Cena víťazstva. Odvlečenie obyvateľov z územia Československa, Maďarska a Poľska do Sovietskeho zväzu v rokoch 1944-1945
„The Price of Victory“. Abduction of Citizens from Slovakia and Neighbouring Countries to the USSR in 1944–1945
Contributor(s): Attila Simon (Editor), Martin Pekár (Editor), Zuzana Tokárová (Editor)
Subject(s): History, Recent History (1900 till today), Special Historiographies:, WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), Fascism, Nazism and WW II
Published by: Fórum Kisebbségkutató Intézet
Keywords: abduction;world war II;labour camps;gulag;
Summary/Abstract: This publication, the subject of which is the Gulag phenomenon and the mass abduction of citizens from Central Europe to Soviet labour camps, mostly consists of written versions of conference papers. The conference entitled „The Price of Victory“. Abduction of Citizens from Slovakia and Neighbouring Countries to the USSR in 1944–1945 was held in Košice on 24 November 2016, and its organizers—the Forum Minority Research Institute and the History Department of the Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice—invited experts on the theme from four countries (Slovakia, Hungary, Poland and Ukraine).
- Print-ISBN-13: 978-80-89249-93-0
- Page Count: 124
- Publication Year: 2017
- Language: Slovak
Európa ne prelome
Európa ne prelome
(Europe at the Turn)
- Author(s):Marek Syrný, Martin Pekár
- Language:Slovak
- Subject(s):WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), Cold-War History
- Page Range:9-22
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:Europe;Slovakia;history;1945;cold war;
- Summary/Abstract:The study focuses on the military and diplomatic events at the end of the war with the emphasis on promoting the interests of the Soviet Union in Central Europe. It also pursues an internal political race in the renewed Czechoslovak Republic and the first post-war political or economic measures. The main aim of this study is the characterization of the most important selected factors and context of the deportations of the population from Slovak area to the Soviet Union at the turn of 1944/1945.
Slováci v zajateckých táboroch NKVD
Slováci v zajateckých táboroch NKVD
(Slovaks in the NKVD Prison Camps)
- Author(s):Stanislav Mičev
- Language:Slovak
- Subject(s):WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), Cold-War History
- Page Range:23-42
- No. of Pages:20
- Keywords:Slovakia;GULAG;GUPVI;1945;History;
- Summary/Abstract:The issue of Slovak prisoners of war in the prison camps in the Soviet Union during the Second World War was only on the margin of public interest. There are some new findings brought by research in the Russian State Military Historical Archive. The result of this research is the study about the fates of the Slovak people in the prison camps in the Soviet Union during the first post-war years.
Zavlékání československých občanů z dnešního území České republiky do SSSR po roce 1945
Zavlékání československých občanů z dnešního území České republiky do SSSR po roce 1945
(The Deportation of Czechoslovak Citizens from the Present Territory of the Czech Republic to the USSR after 1945)
- Author(s):Jan Dvořák
- Language:Czech
- Subject(s):WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), Cold-War History
- Page Range:43-51
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:Czechoslovakia;1945;USSR;Persecution;Deportation;
- Summary/Abstract:After the fall of the Communist regime in 1989 there were published several publications, studies and articles about the deportation of Czechoslovak citizens from the present territory of the Czech Republic to the USSR after 1945. In 2002 the Czech Parliament even adopted a law compensating these victims. Despite this, it is still an issue which Czech historiography has not yet deal with sufficiently. In recent years the professional and non-professional public pays only marginal attention to this. The article provides a basic overview of the current state of knowledge. It focuses on basic issues such as the state of the sources, the specialized literature, the numbers of deported people and the circumstances of their returns.
GULAG a ženský fenomén
GULAG a ženský fenomén
(GULAG and the Female Phenomenon)
- Author(s):Peter Juščák
- Language:Slovak
- Subject(s):WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), Cold-War History
- Page Range:53-66
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:female phenomenon;personal testimonies;labour camps GULAG
- Summary/Abstract:The study Gulag and the female phenomenon shows the position of women in labour camps of the GULAG system after the Second World War. These women were taken from the territory of former Czechoslovakia during the movement of the front across this territory. The paper is based on personal testimonies of living women, their relatives or offspring. The author also quotes the written testimonies of other sufferers, who were meeting with women in the camp. The study is also based on the literature related to labour camps GULAG. The author points out that the Communist regime distinguished only minimally between the position of woman and man in labour camp. For this reason, the position of the woman in the labour camp was much more difficult.
"Malenkij robot" a plány o československom národnom štáte
"Malenkij robot" a plány o československom národnom štáte
(Forced Labour of Hungarians in the Soviet Union and Plans on Czechoslovak Nation State)
- Author(s):Attila Simon
- Language:Slovak
- Subject(s):WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), Cold-War History, Ethnic Minorities Studies
- Page Range:67-78
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:malenkij robot;forced labour;Southern Slovakia;repatriacja;nation state building
- Summary/Abstract:This study details how forced labour of Hungarians in the Soviet Union - also referred to as "málenkij robot" meaning "little work" in Russian - affected Hungarians in Slovakia. The author provides a short introduction to the historiography of the subject and outlines the history of abductions, but the study's core rests with the examination of what was the attitude of the Czechoslovak government toward the repatriation of Hungarians abducted from the territory of the then northern Hungary, currently southern Slovakia. The author observes that the Prague government pursued a selective repatriation policy and it made every effort to prelude their return to their homeland. That means the abducted Hungarian population of southern Slovakia became victim of the autocratic Soviet power and, at the same time, of the ambitions to build a Czechoslovak nation state.
Poznámky k problematike vojnových zajatcov v súvislosti s výmenou obyvateľstva medzi Československom a Mašdarskom
Poznámky k problematike vojnových zajatcov v súvislosti s výmenou obyvateľstva medzi Československom a Mašdarskom
(Notes to the Issue of War Prisoners in Context of Exchange of Population between Czechoslovakia and Hungary)
- Author(s):Štefan Šutaj, Barbara Kacerová
- Language:Slovak
- Subject(s):WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), Ethnic Minorities Studies
- Page Range:79-96
- No. of Pages:18
- Keywords:war prisoners;exchange of population;Czechoslovak-Hungarian Mixed Commission
- Summary/Abstract:The question of war prisoners on the negotiations about population exchange, while in Agreement of Czechoclovak-Hungarian population exchange it was not mentioned. The interest of the Czechoslovak authorities was focused mainly on Slovaks who, as members of the Hungarian army, were in Soviet prison camps. The Czechoslovak-Hungarian Mixed Commission was one of the realization instrument of population exchange and it made decisions about its mechanism realization. The Mixed Commission for population exchange and it made decisions about its mechanism realization. The Mixed Commission for population exchange was dealing with the war prisoners issues in proposal for a decision of Mixed Commission from October 3, 1947. In the proposal was specified conditions for registration and resettlement war prisoners and their family members. The rise of the communist regime in Czechoslovakia in 1948 created conditions for changes in Czechoslovak-Hungarian relations, what was reflected also in the solution of Hungarian war prisoner's issue. The Czechoslovak-Hungarian Mixed Commission accepted in October 1948 decision no. 56 about resettlement of war prisoners, associating and exclusion and backward resettlement, in which was setting out the conditions for resettlement of war prisoners and their family members. Thanks to accepting the decision there were created formal conditions for the repatriation of war prisoners from USSR in the context of population exchange.
Hromadné deportácie civilného obyvateľstva z Maďarska v rokoch 1944-1945
Hromadné deportácie civilného obyvateľstva z Maďarska v rokoch 1944-1945
(Abduction of Civilian Population from Hungary in the years 1944-1945)
- Author(s):Béni L. Balogh
- Language:Slovak
- Subject(s):WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), Post-War period (1950 - 1989)
- Page Range:97-104
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:history of Hungary;málenkij robot;forced labour;Soviet Union;
- Summary/Abstract:In the late 1944 and the beginning of 1945, a mass abduction of innocent civilian population was committed by the Soviet troops entering Hungary. These unsuspecting people were transported to the Soviet Union as prisoners of war or internees. Although we do not have exact data on their number, historians' estimates put the number of abducted civilians between 100-110 thousand and 170-180 thousand. In the background of abductions there was mainly the extreme labour shortage in the Soviet Union, but there were another three reasons, or rather justifications: supplementation of the number of prisoners of war, intention of ethnic cleansing (on territories outside the Trianon borders, so first of all in Transcarpathia), and the German minority. Until the second half of the 1980s, it was even prohibited to implicitly refer to atrocities committed by the Red Army. After the regime change, a systemic exploration of sources had begun in the Hungarian archives, and ever since more and more local history books, monographs and documents collections are published on the issue.
Odvlečenie maďarského obyvateľstva z územia Podkarpatskej Rusi
Odvlečenie maďarského obyvateľstva z územia Podkarpatskej Rusi
(Deportations of Hungarian Civilian Population from Transcarpathia)
- Author(s):Erzsébet Molnár D.
- Language:Slovak
- Subject(s):WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), Ethnic Minorities Studies
- Page Range:105-112
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Soviet occupation;deportations;Transcarpathia;málenkij robot
- Summary/Abstract:At the end of the World War II took place the most tragic events of the Transcarpathian Hungarians. According to the Doctrine of Collective Guilt the consequences of the lost World War for ten thousands of people belonging to these ethnics there were deportations and forced labour. The Soviet will to punish the Hungarian and German nations was also obvious in the case of Transcarpathia, as Stalin decided to attach this territory to the Soviet Union. According to professional opinions the biggest ethnical clean up in the territory of Hungary at the time took place in Transcarpathia in order to annex the area to the Soviet Union smoothly. Systematic, ruthless imposition of the Soviet regime began in Transcarpathia in October 1944, when the soldiers of the Soviet Army, exactly the 4th Ukrainian Front appeared in the region. The aim of the paper is to present the main aspects of the deportations of Hungarian civilian population from Trasncarpathia.
Odvlečenie občanov Poľska do Sovietskeho zväzu v rokoch 1944-1945
Odvlečenie občanov Poľska do Sovietskeho zväzu v rokoch 1944-1945
(The Deportation of Polish citizens to the Soviet Union in 1944-1945)
- Author(s):Mateusz Gniazdowski, Dariusz Rogut
- Language:Slovak
- Subject(s):WW II and following years (1940 - 1949)
- Page Range:113-122
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:Poland;Soviet Union;deportations;Armia Krajowa;
- Summary/Abstract:It is no accident that Sándor Márai's words are often quoted in Poland, according to which the Soviet soldier brought us liberation from the German occupation but he could not bring freedom because he was not free himself. The violent establishment of the communist regime in Poland began faster than in Hungary or Czechoslovakia. In 1944 the Polish government in exile and Polish resistance which was subordinate to it approached the Soviet Union as an "ally of our allies". In connection with the military defeats of the Wehrmacht, the Polish resistance started operation "Burza" (storm). It was an armed struggle against the Germans with the aim of liberating Polish territories before the arrival of the Soviets, possibly in cooperation with them. But the Soviets began to disarm Polish partisan troops and they were often sent to camps in the Soviet Union. Until the autumn of 1946, Polish communists were not able to effectively fight against the "internal enemy"and the Soviet 64th NKVD division remained in Poland until spring 1947. The numbers of Poles in Soviet camps gradually reached the thousands - more than 30,000 were interned, more than 10,000 were locked in filtration camps, and more than thousand were convicted in Soviet forced-labour camps. Several categories of persecuted persons can be identified - the "interned" soldiers of the Polish resistance, the "disloyal" civilians of the eastern territories of Poland, those accused of crimes against the Soviet rule, those press-ganged into the Red Army. There were also Polish citizens whom the Soviet authorities treated as Germans and sent them to forced-labour camps. Approximately 80-95,000 Poles were deported from January 1944 to the end of the decade, but these estimates do not include Polish citizens of other nationalities, as well as the difficult to identify number of Poles who were deported as Germans. The Soviet authorities on the territory of Poland often behaved as if they were hostile occupied territories, and for many Poles - especially for those persecuted and deported - it was a further period of occupation.
Autori / Editori
Autori / Editori
(Authors/Editors)
- Contributor(s):Author Not Specified (Editor)
- Language:Slovak, Czech, Polish, Hungarian
- Subject(s):Essay|Book Review |Scientific Life
- Page Range:123-123
- No. of Pages:1