Patočkova kritika metafyziky v kontexte Nietzscheho a Heideggerovej filozofie
Patočka’s critique of metaphysics in a connections of Nietzsche’s and Heidegger’s philosophy

Author(s): Dušan Hruška
Subject(s): Metaphysics, Ethics / Practical Philosophy, Existentialism
Published by: Masarykova univerzita nakladatelství
Keywords: Patočka; Nietzsche; Heidegger; platonism; metaphysics; morality;
Summary/Abstract: The idea of negative platonism, formulated by Jan Patočka in the early 50’s, can be understood as an interpretation of the history of philosophy, with a special reference to it’s Greek origin. It opens the way to critical thinking in connection with the metaphysical tradition and to the formulation of basic phenomenological themes, but ultimately it leads to the reconstruction of the conditions for further Greek interpretation of the Christian heritage. Patočka reconstructs the approach of Greeks understanding of metaphysics in the sense of shifting from a non-objectivizing way of understanding the world as a whole to fulfilling the ambition of a systematic knowledge of absolute reality. Based on this, Patočka proposes a new reading of Plato – a sphere of thought, separated from empirical reality, becomes a symbol of human freedom, which is understood as the ability to overcome the (objective) world, creating the possibility of understanding it as an absolute horizon. Then the concept of freedom refers to the hidden subject of metaphysics, with a more explicit rethinking of this problem in the context of Patočka’s reflections associated with selected problems of Nietzsche and Heidegger’s philosophy.

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