Od ksenofobii do dyskryminacji
From Xenophoby to Discrimination

Author(s): Kamil Exner
Subject(s): Politics / Political Sciences, Anthropology, Social Sciences, Cultural Anthropology / Ethnology
Published by: Ośrodek Badawczy Facta Ficta
Keywords: migrations;ethnicity;nationalism;xenophobia;discrimination;Ukraine;Poland
Summary/Abstract: Kamil Exner in the chapter From xenophobia to discrimination presents the current situation of middle-class young Ukrainian migrants living in Krakow. The author points out and problematises the tensions on the boundary of both ethnical groups—Poles and Ukrainians—looking for the sources of potential conflicts and their repercussions. The international relations between Poland and Ukraine, particularly in the last five years, have not been created any obstacles for intense and decades lasting migration from the East to the West. They were (and still are) caused by a number of reasons—political, economic, or personal. The text presents the results of Exner’s several months’ research. The fieldwork, engaging young Ukrainian speaking people arrived into Krakow not earlier than in 2012, has denuded all the difficulties, complexity of their relations with Poles, and stereotypes basing on historical background and stigmas (sensu Ervin Goffman). The author tries to re-define the concept ‘discrimination’ for the needs of social sciences, which leads to the risky conclusion that all the acts of micro-aggression, hate-speech, or symbolic power against one’s interlocutors are not fulfilling all criteria of a the said phenomenon. Exner therefore proposes to introduce the term of ‘discriminational behaviours’ to differentiate miscellaneous situations and tensions occurring within the multifaceted and ambivalent relations between Ukrainians and Poles as well as in the context of the Revolution of Dignity and revival of the Volhynia debate.

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