Keywords: polish literature;polish literary studies;polish culture journal
Krzysztof Siwczyk, Mariusz Grzebalski, Dobra nowina a rebours…; Natasza Goerke, Natasza Stelmaszyk, Jak Natasza z Nataszą; Elżbieta Winiecka, Gdy kończy się zima…; Dariusz Sośnicki, Fortuna i fatum. O poezji Andrzeja Sosnowskiego; Justyna Zimna, Język do oclenia...; Wojciech Hamerski, SF: struktura lodu; Tomasz Mizerkiewicz, Wirtualny odbiorca wirtualny...; Jerzy Borowczyk, Michał Larek, Rozmowa z Jerzym Pilchem; Justyna Zimna, Parafarmaceutyki kultury; Michał Larek, Katolicy, apostaci i poeci;
More...Keywords: Teachers; reforms in education; communication; dialogical teaching; teacher’s behaviour; methodology;
V předchozí kapitole jsme doložili, že v důsledku participace učitelů v našem rozvojovém programu došlo k významným změnám v povaze komunikace ve sledovaných třídách. Často se konstatuje, že efektivita vzdělávacích programů usilujících o změnu způsobu výuky je omezená, neboť v konečném důsledku jen zřídka dochází k modifikaci reálného jednání učitele (viz Adey, 2006; Butler et al., 2004; Reznitskaya & Gregory, 2013; Van den Bergh et al., 2015). Přestože změnit výukové postupy a jednání učitele ve třídě je velmi obtížné (Van den Bergh et al., 2015), úspěšné programy existují a je nutné identifikovat bazální mechanismy, které způsobují, že jsou některé programy efektivnější než jiné (Berson et al., 2015). Vzhledem k tomu, že náš program můžeme řadit mezi úspěšné, bude následující část této knihy věnována právě otázce, jaké okolnosti a mechanismy způsobily, že se implementace dialogického vyučování v našem projektu zdařila.
More...Keywords: Ryszard Gansiniec; Zofia Gansiniec; classical philology; correspondence; Wrocław after WWII; ancient history
The publication contains voluminous correspondence from the years 1946−1948 between professor Ryszard Gansiniec and his wife, Zofia Gansiniec, who was at the start of her academic career in post-war Poland. The book contains numerous letters, which professor Gansiniec and his wife received in Wrocław from their friends, acquaintances, former and present colleagues and former students.
More...Keywords: globalization; transformation; social change; social capital; social poverty
The monograph is a kind of compendium of knowledge in the field of social sciences primarily dedicated to all educators. In addition, the book contains the studies on various aspects and consequences of social changes corresponding with the discourse on trauma of change and includes analysis of the issues regarding subjectivity of the individual, social capital, social justice, and ecology.
More...Keywords: medieval history; church history; Christianity in the Middle Ages; religious culture; Poland during the Piast dynasty
In the article an analysis has been conducted of the cult of St Peter the Apostle in the early-Piast state and of the relation of the Piast monarchy to the Holy See. The discussed analysis was carried out against the background of other selected early medieval political organisms located in Central Europe. These include, above all, Bohemia and Great Moravia, as well as other Slavic states of the second half of the 9th century, such as Croatia, Serbia or Bulgaria. Among the discussed-in-detail source materials, which indicate the importance of the cult of the Prince of the Apostles for the Piasts, particular significance has been ascribed to Dagome iudex. The author claims that subordinating the Piast state to St Peter by Mieszko I and his family constitutes an analogy for seeking the protection of St Peter for oneself and for one’s peoples by rulers in power in the second half of the 9th century in Slavic lands. This is why, according to the author, it should be recognized that the donation described in Dagome iudex mainly served the purposes of the Church, that is, obtaining Holy See’s support in stabilizing and developing Church structures in the territory of the Piast state. In the author’s opinion, the joint interpretation of the discussed manifestations of St Peter’s cult allows to prove the thesis that the cult of the Prince of the Apostles was important for the Piasts, as it determined the specific features of the politico-religious ideology of the Polish monarchy in Central European context.
More...Keywords: medieval history; church history; Christianity in the Middle Ages; religious culture; Poland during the Piast dynasty
The article deals with the issue of the involvement of the papacy in the official recognition of sainthood in the period before the middle of the 12th century in the context of such a recognition of the cult of the Five Martyred Brothers murdered by robbers in Bolesław the Brave’s Poland. Asking the papacy to confirm their sainthood – a fact only to a small extent noted in Polish historiography – requires an explanation, as in the beginning of the 11th century this was in no way mandatory or standard practice. The author reflects on various possible reasons for such an early appeal to the pope in this case, considering potential doubts connected to the cult of the Five Brothers, taking a position on the thesis of the exceptionally early adoption of this custom in Churches located at the periphery of Christianity, and deliberating on the significance of the specifi c situation of Polish Church structures and their relations with the archbishopric in Magdeburg. Finally, the author points to the possible influence of two milieus in which the belief in the significance of papal canonization functioned very early on: the German episcopate and St Romuald’s circle. However, one can hardly talk about simple imitation in this case; seeing as we are dealing with such early stages of the discussed phenomenon, the ecclesiastical circles in Poland should be treated rather as participating in the birth of a new and original phenomenon, that is, the involvement of the papacy in issues related to the cult of saints.
More...Borderland areas continue to be the object of reflections and studies. Oneexample of the changing scope of research on borderland areas is the study ofthe Lviv School of Architecture. The article presents the development of theconcept of the Lviv School of Architecture and the change in the scope of research:its extension to cover more and more areas and phenomena.The Lviv School of Architecture includes architects working and educatedin Lviv who graduated from the Technical School functioning there since 1844(in the years 1918–1939 known as the Lviv Polytechnic) or the graduates of theArts and Industry School in Lviv (of lesser importance). The term ‘Lviv Schoolof Architecture’ referred to artists working in Lviv and in nearly all Central Europe.The influence of this school of architecture actually covered any area wherearchitects educated and developed in Lviv were working. The representativesof the Lviv circle worked in many borderland areas, but the influences of theLviv School of Architecture were the strongest in the northern and southernlands (Pomerania, Gdynia, Vilnius region) and dominated in the eastern andwestern lands (Silesia, former Galicia).Recently, the scope of study of the Lviv School of Architecture has beensignificantly extended. Analyses did not only focus on the architecture of the19th century and the early 20th century, but also on works created later, in theinter-war period and after WWII. The most important works concerning thesubject are presented in this article.
More...Jesuits worked at the seat in Malbork in the years 1618–1780. In 1652, kingJohn Casimir granted them a St. Mary’s Castle Church, which – according tothe Malbork Jesuits Chronicle – they finally held since 1666 at the consent ofthe Bishop of Chełmno and the Vice-Chancellor Andrzej Olszewski. Since then,there was a period of stabilization connected with Jesuits settling for good insidethe Malbork stronghold and more than a century of almost undisturbeddevelopment of the seat. The aim of the article is to analyze fragments of biographiesof some Malbork Jesuits from the initial period of functioning of theorder’s mission (1618–1666), to determine their cultural and ethnic diversity,to identify their places of origin and their activity before and after the stay inMalbork, as well as connections with the regions and circles they originatedfrom and worked in. The two main regions where the Jesuits working in theMalbork residence came from were the Royal Prussia and Greater Poland, aswell as south-eastern provinces of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, i.e.,Lesser Poland and Ruthenia. People from Prussia and Greater Poland knewbetter the local reality, and apart from the Polish Language, they also spokeGerman. Some of them even came from German families. Jesuits from thesouth had extensive experience in the missionary work, in some cases acquiredat the south-east Borderlands in extreme conditions, which definitely helpedthem as they got to the Royal Prussia. They served as Polish preachers in theMalbork residence, whereas Prussians and Germans, as German preachers.Thus, the Malbork Jesuits were a multicultural and multi-ethnic mixture ofnative residents of the Royal Prussia, Greater Poland, Lesser Poland, Ruthenia,and Mazovia.
More...Keywords: MIL competencies; digital maturity; digital education;
This chapter presents the results of researches conducted by the Institute for Social Science Research of the Faculty of Political Sciences, University of Sarajevo for advance of strategic development of media and information literacy in Bosnia and Herzegovina: a) Pilot research of teachers' self-assessment primary and secondary school librarians in Sarajevo Canton; b) Research of self-assessment of competencies of teachers and librarians in Bosnia and Herzegovina; c) Research of competencies of parents and children on the level of media and information literacy as well as advice for future research of competencies of children and youth on media and information literacy.
More...Keywords: Palmyra; Allat; Palmyrene religion; temple; Athena; hamana; inscriptions
In 1975, news of an exceptional discover in Palmyra rapidly made the rounds within the scholarly community. Digging the ruins of a small sanctuary, archaeologists from the Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology University of Warsaw uncovered a very well preserved statue of the goddess Athena, identified in Palmyra with the tribal goddess Allat. This Arabian deity did not hold a leading position in the Palmyrene pantheon, yet was deeply worshipped by the local Arab tribes. The book by archaeologist Michał Gawlikowski, the excavator who made the discovery and lecturer at the University of Warsaw, eminent scholar and expert on Palmyra and its antiquities, brings an in-depth study of this statue, set in a detailed examination of the architectural evidence for the sanctuary itself, which existed from the 1st through the 4th century AD. The author reconstructs successive stages in the development of this cult place and the respective architectural decor. The volume, in French, is an excellent example of an interdisciplinary approach to the study of archaeological excavation data, compared and critically analyzed in the context of a discussion on epigraphic and numismatic sources, reaching also into the fields of art. history and religious studies.
More...Keywords: workers’ dilemma; Marx; Engels; Benjamin; capitalism; Croatia; religiosity; trade-unions; church;
The expression ’workers’ dilemma” refers to a controversial place in Marx’s and Engels’ Communist Party Manifesto. The authors argue that the final defeat of the proletariat in its struggle against the bourgeoisie will result in »the common ruin”. A similar motif appears in Walter Benjamin’s note known as »The Angel of History”. He understands progress as the result of the intervention of God («the whirlwind from Paradise”). Several intermediary topics are elaborated in the next: from early forms of capitalist exploitation over trade-union confrontation against workers’ democracy to workers’ sadness. The last sections bring empirical insights into the religiosity of workers in Croatia. The first insight is based on quantitative analysis of large samples. The second insight is based on the author’s interviews with two retired workers, examining, among others, their attitudes toward Church and trade unions in Croatia. In place of a conclusion, the author argues that the major advantage of defeats of both the proletariat and the left thought is cognitive, rather than moral-political. There is a big accumulation of knowledge of what was right and what went wrong, respectively, in the workers’ movement and socialism on the whole. Still, there is perhaps some room for theoretical (non-linear development) and practical optimism within the workers’ dilemma. The latter might be noticed in our interlocutors’ optimism in the sense that a more just society is possible, although they could not elaborate on this. The author could not either accrue more grounds for the principled optimism among workers. Instead, he put forward three remarks. One is that the future children cannot be born or survive based on the devastating pessimism of their ancestors. The other remark stays in the line with Marx’ and others’ contentions with utopian socialism, i.e. confined to rare local communities, while the power of the hegemonic capitalism, is overwhelming, capable of destroying any power that is all too small (like the former Yugoslavia which besides was left without international allies). The last remark concerns religious and non-religious worldviews that are mutually compatible only provided that they support peace and, respectively, deny the need to wage wars in the name of God or any other ideological fetish. Essentially, durable peace is unbearable to capitalism and other non-democratic governments, whereby the question of who or what exactly created the world becomes largely irrelevant.
More...Keywords: Feudalism;
In the years from 1935 to 1960, it was mainly archaeological research that predominated in the studies of the protohistory of the Slavs on the territory of the Czechoslovak Republic, and it was the archaeologists who made the most important contributions to the solution of the various outstanding issues. (See above the report of the archaeological work). On the other hand, given the fragmentary nature of the written sources, the proper historical investigations have been able to make little progress in the exploration of this period. Let us mention at least the article by V. Chaloupecký devoted to Samon1 where the author tried, with more or less success, to bring a new interpretation to the term "negotiator" used by Frédégaire, then a new commented edition by the author, known as a “Bavarian geographer”,2 the articles analyzing the description of Prague by Ibráhím-ibn-Jakúb,3 finally isolated attempts to make use of Hebrew sources that can be used for the study of Czech protohistory.
More...Keywords: linguistics; literary studies; poetics; structuralism; formalism; Polish studies
The chapter is an attempt to take a synthetic look at the history of Polish linguistics and literary studies from the mid-19th century to the present day. The proposed approach analyzes the global, international conditions of the dynamics of this broadly defined field, from the imperial context to the fall of communism. A number of comparisons with the dynamics of development of other disciplines are also proposed. The author pays particular attention to the history of the Polish structuralist school (including the formalists). Their example allows him to examine the factors determining the international recognition of Polish humanists and social scientists in certain periods, and its lack in others. He also discusses in more detail the biographies of several scholars who illustrate these mechanisms well, in particular Jan Niecisław Baudouin de Courtenay, Stefan Żółkiewski and Maria R. Mayenowa.
More...Keywords: economic analysis; industrial districts; SWOT analysis; Miercurea Ciuc;
The first study aims at presenting the economic analysis of the city by elaborating the current situation analysis. The main objective was to develop an accurate analysis on the local economy, on the existing problems and relations within the local economic system. In addition to the secondary data, a field observation was also carried out regarding the situation of industrial districts and other economic activities. After analysing the situation, a SWOT analysis of the settlement was conducted, followed by the definition of the main strategic directions and the formulation of a strategic vision. Following that, three alternative development scenarios were formulated, among which the most viable one was chosen, partly integrating the other two.
More...Keywords: Śāntarakṣita; Kamalaśīla; Jaina; soul; ātman; jīva
The "Digambara-parikalpitâtma-parīkṣā" is a relatively brief section of the voluminous "Tattva-saṅgraha" of Śāntarakṣita. It presents a fictitious, idealised Mahāyānist-Jaina debate, its subject being the Jaina doctrine of the soul. The Sanskrit original of both Śāntarakṣita’s verses and Kamalaśīla’s prose commentary thereon, the "Pañjikā", has been edited twice thus far: in the complete editions of the two texts by E. Krishnamacharya (1926), and D. Shastri (1968). Both works are of limited reliability, and neither consults the Tibetan versions of these texts. The present article offers a new critical edition of said section of the "Tattva-saṅgraha(-pañjikā)", together with an annotated English translation.
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