International Migration Policy, Law And Governance In Nepal: An Overview
International Migration Policy, Law And Governance In Nepal: An Overview

Author(s): Deepak Chaudhary
Subject(s): Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Governance, Asylum, Refugees, Migration as Policy-fields
Published by: Transnational Press London
Keywords: Exploitation; international migration; immigration; policy; trafficking;
Summary/Abstract: This paper aims to analyze the laws and policies relating to international migration in Nepal and its challenges. International migration has been a major source of income for many Nepali households for decades. 57 per cent of the households depend on international migration and it contributes 26 per cent to the national GDP. Nepal issued over 4 million labor permits to migrant workers between 2008 and 2018, and amongst over 176,000 are women. Besides, it is believed that there are many people abroad illegally. Despite abundant benefits, there are also challenges. Available data and literature reveal that challenges like exploitations and trafficking also persist. Moreover, more than 6,000 Nepalese migrants returned home in coffins over a decade. Nepal government has been attempting to address these problems and challenges through laws and policies. For instance, Foreign Employment Policy 2012 has some provisions regarding international migration, such as training, psycho-social counseling, and rehabilitation centers under the Foreign Employment Welfare Fund and creating productive investment for returning migrants. Ministry of Labour Employment and Social Security is an apex body of migration governance and responsible for periodic monitoring and evaluation of the policies and implementations. Despite such laws, policies, and efforts, international labor migration has frequently been questioned in terms of safety, trafficking, and exploitation. This study analyzes the gaps in policies and actions based on the contents and literature review that will be helpful for policy implication.

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