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Jews, Burghers and Lords. Social and Economic Relations in the Town of Roudnice nad Labem (Raudnitz), 1592–1619

Jews, Burghers and Lords. Social and Economic Relations in the Town of Roudnice nad Labem (Raudnitz), 1592–1619

Author(s): Petr Kopička,Hana Legnerová / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2005

Keywords: Czech Republic - co-existence of Jews and burghers; the Jewish community; Battle of White Mountain; Zdeněk Vojtěch of Lobkowicz; Polyxena of Rožmberk; Mikuláš Zálužský of Helfenštejn; Roudnice nad Labem

In the study the authors have focused on the social interaction of the Jews in the relatively wealthy nobility-owned town under the rule of the Catholic-oriented aristocrats – Polyxena of Rožmberk/Lobkowicz and Zdeněk Vojtěch Popel of Lobkowicz – from the beginning of the separate rule of Polyxena of Rožmberk (1592/93) through to the final process in the relocation of the Jews to the Roudnice suburb of Hasa (1619). (transl. S. Hattersley)

Introduction

Introduction

Author(s): Marina Grishakova / Language(s): English / Issue: 05/2006

The aim of this book is to describe certain types of time, space and point-of-view construction in Vladimir Nabokov’s fiction and to explore their modeling role in the artistic, philosophical and scientific discourses of the modernist and early postmodernist age. There exists a semio-narratological tradition of a single author or a single work research: Todorov’s The Grammar of the Decameron, Greimas’ Maupassant, Genette’s Narrative Discourse, Barthes’ S/Z, etc., — where the work of fiction serves as a test case for a theory or method. These studies aim at the elaboration of the taxonomies or models of more or less universal applicability. Although Genette’s specific focus of interest is Proust, he approaches Proust via the classical narrative tradition from the Odyssey to Stendhal. Proustian techniques often prove to be “anomalous” with respect to that tradition. The present study treats Nabokov’s fiction in the vein of postclassical narratology — as both an object and a tool of research.

Staging national identities in contemporary Estonian theatre and film

Staging national identities in contemporary Estonian theatre and film

Author(s): Alo Joosepson,Ester Võsu / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2005

This paper focuses on the ways in which national identities are staged in recent film and theatre productions in Estonia. We want to complement the prevalent approaches to nationality (Anderson 1983; Gellner 1983; Bhabha 1990), where the role of theatre and film as modellers of national identity are undervalued. National identity is a complex term that presupposes some clarification, which we gave by describing its dynamics today; its relation to ethnic identity, a thread between the lived and declared national identities, and the relevance of culture-based national identity. Herein we consider the concept of staging to have two implications: (1) as an aesthetic term it incorporates an artistic process, comprising several devices and levels; (2) as a concept in cultural theory it describes cultural processes in which something is set on stage for public reflection. Accordingly, in our analysis we considered national identities in theatre and film stagings in both senses. The results of our analyses demonstrated that our hypothesis about emerging new national identities in Estonia was valid, though deconstructed and hybrid national identities are not exactly and absolutely new types of identities but rather strategies of creating space for new identities to develop. A deconstructed national identity refers to the state of high self-reflexivity in which the existing elements of national identity are re-examined, recontextualised and re-evaluated. Further, a hybrid national identity demonstrates the diversity and coexistence of the components of national identity. Both strategies of staging are characteristic of the transformation of national identities, confirming that a single homogenous staging of national identity seems to be replaced by bringing multiple new self-models on stage.

THE ACADEMIC CAREER OF THE HISTORIAN AND ARCHIVIST BERTOLD BRETHOLZ

THE ACADEMIC CAREER OF THE HISTORIAN AND ARCHIVIST BERTOLD BRETHOLZ

Author(s): Zdeňka Stoklásková / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2015

Keywords: Bertold Bretholz; Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession; First Czechoslovak Republic;Chronica Boemorum (Chronicle of the Bohemians); Monumenta Germaniae Historica

This study is an attempt to get closer to the inherently contradictory personality of the historian and archivist Bertold Bretholz. His conversion to the Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession was probably motivated by the prospect of a position in the civil service or an academic post, but did not involve breaking off his family ties; his professional contacts were not influenced by his conversion. Another question, of course, is the concealed antisemitism of some of his colleagues, which not even Bretholz’s conversion could change. The Jewish culture, however, still meant very much to Bretholz and was to become his only field of research at the end of his life. A considerable change in Bretholz’s life came about with the founding of the First Czechoslovak Republic. Bretholz was known as a German nationalist, particularly as a result of his ‘continual theory’ of the settlement of the Bohemian lands by the German population. It should be said, however, that Bretholz viewed himself as a person who had not animosity towards other nations;his pacifist sentiment is indisputable. Many a personality can be viewed through their ‘second life’, i.e. through an imaginary perception of the life and work of a deceased person. Given the current state of research, it is not yet possible to write the second life of Bertold Bretholz. This fascinating person has fallen into oblivion, even though his work, with the exception of his ‘continual theory’, is still cited. His edition of Chronica Boemorum (Chronicle of the Bohemians), which he prepared for the Monumenta Germaniae Historica, has remained unsurpassed. The reason why Bertold Bretholz has been forgotten can be found in the historical developments: post-war Czech-language historiography had no motivation to do research into a German historian from Moravia, as was the case with German historiography in other countries, for which Bretholz was only a foreign person of only provincial importance. To Sudeten German circles in Germany and Austria, a Jewish historian was not a suitable topic of research. This historical approach, which is logical from a long-term perspective, only serves to demonstrate the new perspective on the perception of nationality, religion, politics and culture after the Second World War and ultimately confirms Bretholz’s yearning for the old Austrian multinational world, for which there was no room in the post-war arrangement of the world.

Recent studies on signs: Commentary and perspectives

Recent studies on signs: Commentary and perspectives

Author(s): Ahti-Veikko Pietarinen / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2015

Keywords: Charles Peirce; object; interpretant; habit; teridentity; theory of signs; icon

In this commentary, I reply to the fourteen papers published in the Sign Systems Studies special issue on Peirce’s Theory of Signs, with a view on connecting some of their central themes and theses and in putting some of the key points in those papers into a wider perspective of Peirce’s logic and philosophy.

Count John Nepomuk Charles Krakowsky of Kolowrat through the Perspective of the Inventory of the Březnice Castle

Hrabě Jan Nepomuk Karel Krakovský z Kolovrat ve světle inventáře zámku Březnice z roku 1853

Author(s): Anna Fišerová / Language(s): Czech / Issue: 1/2018

Keywords: Inventory; castle Březnice; John Nepomuk Charles Krakowsky of Kolowrat; self-presentation strategies

The preserved inventory of the Březnice castle from 1853 represents an important sourceto gain new insights regarding the interior designs of this old aristocratic residence. Thefurnishings of the particular chambers and rooms were designed to fit their purpose andthe requirements of the nobility who used to live there. The representative rooms as wellas the private chambers of the residence owner, John Nepomuk Charles Krakowsky ofKolowrat, were furnished with furniture, decorations and every-day-life and other objectswhich, due to their costly processing and magnificent ornamentation, complied with theCounts´ social status. The furnishings reveal also a lot about his level of education, culturaloverview, leisure activities and personal preferences. The castle inventory also mirrors hisaspiration for self-presentation. This proves a wide range of luxurious, often upon requestmanufactured and accordingly ornamented vessels and pots that were equipped with hismonogram.We can learn more about the life of the nobility in the Březnice castle by exploringthe operational parts of the residence where the servants and the castle staff worked. Theinventory of the objects in the kitchen and storage rooms, accompanied by accounting recordsand cookbooks allows us to gain insights into the eating habits and taste preferencesof John Nepomuk Charles and his guests. The inventory of Březnice castle from 1853,and books that were kept in the local kitchen, prove that John Nepomuk Charles actuallyvisited and utilised the residence, even though his main country house and residence wasat that time the little castle Hradiště by Blovice. Březnice served therefore as a prestigiousrepresentative residence where he invited his noble companions and organised a vastrange of festivities.

A Church and a Castle.

A Church and a Castle

Author(s): Alessandra Becucci / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2016

Keywords: Self-representation; patronage; artistic patronage; nobility; Ottavio Piccolomini

In 1634, while trying to sell his castle in Náchod, duke Ottavio Piccolomini (1599–1656)started diverting his resources towards the foundation of the church of the Servite orderin Vienna. The Florentine origin of the order, the church’s closeness to the center of theHabsburg power and the involvement of other notable patrons in the establishment ofthe Servites in Vienna are some of the elements that made the church a more suitable investmentthan the castle for Piccolomini’s need of social and political representation. Thiscontribution analyses the symbolic capital conveyed by both buildings at different stagesin Piccolomini’s career as instrumental to his fashioning within the highly-competitiveViennese court society.

Using the water power in preindustrial Banat. A historical archaeology study on the Lower Timiș River

Using the water power in preindustrial Banat. A historical archaeology study on the Lower Timiș River

Author(s): Cristian Floca,Florin Gogâltan,Alexandru Hegyi,Patrick Chiroiu,Sorin Forțiu / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2021

Keywords: historical archaeology; river archaeology; watermills; Timiș River; dendrochronology;

One of the most important uses of water throughout history is its use as energy source. According to documents, the low plain area of the Banat, crossed by many rivers and streams was a watermills’ land for several centuries. The recent field research we have conducted confirms the high density of these structures in a segment of the lower Timiș, south of the Timișoara city, an almost unknown and endangered river heritage. A careful archaeological documenting of the situation on site contrasted with the analysis of dozens of historical maps and certain background data provided by history and dendrochronology, allowed us to outline a spatial and temporal picture of these hydraulic systems. We undertake this investigation as a small, first step of a resourceful research subdomain, necessary for the historical specificity of the Banat, namely river archaeology or riverscape archaeology as an integral part of historical archaeology.

China‘s soft power and the Balkans

China‘s soft power and the Balkans

Author(s): Žarko V. Obradović / Language(s): English,Serbian / Issue: 4/2021

Keywords: soft power of states;China;Balkan countries;Serbia;interstate cooperation;

The People‘s Republic of China, along with the United States and the Russian Federation, has become a great power in international affairs as a result of its significant economic expansion in recent decades, as well as the strengthening of its military force and pronounced political influence. What distinguishes China in the global order is its developing soft power, which profiles it as a desirable partner for cooperation. In other words, China is economically and politically “present” in every corner of the world, and in the last decade, more than ever before in the Balkans. China‘s relations with the Balkan countries are improving and becoming more substantial, and they are most developed with Serbia. The paper will explore the elements of China‘s “soft power” and how it is used in cooperation with the Balkan countries, as well as the reasons that set Serbia apart in cooperation with China in relation to other Balkan countries. An attempt will be made to answer the questions about the benefits of the Balkan countries‘ cooperation with China, why the US and the EU have a negative attitude towards China‘s cooperation with the Balkan countries, and whether such a relationship is motivated solely by economic reasons or other geopolitical interests.

A Study on The Determination of The Association Between Consumers’ Price Perceptions and Their Demographic Characteristics

A Study on The Determination of The Association Between Consumers’ Price Perceptions and Their Demographic Characteristics

Author(s): Aybike Tuba Özden / Language(s): English / Issue: 16/2021

Keywords: Price perception; occupation; demographic characteristics; consumer behaviour;

Price perception, which influences buying behaviour and product selection, is an important tool in companies’ strategies to be developed about the price of the product and in their success. The main purpose of this study is to find out the relationship between consumers’ occupations and the dimensions which constitute their price perception. For this purpose, a questionnaire was given to 579 consumers who were from 10 different occupations. In the analysis, independent samples t test was used to compare the consumers in terms of gender variable; while one-way ANOVA was used to compare the consumers in terms of the variables of monthly income, age, educational status and occupation. According to the results obtained, there is a significant relationship between consumers’ demographic characteristics and occupations and the dimensions of price perception. The present study is significant in terms of being the first and the most recent study in terms of the scope of the participants’ occupations, examination of the relationship between the dimensions creating price perception and the number of participants. In parallel with the results obtained in the study, various suggestions were developed to contribute to companies the target market of which is Turkey and to the related literature.

The Advent of Artificial Intelligence in Service and Production and its effect on Marketing

The Advent of Artificial Intelligence in Service and Production and its effect on Marketing

Author(s): Neviana Krasteva / Language(s): English / Issue: 11/2019

Keywords: marketing ; marketing mix; AI

The main point of this paper is to check and analyze how this advanced technology in the production and the services will influence our lives, from the point of view of the marketing the process where the goods or services move from being only concept to be actually provided to the customer. To determine how artificial intelligence is changing marketing today, we must explore various marketing methods, strategies and instruments available, which are enabled by artificial intelligence. The purpose is to give a brief look at how the entry of robotics, including artificial intelligence, machine learning, and advanced algorithms, in the sphere of both service and manufacturing will affect marketing and how it already does. This will be done by providing facts, definitions, data, personal opinion and conclusions.

Introduction. Planning and Building in Occupied Poland: The Architecture of National Socialism as a Multidisciplinary Research Field

Introduction. Planning and Building in Occupied Poland: The Architecture of National Socialism as a Multidisciplinary Research Field

Author(s): Annika Wienert / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2021

Keywords: German occupation of Poland; Architecture; Art; National Socialism; Holocaust; Memory Studies; Interdisciplinary Studies;

Research into the German occupation of Poland has in recent years benefited from a number of new methodological impulses. Different studies have converged on the topic with new questions and research perspectives. One approach, which has generated a quite lively discussion among researchers in Poland and Germany, looks at the architectural history of the occupation. In view of the immeasurable atrocities committed by the Germans in occupied Poland, a focus on architectural history might at first sight seem rather peripheral. Therefore, a few comments on the relationship between architecture and occupation policies seem apropos. That Poland had a special place in National Socialist ideology and policies is well known. The Second World War began with the German army’s invasion of the country on 1 September 1939, and from the very beginning, the occupation was plainly a colonization project. Stereotypes of “Polish economy,” anti-Slavic racism, and supposedly historically-based territorial claims to a region imagined as the “German East” all made essential (from the viewpoint of the German occupier) a setting in motion of a radical and broad reshaping of the region. The phantasm of a German Drang nach Osten serving the claimed need for Lebensraum was the underlying premiss in the various versions of the General Plan East (Generalplan Ost), which envisioned a complete Germanization of the annexed Polish territories and large parts of the General Government.

MEMORY ANCHORS IN DEMENTIA-FRIENDLY ARCHITECTURE AND THE LIMITS OF SPATIAL VERSATILITY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

ANCORE DE MEMORIE ÎN ARHITECTURA DEMENTIA-FRIENDLY ȘI LIMITELE VERSATILITĂȚII SPAȚIALE ÎN CONTEXTUL PANDEMIEI DE COVID-19

Author(s): Mihaela Zamfir (Grigorescu),Ileana Ciobanu,Andreea Georgiana Marin,Mihai Viorel Zamfir / Language(s): English,Romanian / Issue: 13/2021

Keywords: dementia-friendly architecture; memory anchor; spatial versatility; quality;

The current trend of population ageing leads to a significant increase in age-related conditions, including in the number of people with neurocognitive disorders (NCDs), with Alzheimer’s disease being one of the best known causes of NCDs. In this context, dementia-friendly architecture(DFA)/for people with NCDs is being discussed. The current COVID-19 pandemic brings new challenges in caring for people with NCDs, in maintaining an optimal quality of life and reasonable well-being, challenges to which architecture can respond through specific architectural tools.

Phenomenological Research On Guest Couchsurfing Experience

Badania fenomenologiczne doświadczeń osób korzystających z couchsurfingu

Author(s): Halil İbrahim KARAKAN,Kemal Birdir,Aliye Akin,Adnan Akin / Language(s): English,Polish / Issue: 2/2021

Keywords: couchsurfing; tourism; accommodation; travel; sharing economy

Couchsurfing (CS) is now regarded as an alternative platform that reflects changes in tourist accommodation preferences. The CS platform, based on the sharing economy, offers an opportunity to give various tourist experiences to travelers, as well as accommodation. This study aims to provide information about the travel motivations, prejudices, risk perceptions and experiences of CS guests. It has original value for the relevant literature, as it delves deeply into CS guests using a phenomenological approach. The present results show that the desire to sightsee new places, meet new people and recognize different cultures has motivated the participants. The study found that although most of the participants did not have prejudices or risk perceptions, CS first timers did. It has also been observed that participants are highly satisfied with their CS experiences and intend to take part in CS activities again.

The House of Aion in Nea Paphos: seat of an artistic synodos?

The House of Aion in Nea Paphos: seat of an artistic synodos?

Author(s): Elżbieta Jastrzębowska / Language(s): English / Issue: XXX/2021

Keywords: triclinium; mosaics; paintings; Dionysus; Apollo; Muses; theater; associations;

The article presents some archaeological observations based on recent publications and the author’s survey in situ of the so-called “House of Aion” at Nea Paphos in Cyprus. The archaeological context (coins and pottery) dates the last phase of this building to the 320s, its partial destruction to the earthquake of 332/342, and its final annihilation by another quake to 365. The much-discussed mosaic with mythological decoration in the triclinium and the newly analyzed wall paintings in one of the rooms (No. 7), preserving the figures of Apollo and three of the Muses, are typical decorative elements of late antique Roman elite houses. And yet, the layout of the building, the triclinium located at the entrance to the house, and the presence of two rooms with a wooden floor, laid over an earlier water cistern converted into a cellar, possibly a treasury, suggest that the function of the complex was not residential at all. Indeed, the close proximity of the “Villa of Theseus”, which was rebuilt in the same period and converted into the praetorium of the governor of the island in the first half of the 4th century, suggests that the so-called “House of Aion” could have been the seat of a Roman association, probably a synodos of Dionysiac artists (ex-technitai) who presented themselves in the theater of Paphos. Therefore, it would be better to call this building the Synodeion of late Roman Cyprus.

Material, matter, meaning

Materiał, materia, sens

Author(s): Maciej Zychowicz / Language(s): English,Polish / Issue: 14/2021

Turning Crisis into Opportunity: Unfolding Ukraine’s Trade Potential with the Canada-Ukraine Free Trade Agreement

Turning Crisis into Opportunity: Unfolding Ukraine’s Trade Potential with the Canada-Ukraine Free Trade Agreement

Author(s): Iryna Bogdanova / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2021

Keywords: Ukraine; Canada; trade; CUFTA; technical assistance

To offset the devastating effects of the trade war waged by the Russian Federation, Ukraine has undertaken laudable efforts since 2014 to negotiate new trade agreements with other states. Against this background, the negotiations of the Canada-Ukraine Free Trade Agreement were finalized and the agreement came into force on 1 August 2017. This article explores the positive impact of this agreement on bilateral trade flow between the states and describes its potential contribution to unfolding Ukraine’s trade potential.

Analysis of the impact of the crisis caused by Covid-19 in the intercultural environment with reference to economic factors

Analiza wpływu kryzysu spowodowanego COVID-19 w środowisku międzykulturowym z odniesieniem do czynników ekonomicznych

Author(s): Željka Kadlec,Marija Žunić,Marijana Lovrenović / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2021

Keywords: economic factors; interculturalism; Covid-19 pandemic

The purpose of this paper was to determine how much the crisis caused by the Covid-19 pandemic affected economic factors globally in the intercultural environment. The subject of the research refers to the analysis of the impact of the crisis on economic factors (foreign trade, GDP, GNP) of selected countries (Italy, Germany, Russia, China, and Croatia). In addition, special attention was given to the intercultural characteristics of the observed countries (intercultural communication, intercultural competence, intercultural sensitivity and intercultural conflicts). The content analysis as a qualitative method examined publicly available official documents related to the factors and characteristics observed. The contribution of the paper refers to the analysis of the situation of the observed countries by connecting the key elements needed for further action.

The Economic Development of Stara Zagora and the District (1918–1923)

Стопанско развитие на Стара Загора и околията (1918–1923)

Author(s): Evgenia I. Ivanova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1-2/2000

The economic development of Stara Zagora and its district for overcoming the wartime crisis and during the administration of the Agrarian Government – 1918–1923, is examined. Agriculture held a leading position, gradually overcoming the crisis and by 1923 reaching and exceeding the pre-war indices. Grain corps had a priority but an expanding area was occupied also by the oil and industrial crops. In the field of the economy the number of newly registered firms increased, and new productions started work – of gypsum and chemical dyes, of metal furniture, industrial vegetable-oil refineries and the food canning industry. No foreign capitals were invested. Local industrialists preferred to work on their own and did not join the big; cartels. They traded only in this country. Stability was achieved in trade, banking and transport. In the town operated nine credit institutions which financially assisted local producers. The co-operatives, thanks to the policy of the Government, consolidated financially, increased their membership and occupied ever more important positions in economic life.

UPGRADE IN THE PUBLIC SPACE. THE RESPONSE OF ARCHITECTURE TO THE COMMUNITY ISSUES

UPGRADE VIS-A-VIS DE SPAȚIUL PUBLIC AZI – CONSIDERAȚII PRIVIND RĂSPUNSUL ARHITECTURII LA PROBLEMELE COMUNITĂȚII

Author(s): Mihai Grigorescu / Language(s): English,Romanian / Issue: 4/2012

Keywords: public space; private space; intermediary space; “nonfinite” conceived space; community; communication; participation; experimentation;

Public space issue is debated by specialists of various fields, constitutes a perfect theme of an interdisciplinary approach. Architects, together with philosophers, sociologists and psychologists contribute to this demarche, coming from the contemporary society’s demands, in order to formulate a pertinent answer. What does the contemporary society mean? What is the society’s demand and what is the answer that architecture could give? What is the cause of appearance of new fields of activity and of permanently updating of others? Will be debated three concepts considered to be important: COMMUNICATION – PARTICIPATION – EXPERIMENTATION It will be checked the validity of each vis-à-vis to contemporary situation. A plausible answer of architecture could be “the non-finite space conceiving” related to the community problems. What does community mean? What is the connection between individual and community how to strengthen these links? How the individual can be pull out of inertia from the architectural point of view?