Keywords: Church History; Romanian culture; toponymy; Moldova; Transylvania
Over the centuries, the Carpathians, theoretically, have separated, but practically have merged together the Romanians. If you study any area from the two ends of passes or gorges in the Carpathians you would find this great truth. This truth, generally stated, is found, in particular, as we see in this study case. The study presents the fraternal relations through the centuries between Romanians from Giurgeu basin and from neighboring depressions (Borsec and Bilbor), between the Romanians of Transylvania to those from Moldova, from Neamt area especially.
More...Keywords: penitentiary; communism; repression
As a prison of maximum safety during communism regime, Aiud Penitentiary was destinated to the most dangerous detaines for the communist authorities. This study revealed at the empircal level the number of the casualities from 1945 to 1965. Based on extensive research in different archives we analize the causes of the death, the evolution year by year of the persons who died, their political background and the medical causes of these casualities.
More...Keywords: Late Middle Age; rescue digging; inn; pottery; interdisciplinary research;
A major real estate development required a rescue archaeology intervention in the very downtown Bucharest, mainly between February and June 1996. A large section, 75 long and about 3 m large was made in the street, mostly mechanically, just in the front of the National History Museum. The archaeological rescue digging documented 12 rooms belonging to a large inn, built by a famous Ruler of the Romanian Country (Ţara Românească), Constantin Brâncoveanu, in the last decade of the XVIIlh century. This kind of inn, of Oriental inspiration, is typical for the passage from Late Middle Age to Modem times, and is, in fact, a complex project including hosting areas, enclosure for animals, large storehouses, but usually churches also. Flourishing in towns with a certain demographic growth, but with a very poor communication means, like Bucharest, the inns were supposed to gather all goods needed by community in five months of cold and wet weather, when the road network was impracticable. The inn functioned about 160 years, until around 1860, the internai spaces being frequently restored, up to 7 times. Despite the fact that the landlord was unique, for its entire existence, a comparison between the type of internai rehabilitation operations proved that the initiative was lefi on tenants, the sequence type offloors (wood, bricks or vegetal cover) being unrepeatable. The use ofthe spaces - when proved by micromorphological study - is also distinctive, either cooking area, workshops connected with open fire, or even stables for sheep, for some relatively short episodes. Those 12 rooms are placed on the western wing of the building, on the main facade, facing a major street - Podul Mogoşoaiei - studied in the southem end of the archaeological section. The public road was made of wooden boards supported by wooden pillars buried under the walking levei, similarly with a bridge, from which the street took its name ("pod" meaning bridge). This type of public street, made entirely of wood, is documented in wet lowlands, where stone is not available, like Timişoara (western Romania). The history of the place begins during the late XV1 h century, for which deep buried huts were discovered. For the mid XVIlh century a new type ofhouse was in use, made ofwood, relatively large and with cellars, typical for aristocracy. In the XVIIlh century this strip of land was no more a constructive area, a little cemetery being discovered in the southem part of the trench. The layers dated between the cellar-houses and the inn are first in which fragments of bricks and mortar were recorded, probably from buildings in proximity. Regarding the political history of the Romanian countries, it might be surprising that from our discoveries Ottoman co ins are missing. W e found instead some Turkish pipes, a good witness of adopting an oriental life-style. This paper also presents the main results of the sedimentological and micromorphological study performed on Constantin Vodă Inn archaeological site. The field study firstly considered in the analysis of the sedimentary successions observed on the main stratigraphic profiles and the identification of the different types of units. The main diagnostic criteria observed in the field at the macroscopic levei - texture, structure, color, nature of constituents, homogeneity and degree of compaction - allowed establishing a typology of sedimentary facies necessary for the interpretation in terms of mechanisms of formation, in order to identify human activities and post-abandon transformations of the accurnulated deposits. Thus, different types of construction and arrangement units, occupation units and natural accumulations were recognized. Micromorphological analysis, at the microscopic scale, brings detailed information on the sedimentary units and thus contributes to a better interpretation of the archaeological levels. Extraordinary information provided by this study is the identification of sferulites, structures indicating the presence of the domestic animals (Ovis/Capra) in spaces fitted out with a wooden floor. The palinological expertise - the first ever done in an archaeological site from Bucharest - revealed a predominance of a ruderal vegetation, followed by hydrophilic vegetation and lowlands trees, but not cereals, explained by the position is in the middle of the medieval town.
More...Keywords: Polycentricity; metropolitan areas; Romania; territorial statistics; GIS; geospatial data; geospatial methods;
The book is an outcome of the project "Innovative territorial planning model for the network of polycentric and balanced settlements in the context of the smart specialization of Romanian cities, no. PN-III-P2-2.1-PED-2016-0733", funded by UEFISCDI Romania (2016-2018).
More...Keywords: shepherding; Arges Valley; spatial coordinate; pastoral system; field research;
This paper presents the essential elements that define the spatial coordinate characteristic of shepherding which is practiced in the sub-Carpathian villages on the Arges Valley, following the documentary attestations of the villages, the genesis and evolution of the village boundaries, the evolution of land ownership and the right to use lands (in condominium or individually). Also within the spatial coordinate, there are researched the traditional ways in which the potential of the rural land fund is highlighted, as a result of its geomorphological, pedological, climatic qualities, etc., the study taking into consideration all the areal types with pastoral potential, not only those on the administrative territory of the villages, but also those in the mountain area destined for summer grazing.If for the presentation of origins, attestations, borderline fixation of the villages from the studied areal, documents, monographic studies and other categories of specialized works have been used, for the understanding of the manner of pastoral, individual and especially collective exploitation of the land fund by the village communities, of valorizing the fodder qualities of the different types of surfaces, it was necessary to carry out field research in the three targetedvillages: Albestii de Arges, Corbeni and Arefu, all in the Arges County. the visit of sheepfolds from Lespezi, Lipitoarea, Ciocanu, Podeanu, Oticu, in the alpine hollow of the Fagaras Mountains, were necessary both for studying some elements related to the spatial coordinate (sheepfold location, daily travel routes, travel routes from the village hearth to the mountains, etc.) as well as for conducting interviews, based on an elaborate questionnaire, interviews generating unique and extremely useful information also for researching the other coordinates of the pastoral system practiced in the area.
More...Keywords: Ion Creangă; personality; creativity;
Saith the first sorcerer: ―The good news, dear Smaranda, is that your firstborn will be nurturing and protective of others – he will consequently be a good organizer. The bad news, however, is that this firstborn son of yours will be uncooperative, highly anxious, highly critical of others and unconsciously hostile; he will be driven by exaggerated feelings of power and he will fight for acceptance – he must always be ‗right,‘ whereas others are always ‗wrong.‘‖
More...Keywords: interior textiles; weaver; peasant household; monastery workshop; vertical loom; horizontal loom; tight picking; karamani; decorative composition; exhibition; display rails;
This paper gives an overview of the interior textiles made of wool which adorn the house and play a significant role in providing the house with thermal and acoustic comfort. Their highly-decorative function, the different ways of composing their decoration and their display within the house make these types of textiles essential in creating a nice, relaxing and customized ambient for the family living inside the house. The interior of the parents’ house marks the soul of the child and will act later as a frame for all his future living spaces and places. The interior is both marked and a marker, emotionally speaking, in relation to the inhabitants of the house, and this relationship, as well as the weaver’s vision of the family universe, are to be found enciphered into the interior textiles with geometric or naturalistic patterns. We discuss the types of textiles used in adorning the house, describing them from the morphological, functional and ornamental points of view. We present the inventory used for the manufacture of these objects and examine its evolution and the relationship between installations. Specialized information concerning the objects’ preparation, conservation and display is also provided. Our intention was to make known the work implied in organizing such a monumental exhibition, therefore we provide information related to the activities carried out. For a proper reading key, this paper explains the pagination and the content of the pages of the exhibition, meaning its rooms, walls, registers, respectively. The numerous and dedicated team implied in the organization of this exhibition is briefly presented, insisting on the task assumed by each member.
More...Keywords: land fragmentation; land consolidation; agricultural policy; Romanian agriculture;
In the past twenty-five years Romania's agricultural sector has faced many changes and challenges. Although this sector has received considerable support, the policies designed and implemented starting from the last agrarian reform did not generate the expected effects. The magnitude of the changes after the '90s led to the creation of raw conditions for the development of agriculture. The specific way of transition and the agricultural policies implemented have greatly contributed to the polarization of the agrarian structures and to agricultural land fragmentation. Even under the influence of the common agricultural policy, the agricultural restructuring process went very slow. Fragmentation creates inefficiencies especially by limiting the capacity to adapt to new technologies and to the changes in costs and also contributes to maintaining a relatively constant and high volume of labor force in agriculture. While Western European countries have a long tradition and significant experience in land consolidation, the countries of Central and Eastern Europe are still at the beginning of the road with this process. Romania is part of the countries without an ongoing consolidation program, although fragmentation is a major obstacle in the process of agricultural development. However, over time there have been several initiatives in this regard. Overall, the implementation of the land consolidation program is a way of modeling the existing potential and contributes to increasing the farms efficiency by improving production and land use choices. It also allows access to new technologies, creates the prerequisites for an operational land market and improves the overall viability of the holdings.
More...Keywords: region; ruler; toponymy; monasteries; citadels; squires;
In this article we have focused on the period when Moldavia was ruled by her first rulers from Dragos-Voda until the reign of Stefan the Great. The reviewed territory is the old regions of Neamt and Roman, which nowadays form, to a great extent, the county of Neamt. During this period ending the “dark Middle Ages”, the history is intertwined with legend and, in the researched area, all the more in the Bistrita and Bicaz valley, at the feet of Ceahlau, the tales, legends, traditions or historical myths are in large number and of special beauty. Our main targets are the first issued chancellery documents, with toponyms created by Romanians and transmitted from generation to generation. The unification of the extra-Carpathian territories and the centralization of the state lead to the building of the chain of fortifications of Moldavia, among them the Citadels of Neamt and of Roman, the first monastic buildings of Neamt and Bistrita were build and the cities of Roman, Targu and Piatra-Neamt were established. Moldavia was preparing for the large Stephanian Epopee.
More...Keywords: Agro-tourism; Rural tourism; Cultural districts; Entrepreneurial paradigm; Small industry
The paper is elaborated on three pillars. The first pillar refers to the tourist basin Ozana Valley from Neamț County (Romania) which is one of the most important and most frequented tourist areas in the country. The second pillar refers to a concept of classification of the component elements using the “order in complication” method, through which each relevant element is developed in order to increase the added value of the tourist services in the area. The twelve cultural districts recompose a diversity and an individuality of each element so that the definition of the target groups, the frequency of the area. The mapping mode is a strong point of the paper. Also, the way ecosystems are organized. The third element refers to local human resources. It is necessary that, both as employment and as entrepreneurship, the human factor be recruited from local resources. This preserves the deepest elements of cultural specificity. The area has the institutional capacity to specialize young people to develop and support local activities in a complex ecosystem. These are the three school units with a technological profile on specializations that can be associated with tourism. The traditional paradigm can make room for small producers. Most importantly, arguments and reasons are provided for population stabilization.
More...