CEEOL - Search Result

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Improve Wastewater Treatment Methods from Brewing Industry

Author(s): Casen Panaitescu / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Wastewater; treatment; aerob; anaerob;

nalyzing the current waste water treatment possibilities in the brewing industry, finds that an extra amount of oxygen in the system can lead to improved water quality. Also, the need to improve the anaerobic stage may be a technically and economically efficient method. Taking into account these two premises, the paper presents the results obtained by applying the two methods of treatment, and present a comparative study of the water quality before and after the improvement of the purification process.

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Addressing the Acceptance of Students 'Studies in Other Countries in the Context of National Policies and Security Strategies

Author(s): Casen Panaitescu / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Students; security; international relations; strategies;

Access to education outside applicants' country of origin has increased in recent years for some countries, but has also created numerous barriers for others. Thus, for certain specializations, age groups have become representative. Countries with lower taxes and engineering specialties sought on the labor market have applicants from the age group 25-34 years. The other developed countries have a higher proportion of older students in MA and other postgraduate studies, including doctorate. Such countries are Australia, Germany, the Netherlands.The Participation of foreign students in the education system does not take into account the traditional view. Thus, in this paper, a non-random component was developed that uses two tools as evaluation tools: state laws where the prospective student applies and proximity to the applicant's university.

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Considerations on Legal Conflicts of a Constitutional Nature between the President and Other Authorities

Author(s): Crina Mihaela Verga / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: legal conflicts; President; public authorities; Romania;

This study aims, first of all, to present a specific attribution of the Romanian Constitutional Court, introduced by the 2003 revision of the Constitution, namely the settlement of legal conflicts of a constitutional nature between public authorities.In the second part of this article, we comment upon the Constitutional Court’s decisions on the legal conflicts of a constitutional nature between the head of state and different state institutions, in the recent years.Our analysis reveals a permanent deterioration of the relationships between the President and other public authorities, fact which has led to an obvious disruption in the democratic exercise of government.

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The Romanians between the Orient and the Occident

Author(s): Adrian Ignat / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Christianity; Orthodoxy; Latinity; Byzantine-Slavonian rite; Orient; Occident;

Christianity has forever marked the lives of the peoples who have embraced it. Through it, people have understood that this life is not the sole purpose of their existence, that preparing for the encounter of the living God, the One who sacrifices himself on the cross, then to overcome death by the resurrection, is the destination to which we are heading. That is why our entire existence must be placed in the service of God and others, so that we may be placed at the right of the Fair Judge (Matthew 25).This study aims to present some aspects regarding our Latinity and Orthodoxy - as a true bridge between East and West. Also, the influence of the Byzantines in the life of the Romanian people will be analysed as well as the adoption of the Byzantine-Slavonian rite in our medieval culture. Thus, a complex image of our Romanian culture and spirituality specific to the 9th-14th centuries can be drawn.

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Rosenberg’s Questionnaire for Self-esteem Evaluation. Psychometric Considerations. Recalibration

Author(s): Dan Vasiliu / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Self-esteem; Rosenberg Questionnaire; Recalibration;

Rosenberg’s Questionnaire [5] was elaborated for the global evaluation of self-esteem as a unifactorial construct. In the present research I have followed the actualization of the psychometric data of the scale, for the population of Romania, as well as the highlighting of some aspects concerning this one’s factorial structure. The last calibration of the questionnaire was made more than 20 years ago , Baban [1]. I have found, for general population, new values concerning the calibration limits as well as a bi-factorial structure of the items, already signaled in previous research, starting from 2002. I have found, also, differences concerning the standards between participants from the emerging-adult and adult categories. I have built up-to-date standards for the global as well as for the factorial score. The psychometric data have highlighted a good stability of the scale in the test-retest and a consistency good enough (α=0,836) which confirms the usage of the results for research as well as for individual evaluations. This research was made in the time period 2014 – 2018, on a representative sample. 413 participants from the general population of Romania, above 18 years old.

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A Non-Parametric Efficiency Perspective on the Research-Active European Universities Performance

Author(s): Simona Raluca Grădinaru,Anamaria Beatrice Aldea,Alexandru Coser / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Non-parametric efficiency estimators; Free Disposal Hull (FDH) Analysis; higher education; European universities;

Higher Education Institutions often struggle to optimally use their available resources in pursuance of both educational and research outputs, while competing for gathering funds. Furthermore, increasing teaching burden for academic workforce may shrink their time dedicated to research, which may also negatively impact the budget. The aim of this paper consists in examining the efficiency of two important dimensions of European universities (teaching and research), together with a possible ranking based on the models we employ for each of these two perspectives. Our target is to also explore any possible compromises between education and scientific research. We employ non-parametric efficiency analysis using FDH (Free Disposal Hull) and Hyperbolic efficiency estimators for a sample of 264 universities for the year 2014, from the RISIS-ETER facility, a database of European Higher Education Institutions and their indicators. Filters are applied to the initial heterogenous dataset in order to obtain adequate efficiency models that analyse universities performance from both research and teaching perspectives. Teaching efficiency is defined by how well the institutions manage to use their government allocation and academic staff in producing the maximum amount of undergraduate degrees, whereas the research efficiency is given by how well the universities perform in maximizing their research outputs considering only the personnel involved in research activities. The results illustrate that many institutions are focusing into a single direction and some efforts need to be undertaken in order to improve the academic balance between teaching and research. An analysis of each sample is provided and gives us an interesting insight into the European universities’ activities.

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Personality traits and language anxiety: intrinsic motivation revisited

Cechy osobowości i „uczucie niepokoju językowego”: analizując ponownie motywację wewnętrzną

Author(s): Larysa Sanotska / Language(s): English,Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: intrinsic motivation;conscientiousness;openness;risk-taking;self-efficacy;individual beliefs

This paper reports on the outcomes of the comparative study on motivation of learners of English in further-education English Philology programme in Ukraine and Poland. The research aims to determine principle characteristics of intrinsic motivation, which is among the most effective personal management strategies and as such helps build appropriate L2 study skills. Alongside with inborn personality features, such as extraversion/introversion,such traits as conscientiousness, openness, risk-taking and self-efficacy are formed by sociocultural, and in some cases, historical factors. The students from Ukraine and Poland were chosen for the reason of similarities in historical development of the two countries, as well as relatively different ‘paths’ of development in the more recent period. Similarity and diversity factors retrieved from observation, interviews with students an danswers to an open-ended questionnaire provided data which allows to determine the scale of influence of social and historical aspects on decision making and performance of the students alongside with their personal beliefs and expectations. The study also aimed to establish the connection between the systems of individual beliefs of the learners of both countries in the sphere of L2 learning.

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The impact of first language acquisition by blind children on second language learning — didactic implications for foreign language teachers

Wpływ nabywania języka pierwszego przez niewidome dzieci na naukę języka drugiego — implikacje dydaktyczne dla nauczycieli języków obcych

Author(s): Małgorzata Jedynak / Language(s): English,Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: visually impaired;special educational needs;language learning;teacher implications

The paper focuses on learners with special educational needs who are visually impaired due to vision loss. Typhlomethodology has already recognized a potential of these learners in the field of second language acquisition, particularly in the phonological domain. The comparative analysis of blind and sighted learners provides a great deal of information about the nature of language acquisition. In the paper the author has insights into L1 acquisition of pronunciation and lexis by blind children since the command of these phenomena allows better understanding of L2 learning process and application of more effective foreign language methodology for the blind. A discussion on the above-mentioned issues seems particularly relevant in the light of the fact that the Council of Europe promotes in Education and Training 2020 the idea of FL teaching to learners with special educational needs, including these with vision loss.

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Blended Learning as an example of implementation of new technologies in the teaching of foreign languages

Blended learning jako przykład wdrożenia nowoczesnych technologii w proces nauczania języków obcych

Author(s): Ewelina Basińska / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: blended learning model;tele-teaching;modern media

"Blended Learning" is about effectively integrating ICTs into course design to enhance the teaching and learning experiences for students and teachers by enabling them to engage in ways that would not normally be available or effective in their usual environment, whether it is primarily face-to-face or distance mode. The mission of "Blended Learning" is to encourage excellence and innovation in language in the form of online software, which houses all the materials and ICT tools that learners need in one central web platform. Some of the core concepts underlying its design are multimodal L2 input exposure (Plieger, 2006), enhanced input, learner-fit content delivery, interaction (human-computer, human-human, and intrapersonal) through computer supported collaborative and individual learning tasks, as well as a more human-like dimension for positive and corrective feedback. This paper describes the elements of the b-learning model and issues connected with its implementation. "Blended Learning’s" potential for developing skills in a foreign language is examined in the light of academic literature as well as the author’s personal teaching experience and observation.

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European educational programme as a form of cultural and professional cognition

Projekt edukacyjny Unii Europejskiej formą poznania kulturowo- zawodowego

Author(s): Edyta Bochnia / Language(s): English,Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: interculturality;intercultural learning;intercultural competence;vocational training;youth exchange

The processes of globalisation and the development of a common, united Europe entail the migration of people to various parts of our continent. Nowadays migration is mostly related to the search for employment by people at various stages of their lives. The contact with a different cultural and professional reality might be surprising and often arouses feelings which are far from positive. In the context of these processes intercultural competence, now called a key competence, a prerequisite for functioning in the post-modern, multicultural world, is assigned a particular significance. Equally central is, however, becoming familiar with the conditions of a country’s professional culture. Only then can we talk about effective functioning on the European job market. Numerous young people at the stage of high school education declare the will to build their future abroad. Therefore, it is necessary to search for tools which would render it possible for trainees to enter into professional life and cultural reality of a foreign country. One of such tools are the Leonardo da Vinci mobility programmes, which help students grow to know chosen professional fields while simultaneously “immersing themselves” in the deepest cultural strata of a given country. The essence of the above subject matter shall be discussed on the example of a mobility programme carried out in Germany, in the Construction Training Centre.

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How much history is needed in classes of German as a foreign language? The role of historical content in the process of learning and teaching German

Ile historii potrzeba na lekcji języka niemieckiego? Rola treści historycznych w procesie uczenia się i nauczania języka niemieckiego

Author(s): Marta Trzybulska / Language(s): English,Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: culture and society studies;foreign language learning and teaching;historical contents

Language is always used in a socio-cultural context. It is a part of culture; therefore, it is impossible to teach and learn a foreign language excluding knowledge about culture and society. Culture and society studies as an auxiliary discipline of glottodidactics have an interdisciplinary character. They are connected with other fields focused on human and their surroundings, including history. This article aims to show history as an auxiliary discipline of culture and society studies, its role in learning and teaching process and possible criteria of historical contents selection. Also, the results of a questionnaire filled out by students of third grades of high school on the meaning of historical contents during German as a foreign language lessons will be presented.

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Musical ability and its influence on foreign language pronunciation

Wpływ predyspozycji muzycznych na umiejętność wymowy w języku obcym

Author(s): Agnieszka Połać / Language(s): English,Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: musical aptitude;language aptitude;pronunciation skills

This paper aims at presenting the results of a study which addressed the issue of language aptitude with special attention to the influence that musical education exerts on foreign language pronunciation skills. The study was conducted on the basis of the Danish language and consisted of a task that pertained to the production of Danish words and phrases. The participants in the study were two groups of students: musicians from Academy of Music and non-musicians from The Institute of English Studies at the Łódź University. In the present paper the author discusses the results of the task concerning pronunciation skills of both groups of respondents, taking into consideration the point of view of an external consultant, who assessed the performances of the respondents. Moreover, the results of musicians will be juxtaposed with those gained by non-musicians in order to reveal the previously mentioned correlation between musical training and foreign language aptitude. On the basis of the obtained results, it can be concluded that this research indicates that musical and linguistic skills are interconnected.

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Investigating the attitudes towards learning a third language and its culture in Polish junior high school

Badanie podejścia do uczenia się języka trzeciego oraz jego kultury w polskim gimnazjum

Author(s): Zuzanna Kiermasz / Language(s): English,Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: attitude towards language learning;L2;L3

It is believed that attitudes to languages and culture tend to affect achievement in foreign language learning (Baker, 1997). Thus, this factor may be seen as crucial when it comes to the discrepancies in attainment in different languages learnt by the same students. Therefore, it seems vital to investigate variation in attitudes towards both learning L2 together with the approach to the L2 culture and the corresponding issues with respect to L3. Nevertheless, the general attitude towards learning languages needs to be taken into account as well. This article discusses the attitudes towards learning two pairs of languages, specifically: English as L2 and German as L3 and German as L2 and English as L3. A group of lower high school learners from Poland took part in the study and the data was gathered by means of questionnaires, which included both closed and open-ended questions. The study is based on and inspired by a similar survey by Simsek et al. (2007). The main objective of the present paper is to shed light on the well-known problem that students who are reasonably successful in learning L2 have a problem with studying L3 (Hufeisen & Neuner, 2004).

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The use of English by Polish students during French lessons

Użycie języka angielskiego przez polskich uczniów podczas kursu języka francuskiego

Author(s): Joanna Duda / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: the acquisition of French as L3;interference;English during the French course

Most studies concerning interference focus on the role of the native language (L1) in second language (L2) acquisition or production. However, an analysis of this aspect [interference] reveals that learners tend to use other languages that have previously been acquired (i.e. L2, L3,…) as sources for building forms in the target language (i.e. L3, L4,…) (Dewaele, 1998; Williams & Hammarberg, 1998). The aim of this paper is to examine the actual role of English during the French course, and this involves presenting the results of a study conducted among a group of Polish students who learnt French in a language school. The study was carried out to obtain information about the way in which participants use their competence in English (all of them acquired English at a B2 or higher level) to speak/learn French. The article will include examples of French words/expressions which are based on the use of English.

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Memory efficiency enhancement techniques used by Italian teachers working with senior students

Techniki poprawiania wydajności pamięci stosowane przez lektorów języka włoskiego pracujących z seniorami

Author(s): Katarzyna Ciszewska / Language(s): English,Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: teaching seniors;senior language learners

Learning for life (lifelong learning) is becoming more and more popular in Poland. More and more educational centers offer courses tailored to the specific needs of adults and seniors. However, factors influencing the learning process in this age group are still the subject of scientific research. This group is completely different from adolescents or young adults, both in terms of motivation to learn, as well as cognitive abilities. Moreover, it is internally differentiated to a greater extent than other age groups; such aspects as state of health, experiences or lack thereof, social status etc. influence the abilities of this age group. It is common, however, to declare the deterioration of memory performance when compared with earlier periods of life. This is one of the most serious problems faced by teachers working with seniors. In the face of limited subject literature and lack of appropriate textbooks, teachers work out their own solutions. In this article, I present the results of a survey conducted on teachers of Italian working with seniors. I discuss strategies used to improve memory performance of adults, examples of exercises considered the most effective, as well as the teachers` own suggestions developed during seven years of teaching Italian to seniors.

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How do we make use of the knowledge of Present Perfect, Past Simple and Past Continuous when teaching their Spanish “equivalents”?

Jak wykorzystać znajomość czasów Present Perfect, Past Simple i Past Continuous w nauczaniu ich hiszpańskich „odpowiedników”?

Author(s): Witold Sobczak / Language(s): English,Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: tense system;language typology;aspect

The aim of this article is to present the possibilities of making use of the knowledge of Present Perfect, Past Simple and Past Continuous when teaching their Spanish “equivalents”. Taking into account some typological criteria which connect English with Spanish and distinguish these languages from Polish, the researcher will attempt to indicate some basic similarities and differences between Present Perfect, Past Simple and Past Continuous, and their Spanish “counterparts”. Furthermore, the author will endeavour to point out the main reason for the incorrect usage of Past Simple and Past Continuous, and Pretérito Indefinido and Pretérito Imperfecto by Polish speakers due to confusion between the category of aspect and tense.

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Adaptation of educational requirements for foreign languages to individual developmental and educational needs as well as psychophysical abilities of lower primary pupils on the basis of a psycho-pedagogical diagnosis

Dostosowanie wymagań edukacyjnych z języka obcego do indywidualnych potrzeb rozwojowych i edukacyjnych oraz możliwości psychofizycznych uczniów w młodszym wieku szkolnym na podstawie diagnozy psychologiczno-pedagogicznej

Author(s): Werona Król-Gierat / Language(s): English,Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: foreign language;foreign language teacher;educational requirements;special educational needs

According to ministerial directives, foreign language teachers are obliged to adapt educational requirements to pupils’ individual developmental and educational needs as well as psychophysical abilities. Translating recommendations of psycho-pedagogical service centres into specific tasks is teachers’ responsibility and is brought into fruition while being in direct contact with pupils in their charge. At the same time, the planned actions have to ensure the realization of the core curriculum. The interpretation of psycho-pedagogical statements or opinions may cause difficulties for teachers not qualified in special education. Making an effort to meet their needs, the present article focuses on translating bureaucratic paperwork into teaching practice.

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Do tests measure what they are supposed to? On validity of listening comprehension tests

Czy testy mierzą to, co mierzyć powinny? O trafności testów maturalnych sprawdzających rozumienie ze słuchu

Author(s): Emilia Podpora-Polit / Language(s): English,Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: validity;tests;listening comprehension

Validity is considered the most important criterion for the quality of a language test. As Bolesław Niemierko (1999: 179) states, validity guarantees that “everything and only what was supposed to be measured was measured”. The aim of this article is to present the validity notion from the theoretical as well as from the practical point of view. The paper should answer the following questions: What does test validity mean in practice? How can it be recognized that a listening comprehension test is valid? Do school leaving exams in German fulfill the validity criteria?

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Word formation in selected grammar books for teaching Polish as a foreign language

Słowotwórstwo w wybranych gramatykach do nauczania języka polskiego jako obcego

Author(s): Mateusz Gaze / Language(s): English,Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: grammar books;Polish as a foreign language;word formation

The purpose of this article is to analyze derivational issues presented in the grammar books for teaching Polish as a foreign language. Both the variety of issues presented and their graphic design were analyzed. Gramatyka języka polskiego. Podręcznik dla cudzoziemców by B. Bartnicka and H. Satkiewicz transpired to be too difficult for a foreigner because of the complicated scientific style used when describing analyzed phenomena. In Odkrywamy język polski by L. Madelska and M. Warchol-Schlottmann errors appeared, often connected with incorrect classification of derivatives to derivational categories, which may cause chaos in learners` mental dictionaries. Gramatyka języka polskiego dla cudzoziemców by Z. Kaleta does not include derivational issues at all. Word formation, despite being often overlooked by Polish teachers, plays a vital role in the process of teaching / learning Polish as a foreign language. Derivation is one of the most important processes of the formation of new words. Linguistic changes are lexical changes to a great extent. Word formation helps organize lexis (to classify the new words to appropriate categories, and thus determine their meaning). Derivational formations also show the linguistic perception of reality by the users of a given language.

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What are they like? Linguistic image of Polish family and graphic design in selected textbooks for Teaching Polish as a Foreign Language

Jacy oni są? Językowy obraz polskiej rodziny oraz szata graficzna w wybranych podręcznikach do nauczania języka polskiego jako obcego

Author(s): Paula Góralczyk-Mowczan / Language(s): English,Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: textbooks for Teaching Polish as a Foreign Language;linguistic image;polish family;graphic design

The article presents selected elements that contribute to a linguistic and graphic image of a Polish family, namely appearance, personality, age, names and surnames. As a source of the research materials I used selected textbooks for all levels of proficiency (from A1 to C2), which first edition appeared in or after 1989. So how does a “typical” textbook family look like? The head of the family is thirty-nine-year-old Jan/Adam/Paweł Kowalski/ Nowak. He is a handsome brown-haired man with a beard and moustache. His wife is thirty-three-year-old Maria, an elegant blonde. They have two school-age children — Monika and Marek/Jan. Monika is pretty and resembles her father while Marek/Jan is tall and very slim. The present article also deals with the relationships between the emerging picture of the family and the textbook, its level and the date of issue.

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