Keywords: privatization;
This report presents data and analysis of the results of three studies related to mass privatization in Bulgaria. The research was conducted in July 1997 and is part of the long-term strategy of the Center for the Study of Democracy to engage with the problems of the economic reforms in our country.
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The existing legal and institutional framework and available technical facilities in the Bulgarian capital markets do not work very efficiently towards supporting a fully developed securities market. The necessary legislation, institutions and technical facilities must be put in place, so that, over time, a market will develop which will be able to absorb the volumes normal for a country of the size of Bulgaria and, potentially, international trades. The following discussion presents specific issues that need to be addressed, so that said purposes could be met.
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Changes in recent years have placed the international business in a new economic environment. Despite the serious economic, financial and structural difficulties, Bulgaria has the potential for privatization, modernization of production and rapid economic growth, as it has never before.Bulgaria began reforms with a huge external debt inherited from the communist regime. Following the moratorium on foreign debt payments of March 29, 1990, negotiations with commercial creditor banks took place over three years. In June 1994 a debt reduction and servicing agreement was signed. It contains a special clause on the exchange of certain instruments against property provided that Bulgaria adopts a debt exchange program.
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In April 1994, the Center for the Study of Democracy conducted a sociological study on "The Efficiency of Western Consulting Firms Working for Eastern European Companies". The project is funded by the EU with the coordinator Prof. Gabor Havani from the Industrial Economics Research Institute - Budapest. The countries of Hungary, Poland, the Czech Republic, Lithuania and Bulgaria take part. Experts from England and Ireland also participate in the study. The aim of the survey is to establish how much of the Bulgarian companies and enterprises conclude contracts with Bulgarian and Western consultancy firms, what is the subject of the consultation and what are the results for the consulting firm.
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After Bulgaria joins the EU in 2007 the country will receive access to the Structural Funds (SF) and the Cohesion Fund of the European Union (EU), which are the main instruments for reducing the economic and social disparities within the Union. The effective management of these proceeds entails good knowledge of the EU Funds’ requirements and thorough preparation at national, regional and local levels both by the public and private sectors, including the small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). In 2000 in Lisbon, the European Commission and the EU Member States agreed upon the ambitious goal that by 2010 the European Union would have to become the most dynamic knowledge-based economy in the world . The instruments and mechanisms to achieve this goal have been outlined in the Lisbon Strategy of the EU. In 2005, an interim review on the progress of the Lisbon Strategy was done, based on which it was concluded that the Union was falling behind in some of its basic parameters, and that the gap between the EU and the leading innovative world economies of the United States and Japan was broadening.
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After Bulgaria joins the EU in 2007 the country will receive access to the Structural Funds (SF) and the Cohesion Fund of the European Union (EU), which are the main instruments for reducing the economic and social disparities within the Union. The effective management of these proceeds entails good knowledge of the EU Funds’ requirements and thorough preparation at national, regional and local levels both by the public and private sectors, including the small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). In 2000 in Lisbon, the European Commission and the EU Member States agreed upon the ambitious goal that by 2010 the European Union would have to become the most dynamic knowledge-based economy in the world . The instruments and mechanisms to achieve this goal have been outlined in the Lisbon Strategy of the EU. In 2005, an interim review on the progress of the Lisbon Strategy was done, based on which it was concluded that the Union was falling behind in some of its basic parameters, and that the gap between the EU and the leading innovative world economies of the United States and Japan was broadening.
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Between February 24 and March 24, 2003 the sociological agency Vitosha Research conducted a survey on corruption among the representatives of business organizations in Bulgaria. Representatives of 447 companies and organizations in the country were interviewed employing the method of personal standardized interview.
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The current document presents the methodology for calculation of the Hidden Economy Indexes in Bulgaria among the population and the business, as well as the results of the surveys for the period 2002-2015. Hidden economy surveys in Bulgaria have been carried out by the Center for the Study of Democracy and the market and social research agency Vitosha Research since 2002. Based on data from these surveys, a system of synthetic measurements in the form of composite indices for assessment of the hidden economy was developed. The reason for choosing these particular indicators was to reduce the multiple aspects of the hidden economy phenomenon to a manageable number of illustrative and easy to interpret the indices. The survey questions and sub-indexes, which form the Business Hidden Economy Index and the Index of the Hidden Economic Activity of the Population, are presented in the document. The authors underline the difference between the terms official economy (legal and reported), informal economy (legal, yet unreported), illegal (black) economy (illegal and unreported) and undeclared (gray) economy (legal, formally registered, yet unreported). The last three form the composite term hidden economy.
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The current document presents the methodology for calculation of the Hidden Economy Indexes in Bulgaria among the population and the business, as well as the results of the surveys for the period 2002-2015. Hidden economy surveys in Bulgaria have been carried out by the Center for the Study of Democracy and the market and social research agency Vitosha Research since 2002. Based on data from these surveys, a system of synthetic measurements in the form of composite indices for assessment of the hidden economy was developed. The reason for choosing these particular indicators was to reduce the multiple aspects of the hidden economy phenomenon to a manageable number of illustrative and easy to interpret the indices. The survey questions and sub-indexes, which form the Business Hidden Economy Index and the Index of the Hidden Economic Activity of the Population, are presented in the document. The authors underline the difference between the terms official economy (legal and reported), informal economy (legal, yet unreported), illegal (black) economy (illegal and unreported) and undeclared (gray) economy (legal, formally registered, yet unreported). The last three form the composite term hidden economy.
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Since the beginning of 1991 Bulgaria has been living through a period of transition from centralized totalitarian control to free market economy. Year 1990 can be said to mark the political liberation of the people with the adoption of the new Constitution. The economic liberalization, however, is a reality yet to be brought to life since private ownership is not prevalent in the economy. The prime aim of the transition is to substitute an absurd and inefficient economic system for a new one to rely on the free initiative, private ownership and competition.
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The main objective of the IT monitoring conducted by Vitosha Research is to collect and analyze systematic information of the use of PCs and the Internet by the Bulgarian population. IT monitoring findings are based on data from national representative surveys administered by Vitosha Research in the period 2000-2002. The data collection method is face-to-face interview. All of the surveys are based on a random two-stage cluster sample representative of the Bulgarian adult population (18+).
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The main objective of the IT monitoring conducted by Vitosha Research is to observe periodically and in a systemic way the distribution and use of PCs and Internet by Bulgarians.
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This week Eurofound launches the field work of the third edition of European Company Survey across 32 countries. The sociological and marketing arm of the Center for the Study of Democracy - Vitosha Research will conduct the survey in Bulgaria.
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Vitosha Research conducted a research of the "hidden" economy among the business sector which encompasses 530 companies throughout the country. The fieldwork was carried out during the period November 25 - December 02, 2002. The survey method is personal standard interview.
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In the period March 30 - April 20, 2004, Vitosha Research conducted a survey of the "hidden economy" in the business sector, covering 478 companies from across the country. The survey employed the method of the face-to-face interview.
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The survey of the business sector conducted in the month November 2003, covered 421 companies from accross the country. The survey employed the method of the face-to-face interview.
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In the period January 23 - February 02, 2003, Vitosha Research conducted a national representative survey of the "hidden economy" in the country, covering 1107 respondents aged 18 and over. The survey employed the method of the face-to-face interview.
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In the period March 1 - 16, 2004, Vitosha Research conducted a national representative survey of the "hidden economy" in the country, covering 1080 respondents aged 18 and over. The survey employed the method of the face-to-face interview.
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In the period November 18-29, 2004, Vitosha Research conducted a national representative survey of the "hidden economy" in the country, covering 959 respondents aged 18 and over. The survey employed the method of the face-to-face interview.
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The main goal of the research project outlined in the present paper is to initiate systematic monitoring of the size and dynamics of the hidden economy in Bulgaria (HEM). The project envisions conducting a series of representative surveys of the country's adult population and of the business sector at three-month intervals. This will make it possible not only to examine the dynamics of the problem, but also to collect reliable information about the differences in the attitudes of the general population and the business community to the manifestations and reasons for the development of the hidden economy in this country.
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