![Book reviews, Chronicle, Abreviations](/api/image/getissuecoverimage?id=picture_1995_6201.jpg)
Book reviews, Chronicle, Abreviations
Recenzii, cronica, abrevieri
Keywords: medieval towns; Dacia; Moldavia; Brăila; Bucharest; Constanţa; Sighişoara; Schässburg; Atlas;
More...Keywords: medieval towns; Dacia; Moldavia; Brăila; Bucharest; Constanţa; Sighişoara; Schässburg; Atlas;
More...Keywords: literary history; literary critic; Romanian literature and poetry; the rationality of interpretation;
Comments on the writings of: Nicolae Manolescu, Ion Pop, Eugen Simion, Paul Cornea, Dan Horia Mazilu, Gheorghe Craciun, Mircea Muthu, Marian Papahagi, Al. Cistelecan, Ion Bogdan Lefter, Ioana Bot, Ştefan Borbély, Gheorghe Perian
More...Keywords: economy; mining industry; natural resources market; property rights regime; total economic value
Natural resources are not homogeneous in nature, having certain features in the productive process that require grouping them into different categories by different criteria. Consequently, natural resources cannot be addressed all at once, but only distinctly, according to relevant criteria selected based on the proposed goals. Changing approaches based resources (materials) to the knowledge, from quantity to quality, from mass products to new concepts of higher added value, follows a development that is based on eco-efficiency and sustainable products and services. In this respect, integrated research will become key factors towards global processing.
More...Keywords: enterprise; professionals; new Civil Code; carrying on an enterprise; commercial law.
The new concept of enterprise is laid down in new Civil Code in connection with another new concept: the professional (entrepreneur). The old commercial terms, commercial acts and deeds and merchant, have been well represented in legal texts in comparison with present concepts. Our new code imported these concepts together with their weaknesses from the Italian and Quebec Codes. The short references within the Code to enterprise and professional put again the burden of clarification on the scholars’ shoulders.The law defines the professionals as the persons who carry on an enterprise and therefore the legislator pursues to the ‘carrying on an enterprise” definition. Doing so, in fact the legislator leaves the enterprise concept undefined. The carrying on by one or more persons of an organised economic activity, whether or not it is “commercial” in nature, consisting of producing, administering or alienating property or providing a service, constitutes the carrying on of an enterprise. The enterprise is a term long time connected with commercial and private law. All past decades, beginning with the old Commercial code, then socialist economy and post-communist era used intensively the concept of enterprise. The meaning of this term differed substantially in every decade. Present notion need scientific scrutiny in order to crystallize a convergent approach. In our paper we will consider the notion of enterprise starting from the past perception of this concept then we will try to observe the variety of enterprises under present law.
More...Keywords: sustainable development; public administration; local development; citizen; public decision
The present research aims to establish and outline the involvement of local government and citizens in sustainable development. In other words, in this paper will highlight that good local government collaboration with citizens leads to support economic and sustainable city. The phrase "city motor development" is very common in the development strategies of each city, but we meet frequently and lips each represented locally. Importance of the work is given by observing citizen involvement in local development projects, but also re-elected their views on problems and potential solutions, both short and long term sustainability. Mention that this scientific approach, without intending to limit the approach as a process of local development, I look at two related areas of analysis: economic and administrative.
More...Keywords: humble love; mission; communion; meanings of love; God’s glory; Church.
Our study aims to prove in which way the love of God is the motive and the purpose of the Christian mission. Because of this, it briefly speaks about the concept of humble love in relation to God’s glory and underlines the role of this love within creation and in the sending of God’s Son into the world. Also, it shows the fact that the love on which the mission of the Son is based generates in those to whom he is sent the aspiration to cultivate this love within the ecclesial community. In this way, the love becomes purpose of the Christian mission, contributing to the building into unity of the Christians within the Church.
More...Keywords: tourist companies; strategic management orientation; strategic problems.
Romania is known for its tourist resources. Why, then, Romanian tourism did not become yet the engine of the national economy? This is the starting question of this research. We started with the idea that we have to look for the routs of all problems at the microeconomic level not at the macro one. We have studied a sample of companies involved in tourism field and we applied a questioner to their management board. The most important thing to highlight was if the management decisions are strategically orientated or not. The conclusions reveal a sum of problems that Romanian tourism companies are facing. The most important problem is a lack of strategic approach in management process. Further, we made a short sketch of the scenario that might be followed and we revealed the advantages and disadvantages of the possible alternatives for the Romanian tourism companies.
More...Keywords: teaching career; teaching training program; motivation; didactic competence; professional satisfaction; vocational counseling.
Our research aimed to study the motivational and attitudinal spectrum of people who chose to be teachers after graduation and decided to attend the post-graduate training program for pursuing a teaching career. The main method of investigation was the survey based on the questionnaire. The items of the questionnaire included the current employment status of trainees, the determination of the decision to pursue a teaching career, the motivation behind this option, the time horizon in which they think they will practice as teachers, as well as the estimated level of professional satisfaction. The study highlights the need for early vocational counseling programs that should ease a correct option for the teaching profession.
More...Keywords: lexis; sporting language; etymology; influence; sporting domain
Actually, sporting language is very in fashion due to the fact that it is used not only in media papers, but also in the online ones. There are many words borrowed in the Romanian vocabulary from the sporting domain. In our paper, our purpose is to bring into focus the manner in which the sporting language that has, especially, English etymology is going to reflect into Romanian lexis.
More...Keywords: domicile; residence; inviolability; domicile searches
This article makes a comparative analysis of the concepts of domicile and residence as well as guarantees in accordance with the constitutional rules of law, civil law, criminal law and international documents. Legal term of "domicile" and the "residence" used in art. 27 para. (1) of the Constitution have other meanings than those known and commonly used, these terms are used with different meanings in civil law to criminal law and to constitutional law. The right to housing and the right to inviolability of private life are related to a person, it is guaranteed by domestic legal norms and rules of European and international legal.
More...Keywords: pottery; tumulus; Coţofeni; Kostolac; Vučedol; Iamnaia
The end of the Coţofeni culture in northeast Oltenia and, implicitly, of the transition period to the metal age, is related to the distribution of some strong influences coming from the two great circles or cultural areas. Noticeable in the pottery repertoire, but also in terms of their spiritual origin, their source is found in the Kostolac, Vučedol and Iamnaia cultures. The vast resources of salt in this area were a vital element in the development of the human communities, as demonstrated by their setting near the brine springs. This article identifies the various stages of development among northeastern Oltenia populations, observing their coexistence in the area over a period of relative calm. It also explores how the evolution of the Coţofeni culture was interrupted by the entrance of Glina communities in the early Bronze Age period, and how elements of their ceramic decoration style were adopted.
More...Keywords: Central Powers; Franco-Russian Alliance; Entente Cordiale; Anglo-Russian Agreement; Triple Entente; Triple Alliance;
The current study analyzes the implications of the Triple Entente establishment on Romanian foreign policy. A “small state,” Romania had to shape its foreign policy according to the relations among the Great Powers and the important international mutations that they triggered. Under the circumstances created after the Berlin Congress, Romania found its security guarantees through its alliance with that group of powers which were dominant in international life and its accession to the Central Powers was a solution imposed by the realities of that historical moment. The establishment of the Triple Entente would gradually alter the balance of power internationally. The Franco- Russian Alliance failed to overcome the Triple Alliance hegemony. The Entente Cordiale marked a certain balance of forces and strengthened France's position at international level. But the defeat of Russia in the war with Japan meant, at the same time, a weakening of the Franco-Russian alliance, which kept the impression of a certain military superiority of the Central Powers. However, the first “Moroccan crisis” proved that it could be only relative, the Entente Cordiale being strengthened. The conclusion of the Anglo-Russian agreement and the finalization of the Triple Entente establishment in this way, however, brought about an essential change in the balance of power at international level. While the Triple Alliance was primarily a continental alliance, the Triple Entente, given the vast colonial possessions of the member states, was a world one. Thus, the international context that imposed Romania's accession to the Triple Alliance was fundamentally altered, which made it necessary to re-analyze its position externally, in accordance with the great interests of the Romanian nation, related to the achievement of state unity. At the time of its establishment, however, the Triple Entente was not consolidated. The Anglo-French and Anglo-Russian agreements, concluded under the form of dividing the spheres of influence in Africa and Asia, did not contain firm policy commitments and, besides, future disagreements in key issues were possible. Romania needed to wait and reflect in order to tune its foreign policy to the aspirations for national reunification. The interests of ensuring the state security remained a priority, a situation in which it was necessary to maintain the alliance with the Central Powers.
More...Keywords: new folklore; amateur artistic ensembles; folk performance; ethnomusicologic research; communist ideology;
Romanian ethnomusicology has a series of less discussed and, implicitly, less understood topics. One of them is the relatively vast literature that addresses the new folklore that appeared after the installation of the communist regime and the folk music of artistic ensembles performed on stage. Most of the texts written on these subjects display a strong political and ideological pressure. Consequently, they are either forgotten or superficially perceived as evidence of a repressive regime, adding to the general belief that the communist regime turned peasant art into an instrument of propaganda. Starting from a study signed by Ioan R. Nicola on music collected from Mărginimea Sibiului, we will try to understand the theoretical horizon and the ideological limitations that influenced the way researchers wrote about contemporary music phenomena in the second half of the twentieth century. Despite the constraints, we argue that ethnomusicologists had at hand a coherent system of analysis of the folk music, which they had to adapt to the official ideology.
More...Keywords: party; parliamentary elections; universal vote; electoral list; distinctive mark;
The study of political life allows us to understand some important mechanisms which define the existence of a community, in a particular historical age. For an urban center such as the town of Galați, the issue of political life can be approached only considering it within the large political frame of the whole country. We have to discover the way the national political frame influenced, in various ways, the local situation. The relations between the central and the local institutions, between the government and the local authorities, between the parties and their local branches will be under scrutiny. Moreover, the paper will analyse the involvement of the local political elites in the process of mass mobilization during the electoral campaigns. As examples, we have chosen four of the most important parliamentary elections that took place between 1918 and 1948: those from 1922, 1928, 1937 and 1946. We investigated the functioning of the local political system and its dependency on the national political tendencies.
More...Keywords: ex-libris; Art Nouveau; European Art; etching;
The Ex-libris collection from the Batthyaneum Library is perhaps one of the most valuable of its kind in Romania. Proof for this is the multitude of artists, currents, motifs, and periods that one could find. The collection includes Ex-libris over a period of almost 500 years, from the 16th - 20th centuries. In this article, we focus on the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The most representative artistic current is that of Art Nouveau. There is an extremely long list of first-rate European artists that signed some of the works. Among them, there are several Ex-libris belonging to the artists of the Secessionist group in Vienna. The richness of the Ex-libris collection is clear proof of its artistic, bibliophile and documentary value.
More...Keywords: economic criminality; corruption affairs; anti-capitalism; anti-Semitism; international relations; government investments; Eastern Europe;
Romania’s great corruption scandals of the last two centuries – Strousberg, Škoda and Bechtel – reveal the intensification of anti-capitalist sentiments, the loss of confidence in the political class and democratic institutions, the increase in anti-Semitic manifestations, the important role of the political opposition and of the media in discouraging economic criminality, the international ramifications of these shady deals and the privileged positions which the representatives of companies based in powerful nations find themselves in. This paper provides a long-term perspective on the phenomenon, allowing us to observe how corruption causes and effects changed over time and what patterns it follows. We have documented the cases using mainly primary sources, such as memoirs and newspaper interviews of the protagonists, as well as editorial accounts by journalists from each era. We also consulted scholarly works and statistics on the contemporary evolution of the corruption index.
More...Keywords: human bones;Neolithic;Vinča;interpersonal violence;context;
In this contribution the author presents several discarded human bones found in various Neolithic contexts from the Vinča settlement at Șoimuș-La Avicola (Ferma 2), Hunedoara County, Romania. Some of them show signs of interpersonal violence, which makes the interpretation more difficult when compared with the usual funerary contexts of the Southeast European Neolithic. On the other hand, this type of finds are not uncommon in the Neolithic Europe of the second half of the 6th and the first half of the 5th millennia BC
More...Keywords: John Henry Newman; Conscience; Conversion; Trust; Truth; Oxford Movement; Anglican Church; Catholic Church
This work summarizes the moments in which John Henry Newman experienced a personal conversion, which led him to a greater trust in Providence. As he writes, these moments became a kind of manifestation of God’s truth in his life. The first moment occurred when, at the age of fifteen, he came to know that God was constantly with him. He grew aware of a second conversion, when he experiences the weakness and death of his sister, which compelled him to move away from the intellectual perfectionism of the evangelical faith he professed. The third moment came after the rejection of the Oxford Movement, when Newman arrived at the conclusion that it was not the Anglican Church, but the Catholic Church, that possessed all of Christian truth and tradition. Finally, the fourth moment of conversion emerged in Newman’s Catholic period, when he was confronted with the definition of papal infallibility and showed himself to be in some contradiction with the authority of the Church. These moments allowed us to define the concept of trust in Newman’s teachings and life. We follow this author in his itinerary of reflection to underline that, although in the Catholic Church trust is related to faith and is observed in pastors, this trust is never contrary nor subjected to reason.
More...Keywords: political regime; authoritarian monarchy regime; King Carol II; constitutionalism; Constitution of 27 February 1938; bankruptcy of interwar parliamentary democracy;
In this study, the author uses extensive documentary material, some of it unpublished yet, to try to outline the character of the political regime instituted by King Carol II in February 1938. It is well known that in Romanian historiography the reign of King Carol II has been described in different ways, from personal dictatorship to authoritarian monarchy. The author points out that in the 1930s, the democratic institutions created by the liberal Constitution of 1923 were seriously eroded, primarily due to the inability of the political parties and, in general, of the Romanian democratic parliamentary system to find solutions to the serious economic, political and social problems faced by each political party in government and by the country as a whole. The author considers the political regime established by King Carol II to be a Caesarist regime, a regime of active or authoritarian monarchy. In addition, the study also shows the internal and external causes and conditions of the establishment of this regime. The author concludes that the political regime in place during the reign of King Carol II was a 'political solution type regime' to save the country from the Legionary threat. At the same time the author analyses, on the basis of numerous bibliographical sources, many of which used for the first time in this study, the content of the Constitution of 27 February 1938. In conclusion, the author considers that the political regime of monarchical authority instituted by King Carol II in February 1938 must also be framed, analysed and understood in the light of the spirit and practice of European constitutional law at the time.
More...Keywords: Early Bronze Age; Glina culture; Krummesser; function; old collections;
In this contribution the author presents a batch of stone curved knives from the settlement of Glina-La Nuci, Ilfov County. They belong to the old collections of National Museum of Antiquities and are a part of a larger effort to recover unpublished data and artefacts from this settlement investigated by known figures of Romanian archaeology such as Ion Nestor, Mircea Petrescu-Dâmboviţa or Eugen Comşa. In addition to the description of the artefacts, the origin, distribution and possible functions of this type of object are briefly discussed.
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