![Medals of "Honour and Integrity"](/api/image/getissuecoverimage?id=picture_2011_2747.jpg)
Medals of "Honour and Integrity"
Medalje "časti i poštenja"
Keywords: Serbia; Serbian Military
More...Keywords: Serbia; Serbian Military
More...Les fouilles archéologiques récemment effectuées sur la colline Tirighina de Bărboşi ont fourni des éléments très utiles pour la connaissance des étapes de la construction du castellum romaine et ont augmenté le nombre et les variétés des objets déjà connues. Dans la tour du coin du sud-est de castellum, à 1,00 m de profondeur, on a découvert des fragments céramiques décorés en relief, qui appartiennent très pro¬bablement à un médaillon d'applique et non à un kylix ou une patère. Le diamètre maximum actuel du médaillon est de 11,20 cm et il semble qu'à l'origine il été de 18 cm. La scène représente la divinité Sol dans un quadrige tenant dans une main le globe terrestre et dans l'autre la lance. La manière artistique de la présentation de la divinité et le complexe arché¬ologique dans lequel il a été trouvé date le médaillon dans la deuxième moitié du IIIe siècle de notre ère. Les autres sept formes, l'estampille et le médaillon fragmentaire que nous ve¬nons de présenter, ont été trouvées dans un tombeau d'inhumation dans la nécro¬pole située sur le côté d'ouest du castrum. Les monnaies trouvées jusqu'à présent da¬tent de la période comprise entre Antoninus Pius et Septimius Severus. 1. La première parmi les plaquettes à dimensions de 13,10 x 10,87 x 2,09 cm, représente un combat de gladiateurs. Sur la plaquette de Barboşi est représenté un combat entre un gladiateur thrac et un samnite -oplomachus. 2. Moule miniature (8,00 x 4,3 x 1,1 cm) pour la masque comique d'esclave de type "leading slave". 3. Moule à dimensions de: 10,70 x 7,3 x 1,1 cm, qui représente un personnage à corps humaine et a tête d'âne. On a discuté les significations possibles qui peuvent être attribuées à la représentation: divinité égyptienne (Seth-Typbon); caricature antichrétienne ou antisémite; représentation de la mythologie phrygienne apportée par les soldats de la Legio V Mac. de leur pays d'origine; caricature avec intention satirique com¬mun du type de la caricature alexandrine: "Le maître et ses élèves". 4. Moule pour les statuettes avec une seule face, à dimensions de 12,40 x 5,16 x 1,58 cm. D'après la position du corps et des bras, la figurine pouvait représenter une Venus Anadyomène. Le fait que la main droite est au dessous de la tête, nous oblige à mentionner qu'elle pouvait être une menade dansant ou une figurine funéraire („Totenernahrerin"). 5. Timbre pour estampille ayant représenté sur la base une bovidé, à dimen¬sions: hauteur de 6,3 cm, grosseur de 2,9 cm. 6. Moule pour protomes de femmes, à dimensions de 7,70 cm. La manque de la bouche peut être considéré aussi comme une omission intentionnée. La coiffure de la protome est caractéristique pour la fin du II-e siècle. 7—8. Deux moules qui représentent des raisins et de motifs ondulés que nous le retrouvons aussi sur la céramique de Barboşi. 9. Fragment de médaillon, au diamètre maximum actuel de 14,40 cm qui semble représenter une scène de course de quadriges au cirque et non une scène de ba
More...Keywords: Theatre; Michał Borczuch; Swietłana Aleksijewicz; Review
A review of the play War Has Nothing Feminine about It based on reportage by Svetlana Alexyevich, which Michał Borczuch directed for the Düsseldorfer Schauspielhaus (premiere: 21.12.2012). Felbeck notes that this play, presenting the experiences of women fighting in the Red Army, serves as a pretext for discussing the everyday reality of war as recalled by women. Borczuch introduces a woman into the play who transforms from the alter ego of the author to a therapist. The script bypasses the most graphic fragments of the novel, preferring to focus on "the process by which recollections are uncovered after decades of silence.”
More...German athletes came first in the medal tally of the Summer Olympic Games only once, in 1936 in Berlin. However, the team of the FRG, GDR or Germany came first in the medal tally of the Winter Games five times. In the all-time tally German athletes hold the third position, overtaken only by teams from the USA and Russia (USSR). This shows that for over a century Germany has played a leading role in the Olympic Games and is a sport power.
More...Keywords: Pioneer’s Organisation; Socialist Republic of Romania; pioneer’s insignia; exonumia/phaleristics
Comparing the variety and number of insignias issued by the Pioneer’s Organisation to that of the items that present certain flows and errors, it does not exceed the percentage of the defective items issued in other fields. Most errors come from the period after 1966 as a result of an increase in the number and types of insignias produced. Regarding the flaws identified, some were the result of problems that appeared in the production process, while others are more difficult to explain. In the case of insignias covered in this article we do not consider them to be fakes, but just errors. Forgery hypothesis is rejected for several reasons. First they date from the communist period, when pioneer’s insignias had no value as collection items or per se. The hypothesis of them being produced at a later date is also rejected since a large part of the pieces presented are common ones (e.g. „Little tourist”, „Sanitary pioneer,” „Pioneer’s Merit”), so that counterfeiting them would be financially profitable. Finally, we believe that there are not enough people interested in buying flowed insignias. The errors encountered were classified in three categories “color errors”, “text errors” and “mint errors”. The errors of color include the items with one or more obviously wrong color that are not intended to represent a different variety of the basic insignia. This category also includes insignias produced exclusively with wrong colors, the commonest being the substitution of dark blue with very dark green to represent the blue in the Romanian flag or in the case of badges that regulations clearly stipulated that should be blue. A subsection is dedicated to color variations that are very common in pioneer’s insignia.The second category includes insignias whose text was misspelled. The section dedicated to mint errors includes both items with flaws in terms of shape and appearance, and those who have suffered as a result of accidents or omissions during the production process. This includes badges that completely lack color in some areas. We will also deal here with the locally issued insignias that although complying with the color schemes and overall pattern have a different appearance compared to the official ones.
More...Keywords: Heinrich Heine Society; Dževad Karahasan;
Najprije jedno priznanje: ja sam prilično nesretna priroda, jer ne uspijevam izići na kraj sa svojim proturječjima. Volim, naprimjer, prosvjetiteljstvo ili racionalizam, a isto toliko volim romantizam, upravo kao pobunu protiv diktature racionaliteta. I danas je za mene stvarno dobra književnost ona koja u sebi spaja humor i mudrost, distancu i razumijevanje, dakle D. Diderota i G. E. Lessinga, dvojicu prosvjetitelja koje uvijek iznova čitam. Istovremeno su mi i književnost i svijet nezamislivi bez H. von Kleista, E.T.A. Hoffmanna, G. Buchnera, trojice autora koji jasno pokazuju da je između neba i zemlje najmanje važno ono što racionalno možemo saznati.
More...Keywords: masonic; medals; seal
The authors present a few pieces from the collection of dr. Alexandre Bogdan Viţelaru, who wanted to be published in the pages of the directory of our museum, but, unfortunately, he also did not transmit the technical dates. Here are the documents: 1. Commemorative Medal, Instalarea Lojii "Echerul şi Compasul" (Installation of the Lodge "The Triangle and Compass") in Timişoara, 1999. The Lodge is under the obedience of the Grand National Lodge of Romania, andand founded by 17 brothers "swarmed" from the Lodges "Dale Woodward" and "Millenium" of Bucharest. 2. Commemorative Medal, Instalarea Lojii "Sfântul Gheorghe" din Giurgiu, 2001, formed after the "swarming" of 14 brothers from various other lodges. 3. Commemorative medal, Înfrăţirea Lojii "Renaşterea" din Târgu_Mureş cu Loja "Hashashar" din Tel Aviv, 2001 (The Brotherhood of the Lodge "The Renaissance" of Tg. Mureş with the "Hashashar" Lodge of Tel Aviv); It was received from Fr∴ / Florin Harvath / (Fr∴Radu B.). 4. Commemorative Medal, Aniversarea a 125 de ani de la fondarea Marii Loji Naţionale din România, 1880 -2005 (The anniversary of the 125 years since the foundation of the National Lodge of Romania). M∴L∴N∴R (The Romanian National Lodge) is the only Regular and Recognized Masonic Force on Romanian territory
More...Keywords: Romanian General Exhibition; Carol Park; medals
The article presents an aspect related to the events occasioned by the celebration of the jubilee year 1906, namely the medals beaten to commemorate the Romanian General Exhibition organized in Carol Park on this occasion. Only the medals dedicated to commemorating the Exhibition, not the Jubilee, are the official pieces created by consecrated engravers (Menachem Carniol Fiul, Theodor Radivon, Carol and Friedrich Storck, Saraga, Tony Szirmai) whose creations are among the most valuable Romanian medalist pieces . The first piece presented is the medal of the participant at the Romanian General Exhibition, Menachem Carniol Fiul, 62 mm, issued from gold, silver, bronze, silver and gold, which presents an allegory on the reverse, depicting a peasant spinning behind the perspective of the Exhibition and around 12 badge badges with counties
More...Keywords: commemorative medals; Stefan cel Mare; Grigore Tocilescu
In 1904 we have celebrated 400 years since the death of Stephen the Great, Event that gave the opportunity for the striking of a large number of medals With the portrait of the prince. The Romanian Numismatic SocieteOfficial medal executed by the "Wilhelm & Mayer" House in Stuttgart,The drawings of Professor Grigore Tocilescu. In Roumanie, severalengravers renamed hit medals, most popular: Radivon andCarniol in Bucharest, Şternberg in Iassy, Balmberger in Nurenberg
More...Keywords: Carol I; medals; C. Moisil; Romanian dynasty
This study constitutes an absolute novelty in the research dedicated to the art of the Romanian medal. He proposes to make available to historians and art historians a significant and fully illustrated selection of medals and plaques bearing the effigies of the founder of the Romanian dynasty - Charles I of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (1866-1914) ). Although the systematic study of Romanian medals dates back only to the end of the nineteenth century and to the first years of the twentieth century, we do not yet have a complete catalog, which includes both the description of the parts and the technical data And the complete illustration of each type and its variants. By tackling the theme of the princely and royal effigies of Charles I in the art of the medal the authors engaged in a business that was both difficult and fascinating. With the exception of three partial studies of the only period of Charles I - that of C. Moisil, of 1939, and those of Carmen Tănăsoiu, the theme of the royal portrait has not been studied at share. To fill this gap, the authors had to examine an impressive number of numismatic documents kept in the most important public and private collections
More...Keywords: Vaslui badges; medals; collections; National History Museum
he pieces, not signed, are worked by the same engraver, perhaps from Moldova (de laşi The Saraga Brothers by The Bookstores "The Authors of Romania" and "Moldova" N. Sternberg in his studio ofLithography and engraving where de Bârlad - La Librairie de Petroff), may beBucharest (the workshop of Radivon and Carapati).The insignia are also the works of the same engraver, the one who also worked the medals, or to another. In regards toThe badge of the Cercle des chasseurs de Bârlad, this one is, probably,The work of the House Huguenin Frères de Le Lôcle, Switzerland.The author assumes that, as a result of certain elements specific, the companies of the craftsmen presented were mass societies (makes exception "The Society of the hunters" of Vaslui).
More...Keywords: Medale; ikonografia; Maria Kazimiera; Jan III Sobieski; Pomorze Gdańskie.
Autor artykułu opisał trzynaście przykładów dzieł sztuki (malarstwa, grafiki, rzeźby, medalierstwa, numizmatyki, kartografii) mających związek z medalem i żetonem gloryfi-kującym postać małżonki Jana III Sobieskiego. Jak przekonuje autor większość wyobra-żeń artystycznych, które zostały przez medaliera włączone do kompozycji artystycznej w mniejszym lub większym stopniu nawiązuje do wcześniejszych wzorów graficznych i medalierskich. W przypadku rewersu żetonu Marii Kazimiery można mówić o inspira-cjach zarówno przedstawieniami na monetach antycznych (denar z ok. 71 r. p.n.e.) i póź-niejszych numizmatach (medal z 1670 roku) jak i rycinami publikowanymi w zbiorze Jacoba Typotiusa (emblemat Rudolfa II Habsburga) i kompozycjami wykonanymi w technice fresku (podobizna Diany na rydwanie z wnętrza klasztoru katolickiego św. Pawła w Parmie). Pierwsza strona kolejnego medalu królewskiej małżonki powstała natomiast w oparciu o wcześniejszą rycinę portretową Marii Kazimiery, wykonaną w XVII wieku w warsztacie Francesca Leone. Natomiast rewers zawierający wyobrażenie Junony prze-mieszczającej się na rydwanie w kierunku słońca oraz podobiznę Gdańska i jego najbliż-szych okolic nawiązuje do współczesnych przedstawień kartograficznych, w oparciu o które Jan Höhn (Hoehn) st. zaprojektował w 1654 roku medal będący jak się wydaje podstawą dla późniejszej pracy jego syna, Jana Höhna (Hoehna).
More...Keywords: medal; obverse; reverse; August II Wettin; coronation
The author describes sixteen examples of works of medal-making, painting, graphic and sculptural art related to the title medals. As the author shows, the aim of the medals described in the article was to justify the rights of the former Saxon elector to the Polish throne. The recipient, after even a cursory glance With the presented medal material, he could prove himself convinced of the excellent origin of August II and his ancestors (e.g. the medal, dated 1697 and signed on the obverse: C. W. [Christian Wermuth?]), the numerous qualities of the reigning Hercules (e.g. the medal by Georg Hautsch from 1697) or the heraldic connections between the Wettyn coat of arms and official emblems of the Crown and Lithuania (e.g. an unsigned medal from 1697). The author also distinguished and analysed in detail medals of heraldic, mythological-alegoric, emblematic and genealogical character. He also explained the reasons why in the preserved medallic legacy of Augustus II the medals on which the Saxon ruler was perpetuated prevailed in Western European costume, and not – as in the case of medal-making works carried out at the order of the Sobieski royal court – in the dress modelled on antiquity.
More...Keywords: iconography; male-gendered iconography; female-gendered iconography; female allegorical representation
An important feature of 18th-century Russian History was the advent of female rule, after the death of Peter the Great in 1725. Beginning from the reign of Empress Anne (1730–1740) female figures became prominent in the coronation medals of the empresses which could not be accidental: they clearly served, in my view, to legitimize the given woman on the throne. This phenomenon marked an important shift in the gender of the iconography of power. The 17th-century “Christo-centric”, i.e. male-gendered iconography had to be replaced with a new, female-gendered iconography corresponding to reality. Neutral (in the sense of gender) visual representations of divine right, namely through rays radiating from a cloud or a triangle (with or without the all-seeing eye) of course remained crucial. At the same time, divine will had to be personified in a way that made possible to associate it with the gender of the reigning monarch. This task was accomplished mostly by the female allegorical representation of Divine Providence.
More...Keywords: Romania; Bacău; middle ages; medals;
Les auteurs font une breve presentation des quelques documents des archives coroborees aux resultants des recherches archoologiques concemant le developpement de la viile de Bacău pendant le Moyen Âge. Ils present quelques medailles qui faut reference ă la premiere attestation documentaire de la viile de Bacău (6 octobre 1408), ainsi qu'ă la foundation de l'eglise de "Precista" ( 1er janvier 1491), monument historique de l'epoque d'Etienne le Grand.
More...Keywords: obverse; reverse; Sobieski; Fortuna
The article titled Jan III Sobieski’s Posthumous Medals analyzes in detail three medals issued following the death of Jan III Sobieski (June 17, 1696). As the author argues, the holders of the medals, also those issued at the order of August II Wettin, commanded that the medalist subordinates respect the deceased ruler and propagate his achievements. At the same time, however, their intentions were to present themselves in the best light. As the investigation revealed, prior to the work, the creators of the medals gathered inspiration from previous graphic representations. Nevertheless, in the case of the first described medal, it is worthy remembering that the motif of the personification of Fortuna located on the reverse side of the medal was so widespread in the 17th-century iconography that no modern historian is able to identify the original source of inspiration. The front side of the medal, being a reflection of well-known patterns definitely does not inform us about anything innovative regarding the iconography of the period of interest. Quite a different situation takes place in the case of the second of medals, issued between 1696 and 1697 by an anonymous medalist. Preserved on its obverse and reverse side are visions of two electors’ swords symbolizing the constellation Enes Electorales Saxonici and the solemn coronation of August II Wett in taking place within the walls of the Wawel cathedral (September 15, 1697). Despite the fact that they were most certainly disseminated by the holders through other earlier works of art (e.g. graphics), only a few instances of varying sorts have been preserved up to this day to be found.
More...Keywords: obverse; reverse; Wettin; engraving;
In the course of preliminary research, the author managed to locate most of the engravings by artists associated with the Dresden court: Oluf Wif, Johann August Corvinus and Carl Heinrich Jacob Fehling, whose work drew thematically on the reverses of the medals which commemorated the Festival of the Planets in Dresden. These finds are the main subject of interest in this paper. The compositional relationship between medallic art and engraving is, in most cases, indisputable. It should be noted, however, that the medallist, having to reproduce a much larger engraving on a medal disc, was compelled to reduce many details that the engraver had so meticulously captured. Nevertheless, the inspiration with the engraving yielded works which are unique and extraordinary in terms of expression and content.
More...Keywords: obverse; reverse; August II Wettyn
The author describes in detail a number of examples of medallic, graphic and artistic works associated with the medals of August II Wettyn. The most important goal of the creators of these medals was to popularize the figure of the deceased ruler – August II Wettyn – in commemoration of whom the medals were made. The main purpose of the research work was to demonstrate the relationship between the described monuments of art.
More...Keywords: Obverse; reverse; emblem; engraving; Wiśniowiecki;
The author of this article discusses a series of works of art which include medals, portrait engravings, paintings and emblems. In addition to a detailed analysis of Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki’s medallic legacy, the aim of this study was to find and describe those works of art that a medallist might have had contact with when undertaking commission from the king or his immediate circle. Identification of direct sources of inspiration for artists working in the 17th century, offers an answer the question of how Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki promoted his own undisputed political or military achievements.
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