Gender differences in conflict resolution. The effect of gender identity

Diferente între sexe în rezolvarea conflictelor. Influenta identitãtii de sex

Author(s): Mihaela Boza / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 07/2001

The aim of this paper is to emphasize the action and reaction to conflict of the individuals who differ in their biological sex and sex-role orientation. We used the method of scale ratings and questionnaires. The independent variables are sex, age and sex-role orientation. Their effects in showing hostility and choosing a strategy to solve conflict are discussed. We studied the internal homogeneity and validity of scales by means of correlation and factor analysis. We also studied the relation within the dependent variables without taking account of the influence of independent variables. The assumptions were made according to social stereotypes of masculinity and femininity. The assumptions stand true only when the individual is sex-typed according to his/her biological sex. The effect of variable "biological sex" only, is reversed than hypothesized.

The evolution of values in Gipsy communities: A comparative study in Romania and France

Évolution des valeurs tsiganes. Étude comparée des Tsiganes roumains et des Tsiganes français

Author(s): Anne-Marie Mamontoff,Jean Claude Deschamps,Adrian Neculau / Language(s): French / Issue: 07/2001

This study should be considered as a part of the mainstream European research programs aimed to promote Gipsy integration. Unemployment, poverty and illiteracy are key factors that contribute decisively to the Gipsy exclusion in modern societies. More than this, gipsy specific culture is seen as being in contradiction with host societies way of living. Our aim was to compare Rromi population from France and Romania searching for certain differences. The main conclusion of our study is that, beside all the similarities, Gipsy populations have marked distinctions. These distinctions are due to their geographical zones of origins and forms of sedentary life. Romanian Gipsy population changed their traditional way of living whereas Gipsies living in France preserved their distinctive cultural features. We start by analysing the socio-historical contexts that generated differences in sedentary life of Rromi populations (comunism in Romania, democracy in France). Then we focus on the distinction between adaptive behavioural patterns used by Gipsies in France and Romania. We show how these differences are responsible for the preservation of traditional values for Gipsies in France and loss of them for Gipsies in Romania.

Social memory: theoretical and analysis frameworks (1)

Memoria socialã: cadru de definire si modele de analizã (1)

Author(s): Constantin Ticu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 07/2001

Interview with Dario Paez by Luminita Mihaela Iacob

Interviu cu Dario Paez realizat de Luminita Mihaela Iacob

Author(s): Luminiţa Mihaela Iacob / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 07/2001

Book review: Michel-Louis Rouquette, Patrick Rateau. Introduction à l'étude des représentations sociales. PUG, Grenoble, 1998

Michel-Louis Rouquette, Patrick Rateau. Introduction à l'étude des représentations sociales. PUG, Grenoble, 1998

Author(s): Jean Marie Seca / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 07/2001

Social dynamics and the paradox of the inovative team leadership

Dinamica socialã si paradoxul conducerii echipei inovative

Author(s): Helga Hohn / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 07/2001

This paper focuses on the leadership of innovative teams. A selected number of social and creative dynamics of teams are introduced and a model, describing the paradox of leading an innovative team, is proposed and integrated into existing models of leadership. Leading an innovative team is a paradoxical challenge for a leader. On the one hand, a team needs time and space to create, freedom to take risks and to disregard procedures and rules. On the other hand, a team should work efficiently towards a goal within the constraints established by organisational resources and culture. Two leadership modes, the generative and the focussing, are proposed for this paradoxical process of leading an innovative team. These two modes are described and placed within current decisions making models of leadership and leadership style. Finally an integrated model is presented.

Is self fulfilling prophecy more efficient in group than individual manipulation?

Profetia autorealizatoare, mai eficienta în manipularea grupurilor decât a indivizilor?

Author(s): Lucian Radu,Cristian Ciupercă / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 07/2001

Underlining the self-fulfilling prophecy has been the aim of a large number of studies in social psychology. Nevertheless very few of them are focused on the its evolution in time. This present study belongs to the later category and envisages the enlargement of the empirical basis for the use of the self-fulfilling prophecy as a manipulation technique. The study is based on the universal manifestation of the Muhammad Ali phenomenon in the Western culture. We have tried to eliminate the respective phenomenon by means of manipulating the self-image, which triggers the appearance of a self-fulfilling prophecy. Therefore, we used four experimental groups made by students in social psychology. During the seminars, the participants were induced to believe that they consider themselves either more intelligent (the members of two groups), or more honest (the other two groups). The assessment of the impact on the alteration of the self-image took place immediately for two groups while for the other two groups it took place two weeks later. Meanwhile, the experimenter reminded the respective groups, on different occasions, the initial image. A presence of the manipulating activity was registered after this period, but at the same time, there was a decrease of the intensity of its effects.

Ethical issues in personality assessement

Probleme etice generate de studiul si evaluarea personalitãtii

Author(s): Ion Dafinoiu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 07/2001

The study analyses the main aspects of the scientifical activity that can engage ethical problems: a) formulation of theories or of the problems of the research; b) the leadership of the research and the treatment applied to the participants in the research; c) the institutional frame in which the research is organized; d) the interpretation and implementation of the results of the research. Also, the author gives a critical presentation of the types of ethical problems encountered in the psychological research and in the activity of personality evaluation: privacy, respect for the dignity of the person psychologically evaluated, the informed consent, the deceiving or fooling of the subjects, confidentiality.

Editorial note: Three years

Trei ani

Author(s): Adrian Neculau / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 07/2001

Autobiographical memory, emotion and identity research: a case study on chemical drugs consumers in Greece

Memoria autobiograficã, emotia si investigarea identitãtii: studiu de caz asupra consumatorilor de droguri chimice în Grecia

Author(s): Sophia S. Triadafyllidou,Anastassia-Valentine Rigas / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 07/2001

The objective of this case-study is to indicate the diverse inscription of drug-use in the identity system of two groups of participants, young "ecstasy" users and non-users, with similar demographical features. The theoretical-methodological approach of the identity system that we have employed emphasizes the role of autobiographical memory and emotion, integrated into a perspective that permits us to approach the structuring mechanisms of the participants' identity space, while IMIS questionnaire (Zavalloni & Louis-Guerin, 1984) provided us with the means to achieve this purpose. Data collection through the application of IMIS questionnaire and the identity space analysis in two groups of participants, users and non-users, showed that the representations of their social world were integrated into a network of concepts, related to autobiographical experiences and emotions that marked the most general orientations of their identity system and their sense of the Self.

How is social memory built today?

Cum se construieste azi memoria socialã?

Author(s): Adrian Neculau / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 07/2001

Book review: Pierre De Visscher, Adrian Neculau (coord.). Dinamica grupurilor. Editura Polirom, Iasi, 2001

Pierre De Visscher, Adrian Neculau (coord.). Dinamica grupurilor. Editura Polirom, Iasi, 2001

Author(s): Dorina Salavastru / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 07/2001

The intellectual base of the political left- and right wings inpost-1989 Poland

Intelektualne zaplecze polityczne lewicy i prawicy w Polsce po 1989 roku. Wstępna diagnoza

Author(s): Maria Dmochowska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 21/2008

The article presents the most important conclusions drawn from research on the intellectual base of politics in post-1989 Poland (1). The research aimed to reconstruct the institutional history of the milieux which, following the change to the political system, provided the intellectual base of both the left- and right-wing groups and parties; to make a sui generis inventory of these institutions (in the sociological sense of the word), and to create a 'map', which would make it possible to describe their dynamics and ideological profiles over time. Bearing in mind that these issues have not yet been subjected to any empirical analysis, the very conceptualisation of the term 'intellectual base of politics ' was an important part of the study. The results of the research presented in the article refer i.a. to changes in the dynamics of the development of the base in question, its intellectual weakness and the nature of the links between the intellectuals and the politicians, as well as the mode, the scale and the nature of impact of this base on politics, as perceived by the intellectuals. A review of the various institutional forms of the intellectual base of politics and their suggested typology is also included.

The Slovak autoportrait/own portrait. Speaking of the slovakian discourse about identity

Słowaków portret własny. Rzecz o słowackim dyskursie tożsamościowym

Author(s): Paweł Ukielski,Piotr Bajda / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 21/2008

Review: Radosław Zenderowski, Nad tatrami błyska się... Słowacka tożsamość narodowa w dyskursie politycznym w Republice Słowackiej (1989-2004), Warszawa 2007.

South Sudan - a New State or a Failed State?

Południowy Sudan - nowe państwo czy państwo upadłe? Analiza procesu wdrażania układu pokojowego końcącego wojnę domową na południu Sudanu

Author(s): Wojciech Wilk / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 21/2008

South Sudan - a New State or a Failed State? "South Sudan - a New State or a Failed State?" is an analysis of the implementation of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement of 2005, which ended a 23-year civil war in southern Sudan The war between the Government of Sudan, dominated by an Islamist party, and the Southern Sudanese rebels has been one of the longest-lasting conflicts in Africa (1983-2005). In the Comprehensive Peace Agreement, the Government of Sudan conceded to the inclusion of the South Sudan rebels, the SPLM, in the National Unity Government, as well as to the granting of considerable autonomy to this region and half of revenue from oil produced on the latter's territory. 2011 will see a referendum in South Sudan, where its population will decide whether to remain as a part of Sudan or to declare independence in 2012. Free elections, the first for many years, are scheduled to take place in Sudan in 2009, which may result in the Islamist National Congress Party, which has been ruling in Khartoum since 1989, losing its grip on power. The article analyses the current implementation status of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement, as well as the Government of Sudan's policy, which is delaying the resolution of the key issues. The author also describes the political, military and economic challenges facing the autonomous Government of South Sudan which, if not resolved, may lead to the emergence of another failed state in Africa.

The West and the Arab world in the light of globalisation

Zachód i świat arabski w świetle globalizacji

Author(s): Katarzyna Brataniec / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 21/2008

The article dwells on the complex problem of globalisation and, in particular, on its influence on both modern Western and traditional Arab societies. It presents the dilemmas related to the contact of local culture and the modern one in the context of the Arab world. Apart from this, it touches upon some of the basis problems related to globalisaton, such as the asymmetrical development of particular regions of the world, the restricted role of the nation state, the impact of globalisation on the social environment and the emergence of trends towards particularism, aimed against the process of uniformising the world.

Review

Recenzje

Author(s): Mariusz Tomczak,Artur Kulik ,Przemysław W. Gembiak,Włodzimierz Batóg,Jakub Wódka,Józef M. Fiszer,Małgorzata Adamik,Janusz Skodlarski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 21/2008

Review: Populizm na przełomie XX i XXI wieku. Panaceum czy pułapka dla współczesnych społeczeństw?, pod redakcją Marii Marczewskiej-Rytko, Toruń 2006; Sytuacja wewnętrzna w krajach postkomunistycznych Europy i Azji oraz ich polityka międzynarodowa w latach 2006-2007, pod redakcją Józefa M. Fiszera, Warszawa 2007; Jan Tokarski, Neokonserwatyści a polityka USA w nowym wieku, Kraków 2006; Michael Schaller, Right Tum, Ameńcan Life in the Reagan – Bush Era, 1980-1992, New York – Oxford 2007; „Kultura" paryska. Twórcy, dzieło, recepcja, pod redakcją Iwony Hofman, Lublin 2007; Jean-Claude Michea, L'empire du moindre mai. Essai sur la ciuilisation liberale, Paris 2007 ; Ewa Latoszek, Integracja europejska. Mechanizmy i wyzwania, Warszawa 2007; Лариса С. Лыкошина, Полъша после выбороб 2005 г. Аналитческий обзор, Москва 2006; Władysław Bartoszewski, „ Und reifi uns den Hass aus der Seele". Die schwieńge Aussóhnung von Polen und Deutschen, Warszawa 2005.

The Reform of the Us Immigration System According to President George. W. Bush

Reforma amerykańskiego systemu imigracyjnego według prezydenta George'a W. Busha

Author(s): Paweł Podleśko / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 21/2008

The author undertakes to present the concept of the reform of the American immigration system, as articulated by the current President, George W. Bush in his State of the Nation address to the Congress, delivered in January 2007. The first part of the contribution describes the principles on which, according to the President, a comprehensive change to the system should be based. Specific action, which, in the President’s option, need to be undertaken are described further. The next section of the essay analyses them in detail, in the context of their effectiveness, their actual feasibility and the chances of their application in the American political realities. In conclusion, the article extensively recapitulates the reaction of the Republican Party to the President’s idea and explains why his initiative failed.

Museum Hacking, Causa Locuta

Muzealny hacking, causa locuta

Author(s): Magdalena Radomska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 05/2010

Dycki. Unrepeatable Repeatability

Dycki. Niepowtarzalna powtarzalność

Author(s): Krzysztof Hoffmann / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 05/2010