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The Practice of Pilgrimage in the Contemporary Romania. A Study Case

Practica pelerinajului în România contemporană (cu un studiu de caz)

Author(s): Mirel Bănică / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/2011

Keywords: pilgrimage; religious practice; modernity; Arsenie Boca; religious identity; religious tourism;

The principal objective of the article is to describe the orthodox practice of pilgrimage in Romania as a whole, as it has developed after 1989, after the fall of communism, when the Orthodox Church has become free to express itself in the public. The article shows how the pilgrimage is reflected in the specialized literature in the area of socio-anthropology of religions, as well as the main epistemological and methodological challenges. The pilgrimage is a good illustration of the current changes happening in religious practice. A case study is presented with the example of the pilgrimage to Prislop Monastery, department of Hunedoara, organized around the charismatic personality of Father Arsenie Boca. The touristic and politic dimension and its reflection in the media is also taken into consideration

Gheorghe Gheorghiu Dej’s Inner Circle

„Camarila” lui Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej

Author(s): Elis Neagoe-Plesa / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/2006

Keywords: Romanian Communist Party; Stalin; Ştefan Foriş; Lucreţiu Pătrăşcanu; Dej’s “Camarilla”

Like all other Communist leaders, Gheorghiu-Dej could not have gained and kept power without the help of a strong group of supporters. This group of supporters which formed Gheorghiu-Dej’s inner circle has variously been described as “membrii bandei comuniste de la Doftana, Caransebeş, Târgu Jiu” (Stelian Tănase), “coechipierii lui Dej” (Florin Constantiniu) and “clica Gheorghiu-Dej” (Belu Zilber). Since the early years after the Communists took power in Romania, Gheorghiu-Dej had surrounded himself by a group of supporters who would him faithfully during the conflicts with his opponents within the Communist party. Given the party’s stormy history, Dej would never have managed to eliminate his political rivals if it had not been for this inner circle of staunch supporters. Dej also used some of the more influential Communists from his inner circle in order to gain access to some political figures in Kremlin. Well aware of the fact that he could not become the leader of the Romanian Communist Party without Moscow’s support, Gheorghiu-Dej tried to secure Stalin’s sympathy. This was one the reasons why be surrounded himself with a large number of Russian spies whom he had met during the time he spent as a political prisoner. Gheorghiu-Dej gradually created a team of faithful supporters who allowed him to monitor closely the whole party apparatus. After all, the more areas of political activity Dej’s inner circle could control, the more important was the leader’s influence on the party. In spite of his leadership abilities, Gheorghiu-Dej would never have managed to become the leader of the Romanian Communist Party without the help of a number of trustworthy supporters. He needed these people in order to ‘eliminate’ Ştefan Foriş, Lucreţiu Pătrăşcanu and other people who had become undesirable. The help of Dej’s inner circle was vital in 1956 when Iosif Chişinevschi and Miron Constantinescu took advantage of the favorable circumstances brought about by Hruşciov’s revisionism and tried to take over the leadership of the Party.

Chronology of international political life, 11 September - 31 December 2001

Cronologia vieții politice internaționale, 11 septembrie – 31 decembrie 2001

Author(s): Valentin Burada,Iuliana Conovici,Luciana Alexandra Ghica,Lucian Vereșciaghin / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/2002

Keywords: chronological order; political landscape; international;

This chronology was compiled based on the information provided by the main international press agencies (BBC, CNN, Reuters, RFI), the foreign policy pages of the principal dailies in Romania ("Adevărul", "Cotidianul", "Cronica Română", "Curentul", "Evenimentul Zilei", "Jurnalul Național", "Libertatea", "România Libera", "Ziarul Financiar"), the analysis of some think tanks (RAND), the websites of international organizations (NATO, EU, UN, OSCE, etc.) and websites dedicated especially to highly publicized events (crisis in Middle East, war in Afghanistan, etc.).

Romanian Orthodoxy and the Internet. Presence, Transmission, Evolution

L’orthodoxie roumaine et l’internet. Presence, transmission, evolution

Author(s): Mirel Bănică / Language(s): French / Issue: 1/2020

Keywords: technological and religious modernity; religious practice; authority; virtual communities; religious fact on Internet;

Modernity and its technological innovations pose many challenges to religion. The current article intends chiefly to analyze the presence of the orthodox religion on the internet, with the aim to discover its main features. We will then ask ourselves in what extent the virtual environment influences the transmission of religious knowledge. A large number of religious groups have appeared in the virtual space, which claim legitimacy from the Orthodoxy. Their functioning in relation with central church authority leads to conflicts relating to visibility and primacy in the virtual space. The boom of blogs, as well as of parareligious websites (shops, pilgrimages, etc.) raises new questions and debates concerning a genuine “mutation” of public memory and identity of contemporary religion. The virtual environment in this instance is not limited anymore to the transmission of information, it also fabricates it actively.

Places of worship in Dacia (2nd century BC-1st century AD)

Locuri de cult în Dacia (sec II a. Chr.-I p. Chr.)

Author(s): Daniel David / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: XXVIII/1999

Keywords: Places of worship; Dacia; 2nd century BC-1st century AD;

Cercetarea spaţiilor cu destinaţie de cult specifice civilizaţiei geto-dacice constituie un element important al culturii geto-dace de tip Latène asupra căruia încă nu dispunem de studii exhaustive care să-i pună în evindenţă ponderea şi semnificaţia

FIBULAE CLAMABUNT

FIBULAE CLAMABUNT

Author(s): Daniel Spânu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 24/2021

Keywords: pre-Roman Dacia; spoon-type fibulae; Aucissa-type fibulae; Almgren 68-type fibulae;

In Romanian historiography it has been considered that some pre-Roman settlements in Wallachia were abandoned in particular historical circumstances according to certain ancient sources. The settlement from Cârlomăneşti would have been destroyed by Burebista, and those from Popeşti and Zimnicea would have been abandoned in the context of the relocation of the Getae at the orders of Aelius Catus in the 1st decade AD (Strabo VII. 3. 10-11). By their specific chronological framing, three fibulae indicate a later human presence in the settlements from Cârlomăneşti, Popeşti and Zimnicea after the beginning of the 1st century AD. The three fibulae were introduced with great reluctance into the scientific lietrature, several decades after their discovery. In this way, the enshrined historiographical dogmas have benefited from a increased longevity.

The Beginning of the Poienești-Lucașeuca Culture: Necropolises versus Settlements

Începutul culturii Poienești-Lucașeuca: necropole versus așezări

Author(s): Octavian Munteanu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: XXXVII/2021

Keywords: Poienești-Lucașeuca culture; Chronology; La Tene Zeit; Necropolis; settlements;

Das angesprochene Thema wird durch die Kontroversen bestimmt, die bei einem der subtilsten Aspekte beobachtet werden können, die die Entstehung der P-L-Kultur und ihre Chronologie definieren. Wir werden nur auf der Anfangsphase der Kultur bestehen, die trotz der Existenz schriftlicher Quellen, die auf die Migration von Bastarden in die Nordwestpontischen Regionen am Ende des 3. Jh. s v. Chr. hindeuten, bisher nicht von bestimmten Argumenten profitiert hat, die auch archäologisch unterstützt würden.Es ist ersichtlich, dass Widersprüche häufig aus den von dem einen oder anderen Forscher analysierten Materialien stammen. Genauer gesagt, die Widersprüche kamen nämlich von den Arten von Standorten, aus denen die zu analysierenden Materialien ausgewählt wurden: Siedlungen oder Nekropolen.Wir möchten die Informationen analysieren, die von den beiden Arten von Standorten bereitgestellt werden, und herausfinden, wie sie korreliert werden können. Daher wollen wir im Folgenden auf die älteren Entdeckungen zurückkommen und sie dann genauer betrachten und erforderlichenfalls prüfen, ob Raum für ein genaueres Verständnis besteht als in der Vergangenheit. Gleichzeitig werden wir einige neuere Entdeckungen untersuchen, die aus unserer Sicht bestimmte Positionen klären könnten.

Wheelmade lamps from Durostorum–Ostrov (Ferma 4)

Opaițe produse la roata olarului de la Durostorum–Ostrov (Ferma 4)

Author(s): Dan Elefterescu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 20/2022

Keywords: Moesia Inferior; Durostorum–Ostrov (Ferma 4); wheel-made lamps; local workshops; lamps;

A DYRRHACHIUM DRACHMAS HOARD DISCOVERED AT PRUNENI, BUZĂU COUNTY

UN TEZAUR DE DRAHME DIN DYRRHACHIUM DESCOPERIT LA PRUNENI, JUD. BUZĂU

Author(s): Sebastian Matei,Theodor Isvoranu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 25/2022

Keywords: Dyrrhachium; drachmas; coin hoard; magistrates; pre-Roman Dacia; Ist Century BC;

The authors present a small hoard comprised of nine drachmas from the ancient city of Dyrrhachium, discovered in the place called "Muchia Blăjani", at 2 km west of the Pruneni village (Buzău County), in the vicinity of a plateau located on the top of a dominant hill, on which traces of a La Tène settlement have recently been identified. During a surface research conducted in 2021, several ceramic fragments were discovered on the surface of the ground, coming from hand-made jars and amphorae.The coins from the Pruneni hoard belong to the 5th group of drachmas issues of the city’s mint, the last one, dating between 97-85 BC according to the chronology of N. Conovici, in which the best represented are the issues of the monetar magistrates Xenon and Meniskos. They worked for five and six eponymous magistrates respectively, totalizing a period of ten years (97-88 BC). The structure of the Pruneni hoard attests to the association between the moneyer Xenon and the eponym Philodamos (2 ex.), and of Meniskos with the eponyms Kallonos, Lykiskos (5 ex.) and Dionysios, representing the years 93, 91, 89 and 88 BC. The pauses in the chronological sequence of the drachmas issues suggest that this is a small amount from a larger batch, most likely representing a so-called „purse hoard”. The appearance of the coins is illustrative for the production in large quantities in a short time, at the political command, as in times of crisis: most of the coins were struck off-center, on flans (rarely circular) smaller than the dies, a negligent achievement that denotes the concern exclusively for the rapid monetization of as much silver as possible, to the detriment of technical and iconographic standards. At least seven exemplars bear traces of burning. Although the drachmas of the 4th-5th groups of Dyrrhachium issues penetrated in large numbers in pre-Roman Dacia, presumably in a short period between the 3rd and 4th decades of the 1st century BC, as political payments or from other sources in connection with the Roman wars in the Balkans, they remained very poorly attested in some areas. For the area of Buzău county, the treasure from Pruneni represents the first discovery in a hoarded form of the drachmas of this city.

The Getic Settlement of Coslogeni – Magura lui Negoiță

Aşezarea getică de la Coslogeni – Măgura lui Negoiță (jud. Călărași)

Author(s): Anișoara Topârceanu,Valeriu Sîrbu / Language(s): English,Romanian / Issue: XXVIII/2022

Keywords: settlement; dwellings; huts; pits; fireplaces; Getae; 4th-3rd centuries BC;

We intend to present essential data regarding the Getic settlement of Grădiștea Coslogeni-Măgura lui Negoiță, from Călărașului Moorland (Balta Călărașului), systematically excavated in 1997-1998. In the Getic settlement, there have been identified, through an area of circa 100sqm, 11 complexes: 5 surface dwellings, 2 huts and 4 pits. The local Getae population, dated to have lived during the 4th – 3rd centuries BC, can be understood only in the context of the Getic settlements of Călărașului Moorland and with those of both Danube banks, as far as the archeological finds reveal the big number of similar features in the evolution of this area in the 5th-1st centuries BC.

Early Medieval Necropolis from Crăsanii de Jos-Piscul Crăsani, Balaciu Village (Ialomița County)

Necropola medievală timpurie de la Crăsanii de Jos - Piscul Crăsani, com. Balaciu (jud. Ialomița)

Author(s): Valeriu Sîrbu,Ioan Cernău,Cătălina Cernău,Florin Vlad / Language(s): English,Romanian / Issue: XXVIII/2022

Keywords: Early Medieval Necropolis; cremation and inhumation graves; children and adults; women and men;

29 graves were investigated, 16 of inhumation and 13 of cremation, the discoveries of both rites were spread throughout the perimeter of the necropolis. Of the 13 cremation graves, only four had the bones deposited in urns, in the other nine they were put directly at the bottom of the pits. For most of the inhumed deceased, the skeleton was in a precarious state, a fact that can be explained because the vast majority were young children; in three cases only the skull was found, all belonging to children and without inventory. Inventory and offerings were poor and of little variety. Ceramic vessels were used, both as urns and as containers in which offerings were probably deposited, both in cremation and inhumation graves. The necropolis can be placed between the end of the 8th century-9th century, possibly the beginning of the 10th century AD; part of the necropolis was destroyed, so we do not know its real chronological limits.

THE SMALL HOARD FROM HERINA. DYRRACHIUM COINS AND SILVER BRACELET

THE SMALL HOARD FROM HERINA. DYRRACHIUM COINS AND SILVER BRACELET

Author(s): Cristian Găzdac,Radu Iustinian Zăgreanu / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2022

Keywords: Hoard; drachms of Dyrrchacium; silver bracelet; Herina;

The increase of legislation flexibility with the opportunity to receive a fair amount of award for reporting the discovery of ancient artefact, has led to the raise of hoards’ number in the last decades in Romania. This paper is focusing on a small such discovery that consists of 20 drachms of Dyrrachium and one Latene silver bracelet. The combination of coins and silver bracelet in the vicinity of a Dacian settlement may suggest a symbolic value and a statue of the former owner. The lack of a container and a certain archaeological context does not allow, at the moment, to figure out whether the hoard was buried in an emergency situation or is result of a votive offering.

A Note Regarding Five Rings from The Collections of “Teodor Cincu” History Museum, Tecuci

Notă privind cinci inele aflate în patrimoniul Muzeului de Istorie „Teodor Cincu”

Author(s): Paul Ciobotaru,Daniela Alecsa / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/2021

Keywords: medieval rings; seal rings; Umbrărești; Galați county; History Museum of Tecuci;

“Teodor Cincu” History Museum owns, in its collection, five bronze rings; no information is held for two of them, while for the other three it is known that they were donated by professor Ion T. Sion, together with other archaeological finds and historical documents. The metal rings are classified as ornamental jewelry and are frequently discovered within settlements and necropolis. These items are made either by the local blacksmiths or, by travelling craftsmen, who with simple tools, could create various accessories, at client's request. From a topological point of view, the rings in question can be classified as follows: Rings with the head casted at the same time with the shank and rings with the head attached to the shank. From a functional point of view, all five are classified as signet rings. Their signet head is engraved with one or more decorative motifs. The ideographic representations contain the following elements: cross, concentric circles, crescent and bird motifs. As the signet rings were made of non-precious metals and the metal pill presents apotropaic motifs and not heraldry elements, it is considered that they belonged to some free owners. All five aforementioned rings date back from the XVII-XVIII centuries.

A decade of activity

Un deceniu de activitate

Author(s): Octavian Roske / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1-2/2003

Keywords: Arhivele totalitarismului; decade of activity;

Institutul Național pentru Studiul Totalitarismului - Un deceniu de activitate

Book Reviews

Recenzii

Author(s): Cristina Păiușan,Alexandru-Murad Mironov,Adrian Brișcă,Valentin Săndulescu ,Felician Duică / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 3-4/2000

Keywords: review; Romania; Switzerland; diplomacy; Timișoara; anti-communist resistance; Banat mountains; Dobrogea; Budapest; 1956;

Reviews of: 1. Miodrag Milin (coordonator), Timișoara în Arhivele Europei Libere, 17-20 decembrie 1989. Documente, Fundația Academia Civică, București, 1999, 309 p. 2. René de Weck, Jurnal. Jurnalul unui diplomat elvețian în România: 1939- 1945, apărut în Colecția “Istorie”, ediție tradusă din franceză și îngrijită de Viorel Grecu și Claudia Chinezu, Editura Fundației Culturale Române, București, 2000, L + 292 p. + ilustr. 3. Miodrag Milin, Rezistența anticomunistă din Munții Banatului, Editura Marineasa, 1998, 219 p. 4. Miodrag Milin, Rezistența anticomunistă din Munții Banatului Fundația Academia Civică, 2000, 276 p. 5. Constantin lonașcu, Rezistența anticomunistă din Dobrogea, Editura Ex Ponto, 2000, 600 p. 6. Tibor Meray, Budapesta 1956. Atunci și după 44 de ani, Editura Compania, București, 2000, 373 p.

The NIST Agenda

The NIST Agenda

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English / Issue: 13-14/1997

Keywords: National Institute for the Study of Totalitarianism; Conference; scientific life; 1997;

The N.I.S.T. agenda describes the activity of the institute’s researchers during the first half of this year. This is a short review of participation in symposiums, round tables, book releases, openings of document exhibitions, where the participants discussed issues related to the access to documents from the communist period and the debunking of certain huge historical mystifications. The exchange of ideas was the great advantage of these encounters and the published works show the true value both of the organizational effort and of this serious scientific approach.

The Structure of the Higher Leadership of the Romanian Communist Party. The Dynamics of Reshuffling, 1944-1965, IV. 1958-1965

Structura conducerii superioare a Partidului Comunist Român - Dinamica remanierilor: 1944-1965 IV. 1959-1965

Author(s): Horia Nestorescu-Bălcești / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/1995

Keywords: Romania; communist party; communism; higher leadership; structure; tables;

A series of tables are presented, rich in statistical data about the party core structures and their evolution function of the dynamics of reshuffling in the interval between 1945-1965.

The NIST Agenda

Agenda I.N.S.T.

Author(s): Octavian Roske / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1-2/1994

Keywords: National Institute for the Study of Totalitarianism; Conference; scientific life; 1994;

The N.I.S.T. agenda describes the activity of the institute’s researchers during the first half of this year. This is a short review of participation in symposiums, round tables, book releases, openings of document exhibitions, where the participants discussed issues related to the access to documents from the communist period and the debunking of certain huge historical mystifications. The exchange of ideas was the great advantage of these encounters and the published works show the true value both of the organizational effort and of this serious scientific approach.