![Chronological History of Bulgaria](/api/image/getgrayliteraturecoverimage?id=document_cover-page-image_722603.jpg)
Chronological History of Bulgaria
Histoire Chronologique de la Bulgarie
Keywords: History of Bulgaria;
More...Keywords: History of Bulgaria;
More...Keywords: North Macedonia; international relations; diplomacy; EU integration; OSCE; Western Balkans Summit;
More...Keywords: Dayton Agreement; ethnic cleansing; UN and Kosovo; High Representative in Kosovo; European Union and Kosovo; 1999 NATO Intervention;
The editorial deadline for this documentation was 9 March 1998--the day the Contact Group on Bosnia-Herzegovina emerged as the main international forum to deal with the Kosovo problem in its »new” and much more pressing form. The term Kosovo refers to the administrative unit in the South-western corner of the Republic of Serbia within the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) – a territory of 10,887 square kilometres called Kosova or Kosova dhe Rrafshi i Dukagjinit in Albanian and Kosovo or Kosovo-Metohija (abbreviated Kosmet) in Serbian. The author is indebted to colleagues in three institutions and networks dealing with the Kosovo conflict he has been or is part of: (1) The »International Commission on the Balkans,” founded in 1995 by the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and the Aspen Institute Berlin; (2) a group of contributors to a »Kosovo Policy Study” in the framework of the Conflict Prevention Network of Directorate General 1A of the European Commission at Brussels set up in 1997; and (3), a group of intellectuals from Prishtina and Belgrade as well as external experts brought together for the first time in 1996 by the Bertelsmann Science Foundation and the Research Group on European Affairs at the Centre for Applied Politics of the Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich. Farimah Daftary, Kinga Gál, Priit Järve, and William McKinney of ECMI have been supportive—and creative--in searching for documents and materials
More...Keywords: antiquity; lighting; lamps; Egypt; Middle East
The Bouvier Collection presents a corpus of almost 800 clay oil lamps from Egypt and the Near East, collected by the Swiss Maurice Bouvier in Alexandria in the first half of the 20th century. Far from collections reflecting their owner’s aesthetic taste or iconographic predilection, the series of lamps published in this volume builds a true panoply of almost all the typologies attested in Egypt from the Phoenician period to the Mamluk sultanate, with a large appendix on Near Eastern types, acquired during trips to Lebanon and Syria. This Swiss collection today is second only to the holdings of the Benaki Museum in Athens. The volume is a milestone of Egyptian, Syrian and Lebanese lychnological studies. The presentation of the material offers in effect a long awaited synthesis of a field that is both difficult and still understudied. The corpus of lamps in the catalog covers all the major historical periods, bringing to the fore many local specificities of Egypt and the Near East, from Phoenician times through the Mamluk period. Complementing the catalog are reviews of the producer’s marks on the bases of the lamps and of the iconographic motifs decorating the discuses of Roman lamps. These will be a ready aid for studies of the actual lamps, both produced locally in Egypt and imports, as well as of the dissemination of decorative motifs. This synthetic and diachronic approach is illustrated by a set of exceptional photographs taken by the collector’s grandson, Marc Bouvier. Students of this category of objects from Egypt and the Near East are also given an exhaustive bibliography on the subject collected by the author, an expert lychnologist, who has dedicated the past twenty years to research on lighting devices and ancient oil lamps in particular. He has given voice to his interests, including the anthropological, social, religious and macro-economic aspects of lighting in antiquity, in an extensive introduction preceding the catalog. The volume is prefaced by Tomasz Waliszewski and introduced by Jolanta Młynarczyk.
More...Keywords: medieval history; church history; Christianity in the Middle Ages; religious culture; Poland during the Piast dynasty
In the article an analysis has been conducted of the cult of St Peter the Apostle in the early-Piast state and of the relation of the Piast monarchy to the Holy See. The discussed analysis was carried out against the background of other selected early medieval political organisms located in Central Europe. These include, above all, Bohemia and Great Moravia, as well as other Slavic states of the second half of the 9th century, such as Croatia, Serbia or Bulgaria. Among the discussed-in-detail source materials, which indicate the importance of the cult of the Prince of the Apostles for the Piasts, particular significance has been ascribed to Dagome iudex. The author claims that subordinating the Piast state to St Peter by Mieszko I and his family constitutes an analogy for seeking the protection of St Peter for oneself and for one’s peoples by rulers in power in the second half of the 9th century in Slavic lands. This is why, according to the author, it should be recognized that the donation described in Dagome iudex mainly served the purposes of the Church, that is, obtaining Holy See’s support in stabilizing and developing Church structures in the territory of the Piast state. In the author’s opinion, the joint interpretation of the discussed manifestations of St Peter’s cult allows to prove the thesis that the cult of the Prince of the Apostles was important for the Piasts, as it determined the specific features of the politico-religious ideology of the Polish monarchy in Central European context.
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