable risk. This shred of realism gives different meaning and limitations to financial regulation. Any regulatory policy monitoring liquidity or solvency ratios can prove insufficient as zero or weak growth turns unstable, an event usually preceded by increased amounts of speculative investments. Therefore, financial regulation should focus on what kind of assets financial intermediaries can sell and what kind of assets banks, pension funds, corporations and the broad public can hold to protect taxpayers from future bailout costs at least in part.
- Price: 25.00 €
Insurance as a Means of Risk Transfer
Insurance as a Means of Risk Transfer
(Insurance as a Means of Risk Transfer)
- Author(s):Elena Šira, Katarina Radvanska
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Accounting - Business Administration
- Page Range:211-230
- No. of Pages:20
- Keywords:risk; risk management; risk transfer; insurance; Herfindahl–Hirschman Index; concentration ratio
- Summary/Abstract:This chapter provides an overview of basic definitions and divisions of risk. It contains characteristics of risk management and a description of its components. Risk management is designed for different strategies and one of them is the transfer of risk, which can be done in several ways. One of them is the insurance. Insurance is one of the most common ways how businesses cope with risk. Therefore, there are given the basic characteristics of insurance and insurance market in the next section. One of the ways how to assess the market is to analyze its concentration. For the assessment of the concentration of insurance markets in selected countries were used Herfindahl-Hirschman Index and concentration ratio.
- Price: 25.00 €