![Chronicle of Poland’s International Relations in 2009](/api/image/getissuecoverimage?id=picture_2010_8747.jpg)
Keywords: rhetoric;somatics;augurs;zoophilology;deconstruction;free jazz;improvisation;birds
Rhetoric is considering from the way of performance (gr. hipokrizis, lat. actio), called by the Cicero “the body language”. There will be a point of departure in all kinds of somatic obstacles that limit the orator, and also the voices of the background that make oration harder. Among the natural voices there is a specific case of animal sounds, in particular birds’ melodies which were intensively listened by ancient augurs and poets. There is also returning question of birds singing and human voice, especially in the age of ecology and the new media, and in context of cinema music and literature. From the perspective of the zoophilology a very special case is the voice of marsh warbler that can be associated with jazz improvisation and the sampling. In the conclusion author reveals the rhetoric community between different discourses that were inspired by the art of improvisation – the free jazz (Coleman), deconstruction (Derrida) and birds language (marsh warbler).
More...Keywords: chronological order; political landscape; Romania;
The chronology was made - under the coordination of Raluca Alexandrescu - by the following students of the Faculty of Political Sciences of the University of Bucharest: Delia-Elena Mihart, Laura Popa Mare, Corina Rebegea, who used as sources the written press ("Adevărul", "Curentul", "Evenimentul Zilei", "Național", "România Libera" and the magazines "22" and "Observatorul Cultural"), but also the TV news from Antena 1, PROTV and România 1.
More...Keywords: psychotherapy; psychoanalysis; emancipation; cultural tradition; church; therapy process; mental disorders; conversation; dialogue;
In the article I ask the question about the place of an emancipatory task within various forms of psychotherapy and psychoanalysis, where conversations with the patient play an important role. This task arises on discovering that an important source of the patient’s problems are views inherited from cultural traditions, ones which inhibit a proper assessment of various traumatic situations from the past and the forms of dependence on others. Then psychotherapists and psychoanalysts are inevitably faced with the task of making the patient aware of these limitations and forms of dependence, for only then is therapeutic progress possible. I provide three characteristic examples of similar cases from Polish psychiatric tradition, in which we can speak of a similarly binding role of cultural tradition in the process of therapy. I point out that the difficult situation the therapist then finds themselves in lies in the fact that, on the one hand, they have to depart from the postulate of maintaining world-view neutrality in their approach to the patient while, on the other hand, they cannot directly impose their own position on the patient. The therapist has to find a third, middle way between these two attitudes, one which requires great sensitivity in any approaches to the patient.
More...Radu Carp - ANDRAS SAJO, Limiting Government — An Introduction to Constitutionalism, CEU Press, Budapest, 1999, 392 pp; Alexandra Ionescu - AREND LIJPHART, Patterns of Democracy. Government Forms and Performance in Thirty-Six Countries, Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 1999, 351 pp; Filon Morar - MARY ELLEN FISCHER (edited by), Establishing Democracies, Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado, 1996, 312 pp; Cristian Preda - ANNELI UTE GABANYI, Revoluția neterminată, Editura Fundației Culturale Române, București, 1999, 236 pp; Cristian Preda - STAN STOICA, Mic dicționar al partidelor politice din România (1989-2000), Editura Meronia, București, 2000,128 pp; Maria-Niara Berteanu - ALFRED BULA,I Mecanismele electorale ale societății românești, Paideia, București, 1999, 266 pp; Maria-Niara Berteanu - OAN DRÀGAN et al., Construcția simbolică a câmpului electoral, Institutul European, Iași, 1998, 493 pp; Cristian Preda - Doctrina liberală în România, antologie de texte cu un studiu științific introductiv de ION ILINCIOIU, Academia Română, Institutul de Teorie Socială, București, 1999, 252 pp; Cristian Preda - MIHAELA MIROIU, Societatea retro, Editura Trei, București, 1999, 200 pp; Miruna Tătaru-Cazaban - CATALIN AVRAMESCU, De la teologia puterii absolute la fizica socială. Finitudine și dezordine în teoria contractului social de la Hobbes la Rousseau, Editura AII, colecția „Științe politice", București, 1998, 238 pp; Miruna Tătaru-Cazaban - AURELIAN CRĂIUȚU, Elogiul libertății. Studii de filozofie politică, Polirom, seria „Sociologie, științe politice", Iași, 1998, 221 pp; Cristina Ion - ROSE-MARIE LAGRAVE, Voyage aux pays d’une utopie déchue, PUF, Paris, colecția „Intervention philosophique", 1998,186 pp; Ioan Stanomir - OCTAVIAN ROSKE, Tradiția conservatoare în gândirea americană, 1783-1860, Editura AII, București, 1998, 452 pp; Alexandra Ionescu - ANDRE LETON, ANDRE MIROIR, Les conflits communautaires en Belgique, PUF, Paris, 1999, 367 pp; Cristina Arion - JOËL KOTEK (sous la direction de), L’Europe et ses villes-frontières, Éditions Complexe, Bruxelles, 1996, 330 pp; Cristina Arion - VALENTIN STAN, România și eșecul campaniei pentru Vest, Editura Universității din București, București, 1999, 316 pp;
More...Keywords: self-reflection; biography; the voice; immortality; vitality;
Gellu Dorian is a great contemporary Romanian poet, obviously postmodernist. I am a liberal spirit and I have received him as you would a Resurrected from the books. He is a poet who, like Marcel Proust, uses metonymy. The creative figure of Gellu Dorian is in "the glory of the cricketer" and in "the memory of Plato." It is the perfect synthesis between solidity and authority, between sublimation of faith and orphan reestablishment.
More...Keywords: Christian art; Church painting; persecutions; Elvira; Gangra;
The context of the persecutions (1st-4th century AD) influenced the thought and the attitude of the first Christian artists. The initiators of Christian art - then in its early stage - will be put, conceptually, in very sensitive situations regarding the correct doctrinal approach of themes and messages corresponding to the Christian cult. In addition to the difficulties encountered from the persecutors, which led to the hermetism of the Christian cult, to the arcane discipline of the members of the primary Church and – necessarly - to maintaining ecclesial art in a rigid formula, full of secret messages and secret symbols, the artists were in a position to mediate between the two major trends of the community: the judaizers and the nations.
More...Keywords: Romania; constitution; communism; nationality; autonomy; nationality policy; Stalinist constitutionalism;
After World War II, Romania, like the other states of the Soviet bloc, introduced so-called people’s democratic constitutions. These constitutions were characterized by the ideological values and class approach of communism, and Romania was forced to reject its earlier constitutional legacy. During the communist era, Romania adopted three constitutions, in 1948, 1952, and 1965, of which the 1952 Constitution is a particular intersection and a paradox in terms of history and constitutional law. It is an intersection in the sense that it is the culmination of the first stage of the radical social, economic, political, and legal transformation formally initiated by the 1948Constitution and a transition to the 1965 Constitution, which also introduced some specific Romanian characteristics. It is special in the sense that it is the first fundamental law in the history of the Romanian Constitution to be drafted in accordance with the rules of formal constitutionalism. From the substantive point of view, its value lies in the fact that, despite the formal and economic egalitarian social theory of communist ideology and its violent implementation, it has elevated nationality issues to a state organization issue on the basis of the Stalinist model and nationality policy, proving that taking them into account does not conflict with the territorial integrity of the state from a state organization point of view.
More...Keywords: external migration; communist period; transition period;
In this study I described, form a diachronic perspective, the main stages of external migration, emphasising especially the totalitarian period and transition one. From the sociological theories (human capital theory, theory of push and pull factors, social network theory, institutional theory) I chose the theory launched by Ravenstein (1876) and continued by E. Lee (1966), which follows to determine the factors that make the migrants to leave their country of origin (push factors) and what attracts the migrants to the destination countries (pull factors)? A possible answer could be given by the inequalities in the existent life standard in their country of origin. If during the communist period few Romanians managed to cross the border, after the ’90s their number grew overwhelmingly, so that, in recent years, Romania was placed next to Syria, among the countries with the highest emigration rate (according to UNO Report, 2017).
More...Keywords: advertising; commercial advertising; cinema;
The paper follows some theoretical distinctions between the terms of advertising and commercial advertising. The cinema is an environment with high efficiency and moderate costs when it comes to commercials. Cinema is one of the most accessible and attractive ways of escaping from everyday life, which allows a positive perception of advertisements. The captive audience in the cinema makes this medium one of the most effective media. According to SNA Focus, quoted by paginademedia.ro, since the 1970s, studies have shown that cinema has the greatest impact on public, compared to TV, radio, print or outdoor. According to the Media Fact Book analysis, the advertising market will exceed half a billion euros in 2020, for the first time after 2008. After only 12 years, the media industry manages to return to the level of 2008, in terms of investments in advertising. The Romanian media market is expected to reach 514 million euros this year, after in 2019 it registered 487 million euros.
More...Keywords: Petre Gârboviceanu; The „Petre Gârboviceanu” Library; modern Romanian books; Romanian periodicals; the stamp «The ”Petre Gârboviceanu” Library. Founded 1932»; donation; The Romanian Academy Library;
Petre Gârboviceanu (1862-1934), an important personality for Romanian cultural and political life, was a pedagogue, teacher and director of the Normal Primary School for Boys in Bucharest from 1889 until the end of his life, politician, author, translator, preface writer and text editor. He was also active as a teacher in theological education, often dealing with certain religious issues in his speeches. At the beginning of 1929 he was honored at the Central Seminar in Bucharest for 41 years of activity, on this occasion the work Tribute to Petre Gârboviceanu (Bucharest, 1929) was published (Pl. II/1, 3). In his personal library, of approximately 10,000 volumes, P. Gârboviceanu collected books from his youth and donated manuscripts and valuable works to The Romanian Academy Library from an early age. In 1932, he inaugurated the Normal School library building in Bucharest, which was called the “Petre Gârboviceanu” Library, its core being his donation of over 5,000 volumes, as well as complete collections of Romanian periodicals. In a study published in 2004, signed by P. Grigoriu, it was stated that the inventory of the “Petre Gârboviceanu” Library reached over 20,000 volumes, but the collections were later dispersed to other institutions.In 1949, the Pedagogical School in Bucharest, the successor of the Normal School, donated the entire collections of the “Petre Gârboviceanu” Library to the Romanian Academy. In the archive of the Romanian Academy Library two documents were recently discovered, which shows that the delivery of the books was completed on November 21, 1949. At the same time, an inventory register of the “Petre Gârboviceanu” Library, of 113 pages, was also published in 2020, in which are noted 9,190 book titles, followed by 310 magazine titles of the former library. All of them are part of the Romanian Academy Library's heritage.Through the present study, we bring to attention several dozen modern Romanian books and old periodicals from the “Petre Gârboviceanu” Library, which are kept in the special collections of the Eco-Museum Research Institute “Gavrilă Simion” Tulcea. These copies, printed in the 19th century, come from the Library of the Romanian Academy through a transfer from 1979-1980. The publications are identified by three interrelated elements: the oval stamp «The “Petre Gârboviceanu” Library. Founded 1932», applied to the title pages; label «B. “P.G.”» with the quota and inventory numbers of the books, applied on the inside of the cover or on the spine; Book covers with gold stamping on the spine, “Bibl. P.G.” or “B.G.” (Pl. I/1-4).Regarding the books, 37 volumes of modern Romanian books were identified in the collections of Tulcea, which were part of the “Petre Gârboviceanu” Library. All bear the stamp of the library founded in 1932, the label «Bibl. “P.G.”», also the stamp of the Library of the Romanian Academy. There are situations in which the quota on the label «Bibl. “P. G.”» was cancelled, and the share of the book from the collections of the Romanian Academy Library was moved below. Among the various titles we mention: Vasile Alecsandri, The fountain of Blanduzia, Bucharest, 1884; Theodor Codrescu, Collection of various documents that can serve the history of the Romanian, vol. XXIV, Iasy, 1895; The history of the Romans, translator I. Fătu, vol. I, Galați, 1853 (Pl. III/1-3).A few volumes of periodicals are also kept in Tulcea, which bear the stamp or label of the “Petre Gârboviceanu” Library. These titles can be found in the inventory register kept at the Library of the Romanian Academy, to which we referred previously. There are newspapers, broadsheets or magazines from the 19th century, such as The Romanian Bee. Political and literary newspaper and The week. Village sheet (Pl. IV/3-4). The books and magazines from the library that bore his name, “Petre Gârboviceanu”, regardless of which collections are kept today, define both a great teacher, publicist and a politician who loves the country and the Romanian values.
More...Keywords: structure; reading; openness; body; adventure; voice; layer;
As both a poet and prose writer, as a theorist of Romanian trans-modernism, I feel most able to say that in current Romanian literature the lyrical discourse is also narrative, and the narrative is also poetic. I could further exemplify through the poetry of Gabriel Chifu and Adrian Alui Gheorghe, both of whom are also remarkable prose writers. I would tend to believe that such a model is specific to the tradition of local modernity. The following were both excellent novella writers and brilliant poets: Mihai Eminescu, Vasile Voiculescu, Mircea Ciobanu, A.E. Baconsky, Petre Stoica, Ştefan Bănulescu, Mihai Ursachi, Gellu Naum and others. And this article argues for the trans-poetic trans genre (narrative lyric or vice versa). It does so by resorting to irrefutable / infallible strengths offered by the philosophy of the imaginary, by structuralism, by the concept of open work (even if it is a masterpiece - m.n., I.P.B.). It thus imposes, demonstratively and functionally, a new regime of writing-as-such, usually (pro) grammatically irresistible. But also, the seven concentric iconospheric layers, placed for the first time in a firm, plausible and systematizing iconographic and iconological figure almost without fissure in the post- / trans-modern (ist) eon.
More...Keywords: Dacia Porolissensis; Roman roads; Roman fort Sutor (Optatiana); vicus militaris; pottery production centre;
The first information concerning the Roman fort at Sutor (Sălaj County) and its civilian settlement were recorded during the second half of the 19th century. Regarding the military unit stationed here, several solutions have been proposed for the reading of the NMO tile stamp through time. The generally accepted version is the one proposed by C. Daicoviciu, who translates the above-mentioned initials as N(umerus) M(aurorum) O(ptatianensium). The first systematic archaeological research carried out within the site was performed back in 2001 and, starting from that moment, has continued with some interruptions until now. However, the archaeological excavations occasioned by the large infrastructure works recently performed in the area have brought new information regarding the chronology of the site and the function that Optatiana had within the province of Dacia Porolissensis. Obviously, the central element of the settlement is represented by the two roads that intersect in the immediate vicinity of the vicus. The presence of the settlement at the intersection of important routes within the province must have contributed decisively to the economic development of the site, the location of the Roman camp at Sutor in that exact position not being accidental. In addition to the main function of overseeing the road-junction and controlling the transit on these two road arteries, the site at Sutor has become an important logistics hub and prosperous economic center, the nature of the structures identified here but also their orientation towards the two roads managing to give the vicus a quasi-urban aspect.
More...Keywords: Romanian literature; Republic of Moldova; poetry;
Poems by: Marcela Benea - "EU SUNT CARTEA", "O FETIȚĂ SAPĂ GRĂDINA"/ Leo Butnaru - "Sepia scrisului", "De la poarta maternității", "Puțin spus ciudatul refuz?..."/ Ion Buzu - "Jaluzele", "Băieții lui Plahotniuc"/ Grigore Chiper - "Foto din Boston", "Călătorie din Scylla în Caribda"/ Svetlana Corobceanu - "Cosașul", "lumini pe cerul nopții"/ Margareta Curtescu - "poem pentru marius", "iubirea este de stânga dragostea este de dreapta", "jazz"/ Iulian Fruntașu - "ce dracu!", "vocea ta cornelia"/ Rodica Gotca - "rușine", "Pan_de_Mica"/ Vasile Gribincea - "Agi(t)ato", "Limpede"/ Nicolae Leahu - "FOILE HĂULUI"/ Irina Nechit - "Elegie", "Cercul de apă"/ Artiom Oleacu - (fragment)/ Maria Pilchin - "și va veni autocarul", "am tăcut în magazinul moldova"/ Nicolae Popa - "Donbasul din palmă"/ Vasile Romanciuc - "Stare", "Frumusețea", "Recitind poeme de Șerban Foarță", "Amprente"/ Alexandru Vakulovski - "Apă-n Kosovo /o mânecă", "a cui e casa"/ Mihail Vakulovski - "în camera copiilor din casa părintească"/
More...Keywords: Civil-democratic oversight; democratisation; intelligence agencies; mass media; Romania;
The scope of this article is to contribute to the relatively neglected topic of mass media as an oversight mechanism of the intelligence sector in post-communist settings by focusing on the case of Romania. I use prior research in intelligence studies and build up an analytic framework for the assessment of the effectiveness of mass-media, understood as, on one hand, the ability to generate changes (ranging from adjustments in leadership to thorough democratic reforms) and, on the other hand, to ensure that the operational capacity of intelligence services is not significantly impacted by public disclosures if information related to its specific activity. The framework considers several variables that, according to literature, limit the effectiveness of mass-media in post-communist contexts – namely the authoritarian past (seen as a source of bias against intelligence services in general); access of the media to relevant resources (expertise and information); the independence of the journalists involved; the legal levers at their discretion. I test the framework by describing how these limitations manifest in the Romanian context, and how they impact mass-media performance in three recent scandals of the national intelligence sector.
More...Keywords: Henri Dutilleux; French composer; 20th century;
Henri Dutilleux was one of the prominent figures of European composition, especially in the second half of the 20th century. A complex personality, he worked throughout his career as a musician in various poses, from pianist, to accompanist, to conductor, to pedagogue, to composer, being one of the main promoters of French culture and beyond. He received numerous awards and recognitions for his entire activity, his reputation not only surpassing the borders of the country, but also the European ones. Although he began composing at a very young age, Dutilleux repeatedly omits to include these works in his catalog, even refusing to mention them in the section of his interpreted works. Meticulous and extremely pedantic, he always made changes to his works, constantly crystallizing his style both throughout the varied musical experiences in which the musician took part and through the close collaborations he had with instrumental artists whom he consulted regarding timbral possibilities and techniques of the instruments he was writing for. His compositions, although not very numerous, encompass a vast genuistically variety, and an exhaustive stylistic approach. Although he always embraces new compositional techniques, Dutilleux never reaches a rational extremism, keeping in the foreground the idea of meaningful music, and not the other way around. He died on 22nd of May 2013, in Paris, at the age of 97.
More...Keywords: media; identity; alterity; surname; nickname;
Literary names are mostly justified, many of the characters being firstly portrayed by means of this feature. In everyday life, the name is being chosen in an arbitrary way, so that the media hero originates from a structure which reflects only an identity. Consequently, most of media heroes are given nicknames and surnames. It is at this very point that they can be thoroughly justified and accomplish the role that characters' names are ought to do in literature.
More...Keywords: prayer; hesychia; miracles; holiness; neighbour; love; temptations; piety;
The hesychast prayer is not only an elevation of the mind towards God, accompanied by a steadfast will and a sober sanctification corresponding to this state of mind, but it is also a gift of God’s grace, offered to the devout, who persevere unceasingly in fervent, sincere prayer, pure and undisturbed by passionate thoughts. In their souls the gifts of the Spirit bear full fruit (Galatians 5, 22): tranquility, joy, peace, trust, comfort, gentleness and all the other benefits that spring from true prayer. Whoever has reached this stage of prayer and tasted the unspeakable beauty of her spiritual gifts has reached the light of God’s knowledge, the contemplative life, lived in the Spirit and in truth (John 4, 24). Prayer is the food of our spiritual life, for without it our soul cannot survive. Prayer is our spiritual breath, the means by which we cultivate the relationship of communion with God, we manifest our love and trust towards Him and we acquire from Him all that is useful for our souls and bodies, as the Savior entrusted us, saying: “Whatever you ask the Father in my name, he will give it to you” (John 16, 23). The Holy Fathers made prayer the object of their daily activity. They practiced prayer in the ideal way, concentrating their mind on God, removing from it tempting thoughts and passionate imaginings and lowering it into the depths of the heart, to inflame it with the spirit of divine love and turn it into the purified abode of the Holy Spirit.The purity of the humble thought and the sincere and loving heart make the prayer fruitful, descending the divine grace into our souls, to enlighten them and direct them on the path of salvation. In the exercise of prayer, we also ask for the intercession of the saints, because these “households of God” (Ephesians 2, 19) can intervene with Him for us, to protect us from dangers, to deliver us from troubles, to help us overcome sin and to win the crown of salvation. Of all the saints, the Mother of God is our most fervent intercessor and supporter. As the spiritual mother of Christians, she is the perfect model of persistent prayer for the human race. God fulfills our requests especially when we pray for the health, growth, help and salvation of our neighbour. Prayer is the invincible weapon with which we defeat the devil’s devices and illusions, our conversation with God and the royal path on which we direct our steps to heaven.
More...Keywords: cochlear implant; family-centred practice; transition from preschool to school;
Cochlear implant (CI) is a medical procedure originally developed in the United States. In Romania, it is part of the national programme for the treatment of deafness with implantable hearing aids managed by the National Health Insurance House. Successful implantation transforms the child with hearing loss into a hearing but not a speaking child. Only with systematic support and guidance will the child become a speaker. It is risky to assume that the development of the child with CI follows the same milestones and has to overcome the same challenges as the typical child. In fact, successful integration into mainstream school must be considered a separate objective, which will be prepared and actively pursued during the child’s pre-school years by the child’s educational partners (family – teachers – speech therapist). Spontaneous development is not guaranteed; moreover, there is a risk of losing the child’s development potential. This is why the preparation of the family, the child with CI, the teachers and even the school as a physical environment is essential for a successful start at school. This paper aims to provide a brief contextualisation of cochlear implantation and also answers some pressing questions for an optimal transition to schooling. It considers building and strengthening the self-image of the child with CI, developing personal autonomy, training and developing conversational skills, investigating options related to school choice, getting to know the school and future teachers, forming and developing the prerequisites for schooling, pragmatic suggestions for involving the family in school activities, but also for involving teachers in the school integration of the child with CI.
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