Instead of an Abstract/Summary here, please refer to the Introduction PDF-file, which includes the Executive Summary
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Instead of an Abstract/Summary here, please refer to the Introduction PDF-file, which includes the Executive Summary
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Keywords: Western Balkans; Stabilization and Accession Process; EU integration; European financial assistance; national governments; peace; stability; development; EU policy towards Balkans;
Today, western Balkans states are a long way from where they were at the beginning of the decade. The Stabilization and Association process, which has just started in 2000, is almost completed as all the states have negotiated and signed the Stabilization and Association Agreements with the EU, the EU is negotiating visa liberalization agreements and all states are entitled to the new pre-accession financial assistance IPA, designed to address the strategic needs of the region. This progress, apart from the persistent efforts of the national governments and the EU administration, is also partly due to the visionary policy reports and recommendations of people and organizations working on the Balkans. We are convinced that their commitment to the region and the ability to look beyond the limitations of the immediate political context for lasting solutions makes them an irreplaceable item on every reading-list of both those who wish to study the Balkan region and those who aim to produce similar such reports addressing the present dilemmas and challenges for the western Balkan states. “The Enlargement of the EU to Balkans” is a compilation of four reports on the Balkans published since 2000. They all concern the Balkan region and its prospects for the future – away from violent legacies towards peace, stability and European integration. As such, they are a valuable source for all those interested in and studying the recent political developments in this region, for these reports give an overview of the challenges that Balkans states faced on the start of their journey to European integration. We hope this collection of reports will become part of the curricula of schools and departments where Balkan politics, history and EU integration are taught. From the multitude of reports, books and other works written on the Balkans, the reports that follow were not chosen accidentally. Rather, we aimed to include the most influential reports, those which had the greatest impact on the EU and international community’s approach towards the Balkans, those with the most valuable recommendations concerning the features of EU’s policy towards the Balkans. The results of in-depth field research and analysis of diplomatic relations in the region, these reports provided the most credible assistance to the European and other policy-makers when faced with the dilemma ‘how to deal with postconflict post-Milosevic Balkans?’ By publishing their reports again, we also like to pay tribute to those people and organizations that made their most for Balkans to be found in EU integration map.
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Keywords: Sumerian and Babylonian music; musical instruments; Sumerian song types; organology; percussion; percussionists
This article discusses certain aspects of early Mesopotamian musicalpractices, focusing on a small set of native terms for instrumentsand performers. Assuming, in anthropological terms, that musicalinstruments, like other culturally important objects, can be classifiedin multiple contextually different ways, it is argued that certainSumerian words could in some contexts signify specific instrumentsor types of musicians, while in other usage could stand for a class ofinstruments, for song types, or in the case of balagˆ, for all musicalinstruments. More specifically, the terms adab and tigi are subjectedto analysis, resulting in the proposal that in 3rd and 2nd millenniumtexts these designated only song types and not, as is often asserted,physical musical instruments.
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Keywords: Woman's labour market; labour and gender related questions; Brno; gender pay gap;
While the first chapter focused on patterns of women’s labour market participation in Brno, providing data on the extent to which women in Brno are active in the labour market, as well as on how this participation differs for different groups of women, the aim of the second chapter is to provide information on the structural context of the patterns identified in the first chapter. After presenting the economic structure of the local labour market and its development, as wellas the educational structure of the labour force in Brno, we will especially focus on discussing the horizontal and vertical segregation of the labour market in Brno and the related gender pay gap. Again, our main source of information is census data, supplemented by data from the labour force survey and other local sources.
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Keywords: Reconciling Paid Work; Care responsibilities; Elderly care; Brno; Educational attainment;
In this chapter we present the key results of two March 2013 focus group discussions with employed women who care for a frail elderly person and live in Brno. One focus group is comprised of women with higher educational attainment and the other is comprised of women with lower educational attainment. Our analysis primarily focuses on how these women manage to reconcile their gainful employment with their care responsibilities. After a short introduction, presenting the method of our research and relating it to previous research in the Czech Republic on this topic, our results begin with how meaningfully the respondents perceive their employment.
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Keywords: Populism politics; Poland; Political history; Political systems; political parties in Poland;
In Poland, populism cannot be regarded as a recent phenomenon. If we consider only the 20th century, a few populist movements of different character can be pointed out. Moreover, the most influentia lpopulist movements were a part of the fight for Poland’s independence. Therefore, an unequivocal judgment of populism as a threat to democracy and as a negative phenomenon is impossible
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Keywords: adolescents' worldviews; perceptions of justice and politics; social relationships; views on the world;
As young people become capable of abstract thought and the scope of their social relationships broadens, general beliefs about the world emerge during the course of adolescence. This chapter will focus on two aspects of adolescents‟ views on the world. We will give an account of adolescents‟ perceptions of justice in the first section and of their perceptions of politics in the second section. In addition, the third section will examine the interrelations between these two areas.
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Keywords: Modofication of a lawsuit;Objective and subjective lawsuit modification;Conditions for lawsuit modification;Procedural contracts;
Reforms in the area of Serbian civil procedural law at the beginning of this millennium were introduced either to improve the efficiency of proceedings and advance and protect the right to a trial in due time, as an element of the right to a fair trial and the right to a fair procedure, or to operationalize the discussion principle in order to transfer responsibility for the quality of meritorious decisions to litigants. Unlike the earlier changes in the area of civil procedure, legislative interventions that begun to take place recently have been motivated by the new legal political reasons. They largely refer to changes in traditional procedural institutes, as is the case with modification of a lawsuit. Changes regarding conditions for modification of a lawsuit were brought about in the provisions of the Law on Enforcement and Security (2015) and the latest amendments to the Law on Civil Proceedings (2018). What characterizes the new legal resolutions regarding modification of a lawsuit is strengthening of the principle of disposition regarding the contents of legal protection and strengthening of the autonomy of will and influence of procedural contracts on the procedure. On one hand, it is manifested as strengthening of a prosecutor’s disposition, who can modify a lawsuit for determining inadmissibility of enforcement during proceedings without the consent of a defendant and cause an objective modification of a lawsuit, or, in cooperation with an acquirer, without a defendant's consent, cause procedural succession as a consequence of substantive legal succession that occurred during a litigation by making an agreement, as a new type of procedural contract, which has its effect after being submitted to court and therefore causing a subjective modification of a lawsuit.
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Objectives: - To define international lobbying - To explain the aspects specific to the international influence industry - To understand regulations regarding the lobbying activity - To critically analyse controversies in the field of international lobbying
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Keywords: Economic Relations; Trade; Mercosur; European Union
As the signature of the Free Trade Agreement between the European Union and Southern Common Market is a fact, the paper aims at disclosing the impacts and the prospects of it on the Bulgarian-Brazilian economic and trade relations. After presenting the EU-Mercosur trade context briefly, it discusses the dynamics of the bilateral trade flows both between the European Union and Mercosur and, Bulgaria and Brazil and, emphasises on the novelty of the features and opportunities. The prospects for future economic developments are stated.
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Keywords: Social attitudes; Constitution; Equality; Fundamental rights; Behavioral habits; Prejudices; Stereotypes
Social attitudes are a set of conscious and unconscious behavioral habits, prejudices, stereotypes. They have objective consequences in reality. Their effect is to preserve personality and order in society. The article traces the regulatory effect of certain social factors in the creation and implementation of constitutional norms. The law does not cover the intuitive manifestation of these factors, but they can be explained rationally through the effect of attitudes.
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TOPICAL PROBLEMS OF UKRAINE'S INFORMATION SECURITY // 1. UKRAINE'S INFORMATION SPACE // 2. THE INFORMATION SECURITY SYSTEM OF UKRAINE // 3. FACTORS LEADING TO THE ESCALATION OF THREATS TO UKRAINE'S INFORMATION SECURITY // 4. CONCLUSIONS AND PROPOSALS // DRAFT CONCEPT (FUNDAMENTALS OF STATE POLICY) OF THE INFORMATION SECURITY OF UKRAINE // UKRAINE'S INFORMATION SECURITY:PROBLEMS AND WAYS OF THEIR SOLVING // INFORMATION SOVEREIGNTY OR INFORMATION SECURITY? // THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE INFORMATION SPACE: NEW OPPORTUNITIES, NEW THREATS // INFORMATION PROTECTION IN INFORMATION AND TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS // MASS MEDIA AND THE AUTHORITIES IN UKRAINE: HOW TO DEFEAT CORRUPTION?
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POLITICAL CENSORSHIP IN UKRAINE // 1. POLITICAL CENSORSHIP IN UKRAINE: THE STAGES OF IMPOSITION AND MECHANISMS OF IMPLEMENTATION // 2. CONCRETE MANIFESTATIONS OF POLITICAL CENSORSHIP AND THE METHODS OF ITS IMPOSITION // 3. CONCLUSIONS AND PROPOSALS // THE POSITIONS OF REPRESENTATIVES OF STATE AND PUBLIC STRUCTURES // THE PROBLEM OF THE FREEDOM OF SPEECH AND POLITICAL CENSORSHIP ACCORDING TO UKRAINIAN JOURNALISTS // FREEDOM OF SPEECH IN UKRAINE ACCORDING TO UKRAINIAN CITIZENS // DEFINITIONS OF FREEDOMS, or Some cautious thoughts addressed to the popularly elected deputies on the day of the Parliamentary Hearings on the freedom of speech, or the absence thereof // THE PRINCE OF DARKNESS AND TEMNYKS // WE HAVE LIVED OUT: SOME OF THE OLIGARCHS WILL SOON BECOME THE LAST GUARANTORS OF UNDISTORTED INFORMATION // IS IT POSSIBLE TO WITHSTAND THE POLITICAL DEPENDENCE OF THE MASS MEDIA IN PRESENT-DAY UKRAINE? // A THORNY PATH TO FREEDOM OF SPEECH IN UKRAINE // MASS MEDIA: A GOVERNMENT WATCHDOG // THE PRESS: WORKING UNDER A PRESS // CENSORSHIP IN THE NON-POLITICAL MASS MEDIA: HOW TO STRUGGLE AGAINST IT?
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UKRAINE ONE YEAR BEFORE THE 2004 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS // 1. THE 2004 PRESIDENTIAL RACE: THE COST AND PROSPECTS OF CHOICE // 2. POSSIBLE MANIFESTATIONS OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE RESOURCE AND “DIRTY” POLITICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE 2004 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS // 3. CONCLUSIONS AND PROPOSALS // POSSIBLE MANIFESTATIONS OF APPLICATION OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE RESOURCE AND “DIRTY” POLITICAL TECHNOLOGIES DURING THE 2004 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS AND PROPOSALS FOR NEUTRALISATION OF THEIR EFFECTS // UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS // UKRAINE’S FUTURE REQUIRES FREE AND FAIR ELECTIONS // FAIR PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS IN UKRAINE WILL BE A STIMULUS TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF DEMOCRACY IN THE REGION // WHAT IS THE PRIORITY — PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS OR CONSTITUTIONAL REFORM? // THE ELECTION CAMPAIGN WILL BE GRUELLING, TOUGH AND UNCOMPROMISING // THE ELECTIONS SHOULD ACTUALISE PUBLIC DISCUSSION // WESTERN SUPPORT CAN BE DECISIVE // THE FUTURE OF UKRAINE DEPENDS ON ALL OF US // EVERYTHING IS BEING DONE TO DISRUPT THE ELECTIONS // GUARANTEES ARE NEEDED...// THERE ARE MORE EFFICIENT METHODS THAN “DIRTY” TECHNOLOGIES // HIGHQUALITY ELECTION LEGISLATION IS A GUARANTEE OF DEMOCRATIC ELECTIONS // IS SOCIETY READY TO MAKE ITS CHOICE? // THE 2004 ELECTIONS: WHAT WILL THEY BE LIKE? // DEMOCRATIC ELECTIONS ARE POPULAR ELECTIONS BY DEFINITION
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KYIV: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT // 1. KYIV: PROFILE AND CONCEPTUAL APPROACHES TO DEVELOPMENT // 2. CITY RESIDENTS: GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS, STANDARD OF LIVING, AND QUALITY OF LIFE // 3. ORGANISATION OF LIFE IN THE CITY: GOVERNANCE, BUDGET, AUTHORITY, AND RESIDENTS // 4. CONCLUSIONS: KYIV’S ADVANTAGES AND PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPMENT // KYIV AND ITS RESIDENTS: PROBLEMS AND EXPECTATIONS // ASSESSING MUNICIPAL AMALGAMATION IN TORONTO, CANADA: WHAT HAS IT ACHIEVED? // ANNEX 1. SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, AND ADMINISTRATIVE PROBLEMS OF KYIV: SURVEY OF EXPERTS // ANNEX 2. SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, AND ADMINISTRATIVE PROBLEMS OF KYIV’S SATELLITE TOWNS: SURVEYS OF RESIDENTS AND EXPERTS
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Keywords: Horodecki; architect; imperial biography; social biography; architecture of Kiev
This article presents the figure of the well-known Polish architect, Władysław Horodecki. He was primarily active in the lands of today's Ukraine, in Kiev, but also in other cities of Russia, and after Poland regained its independence his career dimmed. His biography is placed in the context of the non-obvious social space of the Russian Empire, which was perceived by the architect as a space of his own. The urban culture of Russia at the time exposes itself as a place of divisions distinct from contemporary national perspectives, revealing its integrative potential. Horodecki was also characterised by a high degree of mobility, accompanied by the crossing of both physical and social boundaries. His professional biography fits into the discussion of imperial biography as a relevant analytical model.
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