Proceedings of the 19th International RAIS Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities
Proceedings of the 19th International RAIS Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities
Contributor(s): Minouna Zitouni (Editor)
Subject(s): Social Sciences, Economy, Education, Media studies, Business Economy / Management, Communication studies, Sociology, Higher Education , Social development, Management and complex organizations, Criminology, Economic development, Migration Studies
ISSN: 2578-8574
Published by: Scientia Moralitas Research Institute
Keywords: Business Economy / Management; Higher Education; Criminology; Economic development; Migration Studies; Financial Markets;
Summary/Abstract: The 19th International RAIS Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities held on October 18-19, 2020, was organized by the Research Association for Interdisciplinary Studies.
- E-ISBN-13: 978-1-945298-33-2
- Page Count: 209
- Publication Year: 2020
- Language: English
Stock Price Informativeness and Profit Warnings: Empirical Analysis
Stock Price Informativeness and Profit Warnings: Empirical Analysis
(Stock Price Informativeness and Profit Warnings: Empirical Analysis)
- Author(s):Adel K. Almasarwah
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Economic development, Financial Markets
- Page Range:1-14
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:Profit Warnings; Jordanian Firms; Stock Price Informativeness; Synchronicity;
- Summary/Abstract:This study investigates the nature of association between profit warnings and stock price informativeness in the context of Jordan as an emerging country. The analysis is based on the response of stock price synchronicity to profit warnings percentages that have been published in Jordanian firms throughout the period spanning 2005–2016 in the Amman Stock Exchange. The standard of profit warnings indicators have related negatively to stock price synchronicity in Jordanian firms, meaning that firms with a high portion of profit warnings integrate with more firm-specific information into stock price. Robust regression was used rather than OLS as a parametric test to overcome the variances inflation factor (VIF) and heteroscedasticity issues recognized as having occurred during running the OLS regression; this enabled us to obtained stronger results that fall in line with our prediction that higher profit warning encourages firm investors to collect and process more firm-specific information than common market information.
On the Collective Moods of Booms and Busts: Socio-Psychological Foundations in External Shock Communication and Social Volatility in the COVID-19 Economic Fallout
On the Collective Moods of Booms and Busts: Socio-Psychological Foundations in External Shock Communication and Social Volatility in the COVID-19 Economic Fallout
(On the Collective Moods of Booms and Busts:
Socio-Psychological Foundations in External Shock Communication and Social Volatility in the COVID-19 Economic Fallout)
- Author(s):Julia M. Puaschunder
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Theory of Communication, Social psychology and group interaction, Health and medicine and law, Social Norms / Social Control
- Page Range:15-21
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:Collective moods; Communication; Coronavirus; COVID-19; Digitalization;
- Summary/Abstract:The currently ongoing novel Coronavirus-crisis is an external shock coming down on society with direct impact on societal moods and subsequently connected economic changes. With growing digitalization and quickening of transfer speed, information exchange in the individual involvement to break trends online on a global scale may impose unknown systemic risks in causing social volatility in international economics. Research may explore how human beings’ communication and interaction results in socially constructed volatility that echoes in economic correlates. This paper proposes to explore the role of communication and temporal foci in pandemic communication to create social volatility underlying economic downturns with attention to international differences. Comparing the economic consequence of the endogenous crunch of the 2008 World Financial Recession with the external economic shock of the COVID-19 pandemic could aid to retrieve crisis-specific recovery recommendations. Understanding how the social compound forms economic outcomes promises to explain how market outcomes are developed in society and can be shaped by strategic communication with special attention to new media technologies.
Habits of Mind for Entrepreneurship Education
Habits of Mind for Entrepreneurship Education
(Habits of Mind for Entrepreneurship Education)
- Author(s):Deon Van Tonder, Adri Du Toit
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Adult Education, Economic development
- Page Range:22-31
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:21st century skills; entrepreneurial mindset; entrepreneurship education;
- Summary/Abstract:Entrepreneurship education is vital to ameliorate the high youth unemployment rate in South Africa. As part of efforts to augment entrepreneurship education, purposeful teacher training is needed. Integral in this pursuit is the amendment and development of teachers’ entrepreneurial mindset. The concept of ‘mindset’ is, however, ambiguous, as literature uses this term interchangeably with concepts such as 21st century skills, soft skills, non-cognitive skills, or character strengths. When a new teacher training program for entrepreneurship education was being developed, it was necessary to investigate and analyze all these skills or characteristics, to ascertain which aspects should be included in the program to contribute to the entrepreneurial mindset that was envisioned for these teachers. An exploratory qualitative literature review was conducted from a constructivist point of view. Accessible literature on ‘entrepreneurship education’ and ‘entrepreneurial mindset’ was systematically and thematically analyzed to explore the contribution of various types of skills and characteristics to the construction of an entrepreneurial mindset, in preparation for entrepreneurship education. The findings revealed that several skills, characteristics and habits contribute to the development of positive entrepreneurial mindsets. These included several references to the ‘Habits of Mind’ proposed by Costa and Kallick (2008). Subsequent comprehensive analysis was conducted to explore the pertinence of the Habits of Mind for developing teachers’ entrepreneurial mindsets as part of their preparation to facilitate entrepreneurship education. A recommendation was made for the inclusion of all the Habits of Mind to contribute to fostering positive entrepreneurial mindsets as part of teacher training for entrepreneurship education.
An Exploration of Barriers Female Engineers Face in the Workplace
An Exploration of Barriers Female Engineers Face in the Workplace
(An Exploration of Barriers Female Engineers Face in the Workplace)
- Author(s):Tyene Houston
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Gender Studies, Labor relations
- Page Range:32-39
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Female engineer; career barriers; gender bias; a global economy; oil and gas company;
- Summary/Abstract:The global focus to attract more females to the engineering profession and oil and gas companies are of paramount importance. There is a dire need to train and cultivate female engineers to increase economic advancement and innovation. Worldwide, the demand for those equipped with engineering expertise exceeds the talent pool pipeline. Despite laws enacted to mitigate gender discrimination, implicit gender bias persists in the workplace. Correspondingly, these challenges permeate against a backdrop of a crippling shortage of qualified engineers, and the high number of those who will retire within the next decade. To power future engineering and energy projects, it will require educators, policymakers, industry leaders, and philanthropists alike working collaboratively to infuse effective strategies that are drivers for pipelining talented female engineers. While the body of knowledge is extant around the shortage of women pursuing careers in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields, the management literature has gaps regarding strategies successful female engineers employ to lead rewarding careers. The purpose of this research informed by Bandura’s (1986) Self-Efficacy Theory is to understand the beliefs, attitudes, and outcome expectations of successful female engineers who experience barriers in the workplace.
Discernment Issues in Context of Juvenile Delinquency
Discernment Issues in Context of Juvenile Delinquency
(Discernment Issues in Context of Juvenile Delinquency)
- Author(s):Nicoleta-Elena Heghes, Cristina-Gabriela Schiopu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Behaviorism, Criminology, Penal Policy
- Page Range:40-45
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:delinquen; underage; discernment; psychiatry; penalty;
- Summary/Abstract:The latest statistics have shown a rise of juvenile delinquency over the the past 10-20 years. Not only the number of offences have risen but also the character of the offences have become more complex. Law enforcement has faced this phenomenon unprepared and it’s systems of penalty, reeducation and social reinsertion of these youngsters have failed in many cases as the approach on this matter has failed to solve psycho-social and familial problems that reside under the behavioral deviation of youngsters. The truth is that dealing with a child in law system has a more complex and difficult elements the need to be considered, unlike adult delinquency. From under 10 years old to 18 or 21 years there is an abrupt and oscillating evolution of the child’s psychology, personality and cerebral physiology with complex influences by near environment, social and familial factors, intellectual and emotional stimulation. Juvenile delinquency needs to be a multidisciplinary evaluation of the youngster and a complex psychological and psychiatric evaluation of the child’s discernment and personality in order to insure a healthy social adaptation and integration of the future adult.
Importance of Stakeholders for Balanced Executive Compensation and Shareholder Value Maximization
Importance of Stakeholders for Balanced Executive Compensation and Shareholder Value Maximization
(Importance of Stakeholders for Balanced Executive Compensation and Shareholder Value Maximization)
- Author(s):Ivana Marinović Matović, Danijela Pavlović, Jana Cvijic Rodic
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Financial Markets
- Page Range:46-51
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:executive compensation; stakeholders; shareholder value; agency problem;
- Summary/Abstract:Designing of executive compensation is undergoing significant changes in contemporary business conditions. Stakeholders directly influence, with varying but strong intensity, the design and administration of compensation models. Each group of stakeholders has different, sometimes conflicting, goals. In order to achieve the right balance of interests, in terms of rewarding the highest managerial levels, shareholders, the Board of Directors, other stakeholders and managers need to clearly define goals. The paper analyzes the importance of stakeholders in the process of designing balanced executive compensations, which leads to an increase in shareholder value. The aim of this paper is to explain the importance of balancing the different stakeholders’ interests in the process of designing executive compensations, in order to achieve shareholder value maximization.
Jurisprudential Analysis in Matters of Discrimination. Jurisdictional Competence of the National Council for Combating Discrimination
Jurisprudential Analysis in Matters of Discrimination. Jurisdictional Competence of the National Council for Combating Discrimination
(Jurisprudential Analysis in Matters of Discrimination. Jurisdictional Competence of the National Council for Combating Discrimination)
- Author(s):Adina Georgeta Ponea
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Social differentiation
- Page Range:52-61
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:principle of non-discrimination; forms of discrimination; disadvantaged category; equal opportunities; contentious administrative;
- Summary/Abstract:Any person who considers himself discriminated against may refer to the National Council for Combating Discrimination which will investigate the alleged acts of discrimination and decide on their existence or non-existence. According to its legal consecration, the Council is the state authority in the field of discrimination, under parliamentary control and at the same time it is a guarantor of the observance and application of the principle of non-discrimination, in accordance with the domestic legislation in force and international documents to which Romania is a party. The jurisdictional activity of the Council, finalized with the pronouncement of a decision, can be censored by the administrative contentious court which, re-evaluating the administered evidence, will rule on its legality and validity.
Overambition as Disability: Discrimination of Excellence
Overambition as Disability: Discrimination of Excellence
(Overambition as Disability: Discrimination of Excellence)
- Author(s):Julia M. Puaschunder
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Higher Education , Social differentiation
- Page Range:62-66
- No. of Pages:5
- Keywords:Aversion against excellence; Disability; Discrimination of excellence, Inequality; Justice; Outperformance; Overambition;
- Summary/Abstract:This paper draws attention to discrimination of excellence in order to propose an inequality alleviation strategy in connecting overachievers with discriminated-against minorities. Discrimination of excellence is the unjust treatment of outperformers and overachievers. Defining discrimination of excellence and describing the implicit mechanisms of aversion against excellence depicts overambition as handicap. Overambition may thereby become a disability. This article first introduces the concept of discrimination of excellence, to then draw inferences about overachievement being comparable to a disability. Lastly, discrimination of excellence alleviation strategies are proposed.
Surmounting the Disconnect in Practical Lessons between Curriculum Expectations and Learners’ Prior Experiences
Surmounting the Disconnect in Practical Lessons between Curriculum Expectations and Learners’ Prior Experiences
(Surmounting the Disconnect in Practical Lessons between Curriculum Expectations and Learners’ Prior Experiences)
- Author(s):Adri Du Toit
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Higher Education , Inclusive Education / Inclusion
- Page Range:67-75
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:Consumer Studies; cultural inclusivity; curriculum expectations;
- Summary/Abstract:Home Economics, Consumer Studies and other similar subjects can contribute valuable learning to the lives of learners. Efforts to globalize the contents of these subjects have, however, occasionally led to a loss of cultural inclusivity in curricula, as has been the case in South Africa. Notwithstanding the South African educational landscape needing to cater for diverse cultures, the Consumer Studies curriculum still mainly focuses on Western knowledge and skills, particularly the selection of products that learners must make in food production lessons. This leaves especially African learners feeling disconnected and unmotivated to perform well or succeed in the subject. The overarching aim of the research was to frame recommendations in the form of practical suggestions as part of efforts to surmount this disconnect in order to broaden the perceived and experienced value of food production in Consumer Studies for a wider range of culturally diverse South African learners. A qualitative case study was employed to explore if and how a Consumer Studies teacher at a school consisting of mostly African learners was attempting to overcome the disconnect between the curriculum expectations and learners’ prior experiences. Interviews and site visits were conducted to collect data, and the data were then thematically analyzed from an interpretivist perspective. The findings indicate a substantial disconnect between the expectations of the teacher (informed by curriculum requirements) and the prior experiences and learning expectations of her learners, especially as regards the qualities of successful food products. Two recommendations are made: first, the teacher should use demonstrations as a teaching method to improve learners’ familiarity with products; and second, clear visual images should be displayed to learners to aid them in understanding the expected outcomes of the products they have to make in practical lessons.
Attitudes, Personality and Organizational Behavior
Attitudes, Personality and Organizational Behavior
(Attitudes, Personality and Organizational Behavior)
- Author(s):Maria Daniela Pipaş
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Organizational Psychology, Behaviorism, Human Resources in Economy
- Page Range:76-79
- No. of Pages:4
- Keywords:personality, attitudes; organizational behavior; employees; change;
- Summary/Abstract:An interesting topic, often approached in scientific studies and followed insistently by the human resources departments of large companies is represented by the relationship between attitudes, personality and organizational behavior. Given that personality means diversity and is determined by both genetic factors and the individual's past learning, we can argue that during the process of gaining experience, with age, personality is susceptible to change which leads to changes in attitude and organizational behavior. In general, the sociological approach to attitude relates to social values. Psychological points of view investigate attitudes according to certain aspects of the personality: motivation, emotional states, cognition or behavioral dispositions. It is well known that attitudes precede behaviors. Of interest to those who lead groups is to know to what extent attitudes foreshadow behaviors and what is the connection between motivation, attitude and behavior. Regarding the organizational behavior, we are especially interested in the attitude towards work, respectively the satisfaction of the employees and the connection between it and the organizational performance.
General Information Regarding Criminality Related to Political Conditions
General Information Regarding Criminality Related to Political Conditions
(General Information Regarding Criminality Related to Political Conditions)
- Author(s):Tiberiu Viorel POPESCU
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Criminal Law, Criminology
- Page Range:80-83
- No. of Pages:4
- Keywords:criminal law; criminology; crime, criminality;
- Summary/Abstract:Crime related to political conditions is a rare topic in socio-human research. This issue, at least in terms of state crime, can be paradoxical compared to the role that the state and the political regime have in social organization. However, taking into account the specifics of this type of crime, the mentioned issue can be addressed in criminological studies, starting from the specifics of this autonomous science that benefits its own concepts, different from the concepts with which criminal law operates. In this study we will also assess the extent to which and the situations in which the State as an entity can infringe on social values that it should defend through the multiple levers at its disposal, in the context in which it cannot be subject to criminal law. And, if this was ever possible, what was the social reaction to this circumstance? How can one react to crime related to political conditions whenever it could be identified in one of today's societies?
Managing Supply Chains in a Post-COVID World
Managing Supply Chains in a Post-COVID World
(Managing Supply Chains in a Post-COVID World)
- Author(s):John Rocha, Kruti Lehenbauer
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Health and medicine and law, Economic development, Transport / Logistics
- Page Range:84-90
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:COVID-19; Supply Chain disruptions; Logistics; SCM; Technology in SCM;
- Summary/Abstract:The COVID-19 disruption resulted in reactive and uncoordinated logistics behaviors creating a crisis that impacted the viability of many companies worldwide (Choi, Rogers, and Vakil 2020). The purpose of this study is to suggest how to resolve the issues facing supply chain logistics by first identifying the supply chain disruptions of the past and then analyzing the resulting consequences of these disruptions. We propose to show how fragile the supply chain system in the United States is by demonstrating how existing technologies have not yet been exploited to their full potential, which would help to reduce the vulnerability of supply chains in the United States to new and unprecedented disruptions. We conclude by offering some potential solutions to combat this vulnerability in the supply chain and related logistics by incorporating existing technologies to reduce the impact of future disruptions, whether they are created by policy, by possibility, or by pandemic!
Exploratory Research of 4IR Impact in Different Areas of Activity
Exploratory Research of 4IR Impact in Different Areas of Activity
(Exploratory Research of 4IR Impact in Different Areas of Activity)
- Author(s):Florian Râpan, Ivona RĂPAN
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Labor relations, Human Resources in Economy
- Page Range:91-96
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:4IR; exploratory research; sustainability; robots; labor market force;
- Summary/Abstract:Recently, in last few months, due to the emergence and amplification of the COVID-19 crisis, Industry 4.0 or the so called 4IR has developed rapidly in various areas of activity such as economic, social, medical, environmental, education, military and not only. This spread of technology has went through among the pillars of sustainability creating new needs, new types of demand and new forms of employment. The labor market has suffered from the replacement of employees with robots and robot process automation (RPA) by eliminating errors, vanishing and generating new jobs. Developing collaborative platforms have led to a new employee salary payment system and to a new way of working among employees. Assisted artificial intelligence operates instead surgeons with high precision. Internet of Things creates a personal network of the individual through which all the objects with which he interacts daily are harmoniously correlated only using a simple Internet connection. Globally and according to the UNO 2030 Agenda, the direction set is to digitize and implement technologies and tools in the Industry 4.0 that will lead to technological progress and the growth of emerging economies and even more growth to the developed ones. The paper comprise an exploratory research, a comparison analysis conducted in different areas of activity to settle the implementation of industry 4.0 within the regions and countries, generating a development ranking progress and forecasts for 2025.
Online Exchanges and Inquiry-based Learning: Implications for Nurturing Learners’ Intercultural Communication Skills
Online Exchanges and Inquiry-based Learning: Implications for Nurturing Learners’ Intercultural Communication Skills
(Online Exchanges and Inquiry-based Learning: Implications for Nurturing Learners’ Intercultural Communication Skills)
- Author(s):Murod Ismailov
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Education, Culture and social structure , Theory of Communication, Sociology of Culture
- Page Range:97-100
- No. of Pages:4
- Keywords:online exchanges; intercultural communication; inquiry-based learning;
- Summary/Abstract:With the advance of the Internet technologies, online international exchanges are becoming an essential element of teaching and learning communication and collaboration. Some virtual exchanges focus especially on developing learners’ intercultural communicative competence. One of the main challenges for learners engaged in this form of virtual exchanges is that not all participants may be familiar with specific aspects of their own lingua-culture. This conceptual study attempts to develop an inquiry-based model of online intercultural exchange by incorporating the 5E Learning Cycle Model which includes learning stages, such as engagement, exploration, explanation, elaboration, and evaluation. We argue that the combination of online intercultural learning and inquiry-based learning could help facilitate sharing of a more authentic lingua-cultural knowledge between online partners. Also, the inclusion of the elements of inquiry-based learning in online international collaborative projects might have a positive impact on promoting informed intercultural exchange.
Considerations on the Vices of Consent at the Conclusion of the Civil Legal Act in Romania
Considerations on the Vices of Consent at the Conclusion of the Civil Legal Act in Romania
(Considerations on the Vices of Consent at the Conclusion of the Civil Legal Act in Romania)
- Author(s):Cristian Dan
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Civil Law, Social development
- Page Range:101-105
- No. of Pages:5
- Keywords:civil law; violence; deceit; error; injury; vice of consent;
- Summary/Abstract:Any civil patrimonial report born, modified or extinguished and of great value is concluded by one person, in the case of unilateral acts, or several persons in the case of bilateral or multilateral acts. The legal act, however, in order to be valid, ends with the observance of the essential conditions to produce its effects in exactly as the parties agreed at the time of their manifestation of will. However, even with the best of intentions, there are situations where the act is affected by certain vices of consent such as error, and other times when at least one of the parties pursues a hidden interest and uses certain malicious maneuvers or even violence to cause the other party to conclude a legal report. In these circumstances, if the vice is proved, the act thus concluded entails the sanction of relative nullity. The paper aims to analyze each of the vices of consent to the conclusion of legal acts from the perspective of civil law related to the legislation in force in Romania and the fundamental law of the Romanian state, viewed from the perspective of other branches of law closely related to civil law. Some conclusions at the end of the paper will aim to combine the four vices of consent and explain its entire content.
Dancing into Dual Leadership
Dancing into Dual Leadership
(Dancing into Dual Leadership)
- Author(s):Susan Figeac, Kruti Lehenbauer
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Management and complex organizations, Economic development
- Page Range:106-113
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:dual leadership; non-profit dance; sustainability; regression analysis;
- Summary/Abstract:The source of revenue for nonprofit performing arts organizations has shifted over time with the continuous reduction of government support. Nonprofit performing arts organizations are faced with the dilemma of financial and organizational sustainability while continuing to pursue artistic freedom. Companies in the performing arts industry are typically structured with a “dual leadership” and a dual mission: artistic and operational. This study addresses the influence of leadership structure and board member involvement on the financial performance of nonprofit dance organizations. This study expands on previous research and analyses the impact of leadership structure on unearned and earned revenue sources in the dance sector. The first portion of this study comprises of a literature review that explores existing research on leadership structure, board member influence, and revenue composition in nonprofit organizations and identifies if the dance sector performs as expected, in general. In the second portion, we perform a regression analysis exploring the relationship between revenues and leadership structure for a sample of 135 dance organizations based in Texas. We find that while the literature supports a dual leadership model for maximizing revenues, the simple linear base model estimates do not conform to this expectation for dance organizations in Texas. However, the estimates obtained from a log-linear model, suggest that dual leadership and board member participation contribute positively and significantly to the financial performance of those organizations.
Criminological and Philosophical Explanations for the Formation of Homicidal Ideation and the Role of Serotonin (5-HT) in Controlling Aggressive Behavior
Criminological and Philosophical Explanations for the Formation of Homicidal Ideation and the Role of Serotonin (5-HT) in Controlling Aggressive Behavior
(Criminological and Philosophical Explanations for the Formation of Homicidal Ideation and the Role of Serotonin (5-HT) in Controlling Aggressive Behavior)
- Author(s):Gabriel Tănăsescu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Criminal Law, Studies in violence and power
- Page Range:114-119
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:homicidal ideation; serotonin (5-HT); amygdala; aggressive behavior;
- Summary/Abstract:From a criminological point of view, the passage to the act represents the concrete materialization of the volitional act of crime, but also the manifestation of the homicidal ideation (hidden in the darkness of the unconscious) as an active shadow of the darkness of criminal preparation (before thiking), which opens its death drive, in the intangible world of the symbolic and penetrates the reality of criminal causality. From a philosophical point of view, it must be explained how the unconditionality of the crime becomes an essential condition for the commission of the criminal act. This article also analyzes the effect of serotonin (5-HT) in the neural control of the manifestation of aggressive behavior. Impulsive aggression, depression, personality disorders, drug abuse, are associated with a dysfunction in the serotonin system (5-HT). The neurobiology of violence examines the serotonergic system and proposes in some cases therapeutic action. The role of the amygdala in the process of emotional, affective and motivational representations is essential. Imaging studies that reported significant correlations between amygdala activity and emotional memory are also analyzed.
The Great Psychology behind the Marketing Scene
The Great Psychology behind the Marketing Scene
(The Great Psychology behind the Marketing Scene)
- Author(s):Ionuț-Alexandru Horhogea
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Behaviorism, Marketing / Advertising
- Page Range:120-123
- No. of Pages:4
- Keywords:psychology; marketing; selling products; exploit;
- Summary/Abstract:Zoon Politikon may be considered the main byname of human beings. It is ought to the similarities between each individual and animal, regarding involuntary instincts. The fundamental reason for our top placement as humans, in nature, is given by ability to think and promptly react according to it. Considering that, should we take advantage of others’ involuntary instincts when it comes about marketing? As the concept of marketing is a truly complex matter, we could minimize the stress of understanding it by arranging it like a family tree. All we have to do is to exchange our relatives from it with fundamental principles of marketing and psychology and place them from bottom to top, former representing the most important aspects and latter, the least. But what if we want to “cut this tree” as a metaphor for selling a product to a customer while taking advantage of his involuntary instincts? Let’s find out in the following.
The Impact of Privatized Media on National Development and Programme Quality: A Nigerian Case Study
The Impact of Privatized Media on National Development and Programme Quality: A Nigerian Case Study
(The Impact of Privatized Media on National Development and Programme Quality: A Nigerian Case Study)
- Author(s):Hadiza Wada
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Media studies, Social development
- Page Range:124-130
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:Nigerian Media; Media and development; development communication;
- Summary/Abstract:This work studied the trends set so far by privately owned radio stations after almost thirty years of operation in Nigeria. The Nigerian professional media history goes back a long way, with the recording of the first modern style newspaper in 1859. Radio came in the early 1930s, and television in 1959. But it was not until August 24, 1992 with the proclamation of a military decree No. 38, more than a century later, that media professionals in Nigeria were able to officially register privately owned radio and television stations through the National Broadcasting Commission. It’s been almost thirty years of privatized media operations, but not much empirical studies have been conducted to measure the impact of privatized media on the industry, trends established so far, as well as impact on the nation’s economic, political and social development. A survey of employees of two private radio stations was conducted. Program quality in comparison to government owned media was rated very high by the respondents, while ownership influence in programming decisions was a major hindrance, so also financing problems. Data was analysed within the framework of developmental media theory. It was recommended that the government generate and commit to solid short, medium, and long term development plans for the media to complement with advocacy and programming content. And for the stations to find alternative ways of fundraising to allow them function more in line with their professional calling and expectations, while serving public interests.
Based Proposals for the Elimination of the Quality of a Magistrate held by Romanian Prosecutors
Based Proposals for the Elimination of the Quality of a Magistrate held by Romanian Prosecutors
(Based Proposals for the Elimination of the Quality of a Magistrate held by Romanian Prosecutors)
- Author(s):Bogdan David
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Constitutional Law, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law
- Page Range:131-134
- No. of Pages:4
- Keywords:Magistrate; prosecutor; legal inequity; fair trial;
- Summary/Abstract:In the Romanian justice system, the prosecutor is still assigned the quality of magistrate. We consider that this is a legal inaccuracy that belongs to a decadent line of justice that affects the legal system, creating real and justified doubts among litigants. The present study aims, through judicious legal references, to convince the parliamentarians of the Legal Commission, to propose for debate the elimination of the quality of magistrate, which the Romanian prosecutors have, they having a double hierarchical subordination: legal (from superiors) and political (from the part of the Minister of Justice, which proposes the leaders of the supreme prosecutor’s offices); therefore, the prosecutor has no powers to establish one’s guilt or innocence and the title of “magistrate” is this inappropriate for him, as he is a “State attorney”, similar to what in the US is called a “District attorney”. In arguing this study, we will start from the analysis of the terminology of the name “magistrate”, as it was known since antiquity, the Middle Ages and later in the Roman legal system. Until the installation of the communist regime, the Romanian diachronic legal system kept the natural valences of this profession of prosecutor, but, unfortunately, after Romania was liberated from the communist totalitarian system in 1989, this decadent legal position was maintained, relative to maintaining the quality by the “magistrate” of the prosecutor.
Traits of Effective Leaders: A Literature Review
Traits of Effective Leaders: A Literature Review
(Traits of Effective Leaders: A Literature Review)
- Author(s):Christopher Ardueser, Kruti Lehenbauer
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Gender Studies, Education, Business Economy / Management, Management and complex organizations
- Page Range:135-143
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:Leadership Traits; Gender; Age; Education; Effectiveness;
- Summary/Abstract:Utilizing research to identify an effective leader is essential for creating a strategic business operational leadership model. The purpose of this literature review is to focus on select objective and less objective traits of leadership among individuals who are in those positions. We explore literature on objective leadership traits such as gender, age, education level, and job satisfaction level and on the less objective traits such as integrity, energy level, and business knowledge, among others. The goal is to evaluate the hypothesis that some, if not all, of these traits contribute significantly to effective leadership by analyzing the available literature about traits of an effective leader. We will explore the theories that have been proposed on this subject in the literature, identify to what degree researchers have investigated these theories, and try to confirm which of these traits continue to significantly be related to successful leadership. The purpose of this paper is to generate a thorough literature review which can later provide a reliable platform for further qualitative, quantitative, or mixed-methods research to create standards that business practices can utilize as a model for leadership identification and integration.
General Principles of Legal Devolution Exceptions
General Principles of Legal Devolution Exceptions
(General Principles of Legal Devolution Exceptions)
- Author(s):Adriana Tulus
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Civil Law, Social development
- Page Range:144-152
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:succession, heirs; civil code; devolution; principles; exceptions;
- Summary/Abstract:As far as my choice for this subject is concerned, I should say that I chose it because I considered that it concerns one of the most important institutions in succession matters being necessary in order to establish both the order of the coming to the inheritance among the classes of heirs, but also the priority of the coming to the inheritance of the relatives of the deceased who belong to the same class of heirs. The general principle of legal devolution means that basic rule, which is capable of wide-ranging application; a guiding idea, common to all legal relations aimed at legal development. The devolution of the inheritance is the attribution of the inheritance to certain heirs. By inheritance representation, a legal heir of a more distant degree, appointed representative, ascends, by law, to the rights of his ascendant, appointed representative, in order to reap the part of the inheritance which would have been due to him if he had not been unworthy of the deceased or deceased at the time of the opening of the inheritance. With regard to the term of “successors” and that of “heirs”, in the new Civil Code they designate the same person: the one called to the inheritance, but the term heir is preferred. The successor is sometimes used as a synonym for the term “heir”, but it is also used with a distinct meaning, also existing in the old Civil Code: that of heir who accepted the inheritance, who is in a situation of individuation with the other successors.
From Homo Oeconomicus to Homo Praeventicus
From Homo Oeconomicus to Homo Praeventicus
(From Homo Oeconomicus to Homo Praeventicus)
- Author(s):Julia M. Puaschunder
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social development, Health and medicine and law
- Page Range:153-158
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:Artificial Intelligence; Coronavirus; COVID-19; Discounting;
- Summary/Abstract:Standard economic models primarily captured human beings to be rational utility maximizers in the homo oeconomicus model. Behavioral economics addressed human decision making fallibility in a wide range of studies including laboratory and field experiments as well as big data. The currently ongoing COVID-19 crisis now underlines the importance of a healthy work environment. The medicine of the future is believed to prevent diseases instead of just treating their consequences. There is an expected shift from modern medicine’s focus on acute treatment to address the inherently-underlying preventive measures that diseases would have a more favorable trajectory or are even avoidable at all. The homo praeventicus model may focus on preventing diseases and working in advance on favorable immune conditions that avert negative outbreaks of pandemics or determine a healthier state when falling sick. The homo oeconomicus offers as a remedy to chronic diseases and a reduction of a global cost escalation for medical care. Because we have to live with environmental burdens on our health, a change of direction towards prevention is recommended and the implementation of homo praeventicus models envisioned.
Exploring Cognitive Functions of Demand through the Teachings of Abhidharma
Exploring Cognitive Functions of Demand through the Teachings of Abhidharma
(Exploring Cognitive Functions of Demand through the Teachings of Abhidharma)
- Author(s):Dilshani N Ranawaka, Rushan Ranawaka
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Micro-Economics
- Page Range:159-162
- No. of Pages:4
- Keywords:Abhidharma; Demand; NeuroEconomics; Greed; Micro-analysis;
- Summary/Abstract:Economics and Abhidharma (in-depth dharma teachings by the Buddha) rarely emerge together in interdisciplinary discussions due to the contradictory nature of the two disciplines. Economics is identified as the dismal science which attempts to understand how limited resources should be distributed in a way that satisfies unlimited wants so as to maximize satisfaction (utility) with demand being one of the core concepts. It is known that the demand occurs because of three reasons: willingness to buy, the ability to pay now, in the present. With the surfacing of neuroEconomics which looks at how thoughts and brain functions when making decisions, Abhidharma can be very useful in providing insights as to how thoughts functions. According to Abhidharma, “greed” is the nucleus when demand is looked in a micro-level. Citta (Consciousness), also known as thoughts and chaithasika, identified as the thought processes in Abhidharma, can be used to guide and provide a different outlook to the concept of ‘demand’ in Economics. This paper hopes to pursue the knowledge of eight folds in lobha (greed); one of the theoretical elements of Abhidharma in assessing how demand in Economics occurs.
The Importance of Negotiation in the Public Procurement Process
The Importance of Negotiation in the Public Procurement Process
(The Importance of Negotiation in the Public Procurement Process)
- Author(s):Janetta Sirbu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Public Administration, Theory of Communication, Adult Education
- Page Range:163-170
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:negotiation; communication; negotiating partners; public procurement; contracts;
- Summary/Abstract:Negotiation has been and is one of the key elements when it comes to business success. The largest companies in the world were founded as a result of the abilities of their leaders to manage to find the optimal balance between personal goals and objectives, and at the same time, the respect and the knowledge to know when and how to relate to the negotiating partner. Negotiation is present in all areas of our lives, and trade negotiation is just an extended aspect of negotiation that already takes place at every moment, in different everyday situations. Negotiation is first and foremost a form of communication: negotiating means communicating in the hope of reaching an agreement. International trade negotiation is an organized process of communication between companies, which aim to gradually adapt their interests related to the object of negotiation in order to achieve a mutually acceptable business agreement, materialized in the international contract. In the process of applying the procedures for awarding public procurement contracts, the contracting authority, through the internal department specialized in awarding public procurement contracts, has a number of tasks, such as: elaboration of an annual public procurement program, elaboration of award documentation or the tender documentation, the fulfillment of the obligations regarding publicity, the application and completion of the award procedures, the constitution and keeping of the public procurement file.
Demographic Factors and Brand Experience Affecting Sport Brand Advocacy of Consumers in Khon Kaen Province
Demographic Factors and Brand Experience Affecting Sport Brand Advocacy of Consumers in Khon Kaen Province
(Demographic Factors and Brand Experience Affecting Sport Brand Advocacy of Consumers in Khon Kaen Province)
- Author(s):Kritthana Janwattanaphanit, Pensri Jaroenwanit
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Demography and human biology, Marketing / Advertising
- Page Range:171-176
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:Brand Experience; Brand Advocacy;
- Summary/Abstract:The purpose of this research was to study the demographic and brand experience factors that affected the brand advocacy in sporting goods businesses. The sample groups were the consumers who have used these services before and currently still used sport. The number of the consumers was 400 persons. The research instrument was a questionnaire. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics such as frequency, mean, and standard deviation, t-test, f-test, one way ANOVA and Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Coefficient at 0.05 level of statistical significance.The result of the research indicated that demographic characteristics and brand experience factors had different effects on the consumer sports brand advocacy in Khon Kaen Province significantly at .05 levels.
Synthisophy – Integrating the Wisdoms of History into Present Culture. Part II - Summary of Chapters 16 through 30
Synthisophy – Integrating the Wisdoms of History into Present Culture. Part II - Summary of Chapters 16 through 30
(Synthisophy – Integrating the Wisdoms of History into Present Culture. Part II - Summary of Chapters 16 through 30)
- Author(s):Andre Houle
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Cultural history, Social development
- Page Range:177-186
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:synthisophy; history; science; politics;
- Summary/Abstract:This paper is an introduction to synthisophy: roots, mission, description and conclusion.
Ernesto de Martino - Mircea Eliade. Contrast
Ernesto de Martino - Mircea Eliade. Contrast
(Ernesto de Martino - Mircea Eliade. Contrast)
- Author(s):Aurelia Sabiescu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Culture and social structure
- Page Range:187-190
- No. of Pages:4
- Keywords:mystery; the irrational; history; abstract category; intellectual;
- Summary/Abstract:It is important to say that a decisive part within De Martino’s process of intellectual becoming is represented both by the evolution of his thinking process starting from theories and concepts that he initially embraces, which he later abandons or nuances, but also by his relationship with other intellectuals, that is the dialogue he had with these and the extremely fruitful role of reciprocate criticism. It is what we actually find within the things exposed above. A remarkable thing to notice is the dialogue between Ernesto de Martino and Mircea Eliade. But before formulating some conclusive remarks of these reciprocate exchange of impressions and objections on the theoretical level regarding their implications on De Martino’s work, it is important to bear in mind some substantial aspects of De Martino’s major influences prior to his dialogue with Eliade. Starting from his initial argument, which he expressed when he was young, on the importance of the necessity of exploring the world of mystery, but also from the major loss of western thinking of ignoring this subject, De Martino structures his analytical work on Benedetto Croce’s conceptual basis. After internalizing Croce’s perspective on history, even on mystery, De Martino takes over on Croce’s basic idea of the mystery’s own existence as imaginary abstract category, which reason cannot define accurately, but particularly emphasizes on the western world accumulation of prejudices (pre-conceived ideas) on this topic. Moreover, De Martino notices the essence of Croce’s idea, which he takes and applies conscientiously as methodologic landmark of his entire work: the fact that, the irrational, which is an intricate aspect linked to the “mystery” theme, operates on the level of history.
Dimension of Interfaith Harmony in Albanian Culture
Dimension of Interfaith Harmony in Albanian Culture
(Dimension of Interfaith Harmony in Albanian Culture)
- Author(s):Genti Kruja
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Cultural history, Culture and social structure
- Page Range:191-199
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:Albanian culture; civilization; interfaith harmony; Besa; interfaith dialogue;
- Summary/Abstract:In its general meaning, “culture” is defined as a spiritual non-material world in the life of different societies, while civilization is defined as, a material world reflecting cultural values. Sociological sciences, particularly during the twentieth century, have given a broader meaning to the concept of culture. In addition to artistic, scientific and philosophical creativity, the contemporary sociological concept of culture includes the totality of activities and of the ways of living of its society members (Dervishi 2003, 5). The concept of culture is one of the most used notions in sociology. Culture consists of the values that members of a group own, the norms they respect and the material goods they possess. Values are abstract ideals, while norms are defined principles or rules which people must follow. Norms determine what should and what should not be done. According to sociologist Giddens, culture consists of lifestyles, clothing, ceremonies, traditions, and customs and so on. Culture as a concept is distinct from society; however, there are close ties between the two notions. Society is the system of mutual relationships that connect individuals of the same culture. No culture or society can exist without each other (Giddens 2007, 43). In the traditional Albanian culture, stand out values such as patriotism and devotion, self-sacrifice in the cause of homeland, humanism which can go up to extreme altruism, the desire to be educated, generosity and honesty. In the system of values of the traditional Albanian culture, the most prominent values, the ones that distinguish it from other European cultures and beyond, are Besa (pledge of honour), hospitality and religious tolerance (Dervishi 2003, 31).
Familicide: Psychological and Social Characteristics of the Aggressors. A Case Study
Familicide: Psychological and Social Characteristics of the Aggressors. A Case Study
(Familicide: Psychological and Social Characteristics of the Aggressors. A Case Study)
- Author(s):Andrei Armeanu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Psychology, Studies in violence and power, Victimology
- Page Range:200-206
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:familicide; domestic violence; abusive relationship;
- Summary/Abstract:Generic defined as a multiple-victim homicide incident in which the killer’s spouse and one or more children are slain, familicide is an atypical crime, with little incidence compared to other acts of domestic violence. In the present article, we will list several psychological and social features identified in the literature as common to aggressors in familicide cases. Given the fact that familicide acts are almost exclusively committed by men, we will assume that the aggressor is a man and the victim a woman. We will analyze data on the age, social status of the author and the victim, and their relationships. We will also analyze the contextual factors, the characteristics of the crime (modus operandi, premeditation, place of the deed), and the prevalence of mental health problems, relationship problems, and financial difficulties. As the scientific literature on the topic is relatively scarce, due to the low number of cases and the fact that access to relevant information is often restricted because of the confidentiality of legal and health documents, we will carry out a case study of a familicide that took place in Romania in 2018, focusing on the analysis of motivational factors and the pre-existing conditions, without claim of a comprehensive conclusion.
Ethical and Behavioral Standards in Online Communities
Ethical and Behavioral Standards in Online Communities
(Ethical and Behavioral Standards in Online Communities)
- Author(s):Kristine Kirst
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Ethics / Practical Philosophy, Behaviorism, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
- Page Range:207-209
- No. of Pages:3
- Keywords:online community; rules; behavioral standards; ethical values;
- Summary/Abstract:The term “community” once meant a group of people living together in a local neighborhood or perhaps it meant a group of people that met at a certain time and place to talk and enjoy each other’s company. However, the world has grown smaller as technology has advanced, and people are now reaching out via technology and the virtual world to build worthwhile connections. This has given rise to the popularity of online communities. Online communities are formed by people from all different backgrounds who share a common interest or goal (Johnson 2014). Any person can be a part of any community, even if they have never met in person. This link is a blessing and a curse because, while it brings people together, it also brings together their geographical, socioeconomical and even cultural backgrounds. Differences in these can clash and wreak havoc on the sustainability of the online community if guidelines are not outlined. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to reveal a rationale for ethical and behavioral standards for online communities as well as an overview of how my personal worldview influences said rationale. It will also include a set of standards so both management and participants can ensure a respectful and beneficial community experience.
