Тhe Economic Potential of the Vehicle Grid Technology in Bulgaria
Тhe Economic Potential of the Vehicle Grid Technology in Bulgaria

Author(s): Silviya Nikolova
Subject(s): Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, National Economy, Business Economy / Management, Energy and Environmental Studies, Environmental and Energy policy, Transport / Logistics, Green Transformation
Published by: Университет за национално и световно стопанство (УНСС)
Keywords: electric mobility; charging infrastructure; V2G
Summary/Abstract: It is difficult to define in a few words all the developments that have brought about humanity's ability in the 21st century to harness one source of energy and transform it into another, for the sole purpose of making the world smaller. It has been 150 years since mankind used scientific advances to achieve one of the most important requirements of modern society: rationing, stock transfer, and market diversification. The invention of the automobile and its natural integration with society not only changed the world but also simplified its existence to a degree unthinkable in previous civilizations. The modern personal mobility device commonly referred to as the “automobile” has become more than just a means of transportation and now symbolizes the coupling of the latest technological advances with everyday life. Not far from this term, an electric-driven, motor-less vehicle has emerged. This vehicle brought with it the advantages of rechargeable electric toys: clean, noiseless, smoke-free, environmentally safe, and the ability to convert potential difference into electric current for mobility purposes. Furthermore, the stored electrical energy moves in the required direction according to human commands. It is the physical reallocation of power and its direction of use from both sides: from the power grid to the user and from the user to the power grid. Especially in the automotive industry, vehicle-to-grid technology represents the final coupling mechanism between the availability of the conventional power grid and motorized energy transfer. It opens the door for the first time to new players in the traditional grid management system: the energy users themselves. With large energy storage devices, such as electric vehicles, in their hands, households can take advantage of the link between supply and demand by reversing the direction of consumption at a national penetration level. Bulgaria is not excluded in the electric vehicle market as part of the European policy to promote a greener society. However, the use of electric vehicles is still limited in Bulgaria today, mainly due to the underdevelopment of the charging network. Therefore, this study takes into account the future development of the EV charging network and overlooks the possibilities of introducing next-generation technologies, which will allow for proper implementation of network augmentation and maximization of the grid capacity. Various scenarios will be modeled, including V2G with no control over charging/discharging timing, V2G scenarios with time control, and opportunistic grid development, utilizing both industry-controlled G2V and non-controlled individual user V2G.

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