Review: Eckard Reiß, Magdalena Abraham-Diefenbach, Makom tov – der gute Ort. Jüdischer Friedhof Frankfurt (Oder) / Słubice – dobre miejsce. Cmentarz żydowski Frankfurt nad Odrą / Słubice, Vergangenheits Verlag, Berlin 2012, pp. 243
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The functionalist theory of translation, as proposed in the 1970s and 1980s, broke new ground in the study of translation by dethroning the original text and making the function which the translation has in the target culture the central focus of attention. Whereas some theoreticians claim that the approach to the translation of a text is crucially determined by the function that the translation has in the target culture, some include among its major orientations the communicative act, which entails an initiator, the person commissioning the work, a performer, a recipient and a user of the translation. By combining the principles of various functionalist theories, a unified theorn retical system can be generated which ultimately lays sufficient emphasis on the meaning of the original text as well. Despite their shortcomings, functionalist theories of translation constitute a coherent system of translation study as a mediatory resource in contacts between communities and cultures.
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Keywords: models; explanation; economics; historical epistemology
This paper examines the standard criticism of the neoclassical economic theory that takes mathematical formalism and the practice of modelling as the most problematic aspect of orthodox economics. The aim of the paper is to explore the epistemic properties of models in science (particularly in economics), and to incorporate the insights from the recent debates in the philosophy of science into the framework of historical epistemology of economics. The main claim of this paper is that history is important for understanding how economic models operate and why have they been accepted as legitimate instruments of inquiry in economic theory. However, since modelling practice clearly is not limited to neoclassical economic theory, the difference between economic orthodoxy and heterodoxy has to be explained in a different way. The paper argues that the theory of fiction can provide an important clue inasmuch as the epistemological and political commitments are a part of the story that underpins the modelling practice in economics.
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Keywords: Azerbaijan; book; Ali and Nino; ethnic groups; terrorism; Muslim; Lev Nussimbaum; Ali Khan; The Orientalist; Yusif Vezirov; Professor Chingiz Guseynov;
Who wrote Azerbaijan’s best-loved novel? A decades-old controversy gets a new life.
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Keywords: translation; translation competence; text typology; informative texts; L1-L2 translations.
Given the unavoidably limited linguistic and cultural proficiency in a foreign language as compared to one’s mastery of mother tongue and culture, and in light of the high standards required of professional translation work, the teaching of L1–L2 translations as part of the university curricula has always been a delicate matter. The present study starts from the premise that, in the environment of a less commonly spoken language, translators are nonetheless required to do precisely this kind of work. Consequently, it seeks to identify those methodological suggestions and approaches likely to improve the quality of L1–L2 translations but not related to the development of linguistic and cultural competences. The paper highlights a number of priorities related to the translation of informative texts (Reiss), such as clarity, concision, stylistic “simplification,” cast against the traditional pursuit of equivalence
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Keywords: Archibald Reiss; Gerhard Gesemann; Serbs; Montenegrins; antimodernism; modernity; reactionary modernism; interwar period
The article undertakes the contextual and theoretical analysis of “reactionary modernist” features present in the works by two German scientists who moved to Serbia in the wake of the First World War: Čujte Srbi (1928) by Archibald Reiss and Crnogorski čovjek (1934) by Gerhard Gesemann. Both authors juxtaposed Serbo-Montenegrin patriarchal communitarianism and warrior mentality with the adoption of Western-oriented individualism and the modernization-imbued progressive view of history. The peculiarity of these two texts lies in the secularist evaluation of Serbian religiosity, conservative stance towards gender relations and the reexamination of the national identity construction and Serbo-Montenegrin state-building projects. As antimodernist writings, they reinvented Balkan traditions as an alternative source of regeneration for the decadent interwar political and social system (with the significant difference that Reiss believed in the rectification of modernist mistakes, whereas Gesemann explicitly perceived the social system he studied as ancient).
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Keywords: academic texts; text typology; course descriptions; programme descriptions;
The current study is part of a broader research seeking to set up guidelines with suggestions and recommendations for the clear and efficient communication of academic course and programme descriptions on university webpages. The aim of this paper is to revise the existing classifications of genres and text-types which are the most significant to the development of research of institutional academic language, concentrating on the typologies based on contextual focus and communicative functions of language, and then position the web-based academic texts in a distinct textual and generic typology. For the explanation of these theoretical concepts text samples extracted from several Romanian university websites have been used. The findings of the research show that several text typologies work and can be applied to course and programme descriptions, as well as on other types of academic texts belonging to the institutional academic language, since they are multifunctional texts, sharing several communicative functions.
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Keywords: Archibald Reiss; “Ecoutez Serbs”; sociological contribution; Kingdom of SCS; 1918–1928;
Not only that Archibald Reiss has made a moral warning with his work Ecoutez Serbes! to the friendly Serbian people, with which he had become “a brother in arms” and the Kingdom of SCS he had treated as the “new homeland”, but also has simultaneously made with a skilful hand and scientific preciseness of a university professor and scientist an extraordinary study on social stratification of Serbian society of that period, as well as the social-political pathological phenomena in Serbian society of that period, making contribution to the development of suitable sociological disciplines.
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Keywords: eroticism; poetry translation; translation criticism; domestication; foreignization;
The present study explores the translated versions of Cavafy’s three sensual poems in English and Turkish and, from a linguistic point of view, investigates to what extent the strategies of domestication and foreignization are employed by the translators. The linguistic elements were investigated by using Katharina Reiss’s model of translation criticism with reference to the original versions in Greek. The translated versions taken into consideration are the following: Keeley and Philip ([1975] 1992), Dalven (1976), Millas and İnce ([1990] 2016), and Çokona (2013). Three sensual poems whose translation is challenging due to their homoerotic character were selected for the present analysis, namely: En apognosei (English: In Despair), Dyo neoi, 23 eôs 24 etôn (English: Two young men, 23 to 24 years old) and Oraia loyloydia ki aspra os tairiazan poly (English: Beautiful flowers and white as they suited well). The analysis shows that the English translators made fewer changes to the Greek poems than the Turkish translators, who frequently adopted the strategy of domestication.
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Keywords: Rudolph Archibald Reiss (1875–1929);Selected Works, 2019
Instead of stone monuments weathered by time, as Branislav Nušić wrote in his literary-memoir work “The year of 1915” (Nušić, 1921) dedicated to the memory of his son who was killed in war, the Serbian nation, it is with the five-volume edition of Reiss’s collected texts (“About the crimes of Austro-Bulgaro-Germans in Serbia 1914–1918”, “War Reports from Serbia 1914–1918”, “About Serbia and Serbs”/ “What I saw and experienced in great days” and “Listen Serbs”) and the texts about Reiss and his oeuvre (“Visionary of the Modern Police” and “Serbs about Reiss”) that the Serbian people and Serbia once again express gratitude to this truth-loving scientist, humanist and friend. Thanks to this, readers will be able to evaluate on their own how this educated and well-versed contemporary – scientist, crime investigator, war correspondent from Serbia – whose “standing point” was quite high, could do and “see” in the era filled with crimes, as well as dynamic and dramatic processes, and how he is judged by the scientists in the decades connecting Reiss with the time we live in.
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Keywords: alternative conceptions; human body; human nutrition; pre-service teacher’s drawings; subject matter knowledge;
Teachers' subject matter knowledge is a substantive component of the teaching-learning process. For a teacher to be able to transform and integrate into the classroom all the knowledge and experience they have acquired in the course of the professional activity, it is first necessary to acquire a deep and solid knowledge of the matter. The aim of the research was to analyse the understanding that pre-service teachers have about the physiology and anatomy of the human body. The alternative conceptions that pre-service teachers held about the nutritional function in living beings were also explored. The research was conducted on a biology course of the Primary Education Bachelor’s Degree during the 2018/2019 academic year. Drawings and open-ended questions were collected from 96 pre-service teachers. The results reveal that the students surveyed have limited knowledge of the subject before entering university. The use of drawing proved to be an excellent tool for detecting previous conceptions and evaluating the progression made by the students in their learning. Numerous alternative conceptions were identified among the students, thus demonstrating the need to think about the scientific methodology used to teach these contents.
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Keywords: source text; target text; translation evaluation; evaluation criteria
The article focuses on the relations between a source and a target text with regard to their relevance for the evaluation of written translations. Furthermore, the paper presents the concepts of translation evaluation introduced by Nord, Koller, House, and Reiss. The present paper discusses phases of the evaluation process as well as their connections to the translation process. The focus is also placed on evaluation criteria which are an indispensable condition for clear and comprehensible evaluation of translations.
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Keywords: Rodolphe Archibald Reiss (1875–1929); Kingdom of Serbs; Croats and Slovenes; Macedonia (Southern Serbia); Ministry of the Interior
The paper gives a brief outline of activities of Rodolphe Archibald Reiss in the Kingdom of SCS after 1919. A particular focus is placed on Reiss’s links with Macedonia, i.e. then Southern Serbia. On two occasions, in 1921 and 1922, Reiss travelled to Macedonia as a special rapporteur of the Ministry of the Interior. We publish in this paper his report from the journey he undertook in 1921, upon the order of the then Minister of the Interior Svetozar Pribićević. Reiss’s report contains a detailed account of political, social, administrative and social circumstances in Macedonia.
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Keywords: alternative conceptions; drawings; invertebrates; mental models; snails;
Drawings can serve as a useful tool for analyzing children’s understanding of scientific phenomena. This study examined children’s understandings about internal structure of the snail. Children from kindergarten at age 5 and from primary school of age 7 and 10, were asked to draw their concept about the internal structure of the snail. The results demonstrate the alternative conceptions held by the children. Analysis showed some significant differences in interpretation between both age groups and gender. Age related differences were in understanding of nervous, circulatory, muscle and digestive system, and such features as food, bones and mucus. Gender differences were not so significant at present studies. There were only few statistically significant observations concerning gender, that boys more often than girls consider mucus and other organisms (such as bacteria) as a part of snail internal structure. The girls drew more in the category food (7 years old) and bones (10 years old). The results also revealed ideas which made sense to the learner, but are not biologically accurate, such as organs located in the foot.
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Keywords: executive education; leadership development; RMP®; quantitative research;
The goal of executive education programs is to prepare the leaders to act in swiftly changing business and social environment. However, various research show that the program completion may not induce the expected change unless it has more transformational nature. In other words, the program curriculum should put more emphasis on soft skills development and incorporation of experiential learning methods. Therefore, the quantitative, longitudinal research was conducted among participants of executive education program at a highly ranked university which met the criteria of transformational education program. The study aimed to measure the change at the level of basic motivators among 71 Executive MBA students that occurred during 2 years of studies at the executive program using REISS Motivation Profile®. There were discovered significant changes in 5 motivators: Acceptance, Social Contact, Status, Order and Tranquility. The results indicate that the program participants become leaders that are more oriented towards collaboration with others and value more planning and balanced approach to management. The results bring valuable indication for both university management and educators calling for changes in the executive education curriculum.
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Keywords: Rodolphe Archibald Reiss (1875-1929); Aleksandar Karađorđević (1888-1934); Kingdom of Serbs; Croats; Slovenes; Ministry of the Interior
In this paper two hitherto unknown letters related to the activity of Dr Archibald Reiss in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes (1919-1929) are presented and commented on. While Reiss's activities during WWI (1914-1918) are well documented and thoroughly researched, the knowledge about his engagement in the first post-war decade remains fairly scarce, due to the lack of sources. However, the available sources generally confirm that there was insurmountable tension in the relations between R. A. Reiss and the authorities of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, almost from the very beginning of his "second term" in the service of the Belgrade government. The two Reiss's letters addressed to the Regent and King Aleksandar, published in this paper (one of which was hitherto unknown), clearly reveal the peculiar relationship between them. Another letter, rather a short diplomatic report, sheds some new light on the conditions of Reiss's return to the service of the government in Belgrade in 1919. The research clearly shows that Reiss occupied the position of the head of the Technical Service at the Department for Public Safety and also points out at his
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Keywords: Rudolph Archibald Reiss; The truth about war crimes; Reiss’ proposal for the reorganization of the police force
This paper focuses on Rudolph Archibald Reiss, a great friend of the Serbs during one of the most difficult periods for this nation, ”the Golgotha and resurrection of Serbia” during World War I and the creation of a joint state of the Slavic peoples in Southeast Europe. Apart from giving the basic information about his life and bibliographic details from his work, the focus is on his achievements during World War I and as a witness at peace conferences. Special attention is paid to Reiss’ contribution to the development and functioning of the institutions of a modern state (especially a police force), all of which is reflected in abandoning the outdated functions of the police, and its separation from the sphere of politics and redirection towards the needs of society.
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