Topographies of Balkanisation

Topographien der Balkanisierung

Author(s): Tatjana Petzer / Language(s): German / Issue: 02-03/2007

Abstract: Maps drawn by cultural policies and the arts have accompanied the political and territorial rearrangements of South East Europe during the 20th century. At the be-ginning stands the Yugoslav avant-garde movement Zenitizam. It proclaimed the ʺBal-kanisation of Europeʺ as a programme of creative destruction of established aestheti-cal-ethical and political systems, to be achieved by unleashing the Balkanic force. De-lineating the semantic shifts in the reassessment of the terminus technicus ʹBalkanisa-tionʹ, the cultural and artistic topographies reveal the coherence between politics, vio-lence and art. The paper discusses these topographies and the implicit strategies of demarcation that are in contrast to stereotyped concepts of the Balkans and Yugosla-via. In these strategies, ʹBalkanisationʹ manifests itself as a figure that runs opposite to the delimitation of geographical, political and cognitive spaces.

The EU Presence in a Post-Status Kosovo Challenges and Opportunities

The EU Presence in a Post-Status Kosovo Challenges and Opportunities

Author(s): Marie-Janine Calic ,Tamás Szemlér,Tamás Novák,Peter Schmidt / Language(s): English / Issue: 02-03/2007

Abstract: Starting from an overview of the political background of the Kosovo issue, rooted in Serb and Albanian history, the paper then describes the main features of the current situation: 'nothing more than autonomy' from one side, 'nothing less than inde-pendence' for the other. Against this background, the authors then examine the recently formulated vision of EU involvement in Kosovo after the status settlement, as set out in a series of joint reports by High Representative Solana and Commissioner Rehn over the last couple of years. This is followed by a concise description and critical evaluation of the EU record in Kosovo since 1999 and a brief discussion of the challenges that await the planned EU rule of law mission and other EU actions in Kosovo. Linkages with other EU instruments and policies are also considered in this context, as is the broader context of activities by other actors of the international community involved in the Kosovo issue. The paper concludes on a number of recommendations regarding future EU activi-ties in Kosovo, as well as their impact on the stability of Kosovo's direct and wider neighbourhood. These address both the EU's material presence in and financial support for Kosovo itself, and the need to clarify membership prospects – and conditions – for the whole region.

The Debate on a new History Text in Greece

Die Auseinandersetzung um ein neues Geschichtsbuch in Griechenland

Author(s): Ekkehard Kraft / Language(s): German / Issue: 02-03/2007

Abstract: In 2006 the Greek Ministry of Education and Religious Affairs replaced most of the text books for primary schools with new ones. The new history text (16th - 20th century) for the 6th class soon attracted intense criticisms, initiated by Archbishop Christodoulos of Athens. Politicians from across the political spec-trum, organizations, public figures, and mass media joined in the attack against the text for allegedly distorting Greek national history and destroying national memory. In reality the book tried to incorporate the scholarship of academic his-torians and to break with some nationalist myths that have dominated the teach-ing of history since the 19th century. Whereas education minister Giannakou re-sisted demands to recall the book, her successor withdrew it after the elections in September 2007.

Historiography and Politics: The research on the Crimes the Romanian State Commited against the Jews under Its Rule between 1940-1944

Historiographie und Politik: Die Aufarbeitung der Massenverbrechen an den Juden im rumänischen Herrschaftsbereich

Author(s): Hildrun Glass / Language(s): German / Issue: 02-03/2007

Abstract: This article analyses the discourse by the Romanian state on the crimes it committed against the Jews under its rule between 1940-1944. This discussion could begin only after the end of Communism. It took a decisive turn in the period leading up to Romania's entry into NATO. Originally motivated by opportunism, this dis-course now shows signs of turning into a genuine attempt to come to terms with these crimes.

CIVILISATIONAL VISIONS OF MACEDONIAN KING ARCHELAUS I (413-399 B.C.)

ЦИВИЛИЗАЦИСКИТЕ ВИЗИИ НА МАКЕДОНСКИОТ КРАЛ АРХЕЛАЈ I (413‡399 год. пред н.е.)

Author(s): Katerina Mladenovska-Ristovska / Language(s): Macedonian / Issue: 1/2011

Keywords: Кing Archelaus I (413-399 B.C.); military reforms; monetary reforms; politic reforms; cultural reforms.

The Macedonian Kingdom had very many capable rulers who provided free politic, economic, military and cultural development of the state towards the pedestal of the powerful Balkans factor and the world empire through decades. Among them special place takes the Macedonian king Archelaus I (413–399 B.C.) who successfully stroke back at the Hellenic world on all fields of the social, politic, economic and cultural life. In rivalry for prestige he used all the traditional Macedonian experience but without reserve he accepted, supported and propagandized the prohellenism not to assimilate his people but to give new civilization glow and reputation to the king court and with the prohellenic propaganda to acquire the Hellenic world in order to impose more easily the Macedonian political hegemony. After he ensured the throne, for quick development of the state in order to keep pace with the contemporary civilization course he performed important politic, economic, military and cultural reforms.

CULTURE, OTHERNESS AND LITERATURE

КУЛТУРАТА, ДРУГОСТА И ЛИТЕРАТУРАТА

Author(s): Ranko Mladenoski / Language(s): Macedonian / Issue: 1/2011

Keywords: cultural identity; multiculturalism; cultural semiospheres; intercultural communication; literary-cultural interpretation.

This paper is primarily an overview of the past tradition in defining the very complex notion of culture. In this sense, it emphasizes the fact that the differences in defining this notion go so far as to offer contradictory definitions. Namely, many authors have different approaches in setting the semantic framework of the notion of culture. The paper cites a large number of experts who have tried to define the notion of culture and who have elaborated on aspects of intercultural communication, such as Clifford Geertz, Cvetan Todorov, Talcott Parsons, Sigmund Freud, Claude Levi-Strauss, Yuri Lotman, Edward Said, Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, Noam Chomsky, Ivan Dzheparovski, Slavica Srbinovska and others. On this basis, we come to a general conclusion that the notion of culture is commonly associated with the following categories: a) language; b) nationality; c) ethnicity (ethnic affiliation); d) religion (religious affiliation). The main aim of the paper is to point to the theoretical research base on culture whose results can serve as literary-theoretical instruments for cultural analysis in the field of literature.

AUTHOR METALANGUAGE IN THE STYLE OF LITERARY TEXT

АВТОРСКИЙ МЕТАЯЗЫК В СТИЛИСТИКЕ ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННОГО ТЕКСТА

Author(s): Luiza A. Petrova / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1/2011

Keywords: metalanguage; literary text; stylistics; definition; denotative component; connotative component

The article deals with the interpretation of particular lexical items in the art text. The denotative and connotative components in the structure of intra-lexicographic article are analyzed from the perspective of the author’s creative intention. It is concluded the author’s way of lexicography organical supplement of the main content, enhancing the process and relaying the collective experience of native speaker, and thus expanding the boundaries of linguistic and cultural space of the text.

DAVID HUME FOR BEAUTY AND TASTE (300 YEARS SINCE THE PHILOSOPHER'S BIRTH)

ДЕЈВИД ХЈУМ ЗА УБАВИНАТА И ЗА ВКУСОТ (300 ГОДИНИ ОД РАЃАЊЕТО НА ФИЛОЗОФОТ)

Author(s): Ivan Geparoski / Language(s): Macedonian / Issue: 1/2011

Keywords: David Hume; beauty; taste; standard of taste; aesthetics

The aim of this article is to investigate the main ideas of David Hume’s philosophical and aesthetical approaches and to stress that the significance of his interpretations of beauty and taste today are even more important then hundred years ago. This year (2011), celebrating 300 years from the birth of the philosopher (1711) it’s very important, once again, to point out that Hume’s essay “Of the Standard of Taste” today is a canonical text connected with the category of taste, and according to the opinions of the most important contemporary aestheticians (Beardsley, Shelley, Dickie), along with Kant’s third Critic, it is foundation work of the modern aesthetical theory.

INTERCULTURAL LITERATURE WRITERS' SPACE

PROSTOR PISACA INTERKULTURNE KNJIŽEVNOSTI

Author(s): Šeherzada Džafić / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 1/2011

Keywords: spatiatility; speciality; intercultured literature; town; house

Spatiatility in literature can be understood and conceived from many aspects. In this work I will try to represent the space as one of possible approaches to study of intercultured literature. Intercultured literature, whose name includes certain spatiatility, is suitable for researching of “intercultured“ authors and literatures where the space of their movements would be researched. As paradigm to this work two novels by Irfan Horozović will serve me and they are Pisaći stroj ručne izrade (1983) and Kalfa (1988). Those two novels with their inception (written in one town/country, and printed in other) include implicitly particular spatiatility and precisely because inception in some other, enable reading off the one. We will see how is so-called hybridity of this author read off with the help of towns (Banja Luka and Zagreb), and the house (attic and cellar). In his view, the town is the place of recognition of identity, and the house is the place of day dreaming and returning to past, native, maternally.

TRANSLATION AS INTERCULTURAL FACT

PRIJEVOD KAO INTERKULTURNA ČINJENICA

Author(s): Tomislav Kuzmanović / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 1/2011

Keywords: interculturality; intercultural literary studies; translation studies; authorship in translation; act and process of translation; polisystem theory; system of translated literature; interliterary communities.

By asking the question of originality in translation i.e. authorship in translation, the article defines translation as the other original of which the translator is the author. The translation as the other original emerges from the original culture, breaks its ties with it and adds to its characteristic by adopting linguistic, literary and cultural features of the translation culture. In this way the translation stops being the fact of the original culture just as it never completely succeeds to become the fact of the translation culture. The translation thus exists in the space of affiliated non-affiliation, it starts a dialogue i.e. polilogue between the original and translation culture and becomes a fact of both cultures, which through translation get into contact, communicate and influence each other.

HOLE IN THE STONE AS A SYMBOL

ОТВОРОТ НА КАМЕНОТ КАКО СИМБОЛ

Author(s): Dragica Popovska / Language(s): Macedonian / Issue: 1/2011

Keywords: Holy stone; the hole; symbol; semantic messages.

The external shape of the stone within the ethnological-anthropological observations, play probably the most important role his experience as "holy". The hole in this context that emerges as the main identification feature of sacred stones is an interesting aspect of many semantic messages that in itself brings. It is a symbolic element that reflects the cult-magical content in the eyes of the individual, and beyond the traditional community where it exists.

FEMALE OUTSIDERS IN MASCULINE WORLD - FEMALE CHARACTERS IN KOLE ČAŠULE'S TRILOGY "DARKNESS"

AUTSAJDERICE U MUŠKOME SVIJETU – ŽENSKI LIKOVI U TRILOGIJI „CRNILA“ KOLA ČAŠULA

Author(s): Ivica Baković / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 1/2011

Keywords: Kole Čašule; macedonian literature; theatre; drama; feminism.

The paper explores the image and the status of two main female characters in Kole Čašule's trilogy Darkness: Neda in Darkness and Katerina in Zitolub. Starting from Froma Zeitlin's theoretical premises on playing the feminin in greek tragedy and Hans Mayer's analysis of female figures in the western art and culture, the aim of this analysis is to show two types of female characters in Čašule's historical plays.

MAGICAL REALISM IN THE COMPARATIVE CONTEXT

MAGICAL REALISM IN THE COMPARATIVE CONTEXT

Author(s): Kornelije D. Kvas,Kim Sang Hun / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2011

Keywords: magical realism; reception; non-linear narrative; baroque; comparative analysis; García Márquez; Milorad Pavić

This paper considers to what extent contemporary discourses about magical realism might contribute to a comparative understanding of the works of Milorad Pavić, especially his novel Dictionary of the Khazars. Comparative analysis of elements of magical realism in Pavić’s exemplary novel reveals characteristics of both European and Latin American forms of magical realism. Therefore, the paper places Pavić’s novel into the context of magical realism.

THE OTHER AS CONSTITUTIVE ELEMENT OF THE SUBJECT: S.B. FEAT. S.B.

DRUGI KAO KONSTITUTIVNI ELEMENT SUBJEKTA: S. B. feat. S. B.

Author(s): Dubravka Bogutovac / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 1/2011

Keywords: Svetislav Basara; Samuel Beckett; Serbian literature; short story

The short story „Svetislav Basara intervjuiše Semjuela Beketa za Treći program Radio-Beograda“ („Svetislav Basara Interviews Samuel Beckett on the Third Channel of the Radio Belgrade“ by David Albahari is the starting point of the analysis that questions the poetical connections of the Basara and Beckett's fiction. In so doing, the central interests are Beckett's novel „Molloy“ and Basara's fictions „Priče u nestajanju“ („Vanishing Stories“), „Kinesko pismo“ („Chinese Letter“) and „Peking by Night“. The article discusses the status of the selected concepts from Albahari’s short story (“shapelessness”, “speech”, “frame”, “rain”, “pause”, “monologue”, “dialog”, “silence”, “darkness”, “unvisited place”, “work” and “emptiness”) in the context of poetics by the given authors. On the abstract level, Basara’s „Priče u nestajanju“, „Kinesko pismo“ and „Peking by night“, just as Beckett’s „Molloy“, mediate existential convulsion of the subject faced with the emptiness and nothingness whereat the writing turns out to be the compulsion, but also the prolongation of death. Therefore, Basara’s fiction represents the rich potential for intertextual openness, which will be confirmed in the article with the additional comparative analysis on the concept of characters/storytellers.

PREŠEREN AND KOSEŠKI - CANONICAL COMPARISON OF THE SITUATION AND THEIR COMPLEXITY IN THE RECEPTION OF POETRY

PREŠEREN IN KOSESKI – PRIMERJAVA KANONIČNEGA POLOŽAJA IN RECEPCIJSKE ZAHTEVNOSTI NJUNE POEZIJE

Author(s): Zoran Božič / Language(s): Slovenian / Issue: 1/2011

Keywords: Prešeren; Koseski; canon; reception; empirical study

Jovan V. Koseski and France Prešeren were poets to whom literary history attributes undisputed merits for the development of Slovenian national conscience - to the former in the mid 19th century, and to the latter from the 1860s to today. The difference is mainly in the view of the artistic value of their poetry, as Slovenian literary history attributes to Prešeren the status of a top-level European poet, while it denies any significant aesthetic dimensions of the poetry of Koseski. An empirical study among Slovenian secondary school students showed that Prešeren's poems are more difficult to understand than Koseski's poems, mainly due to the many abstract metaphors. Namely, almost half of the surveyed participants attributed greater artistic value to XVI. glosa by Koseski than to Prešeren's Glosa.

ONIRISM AND POETIC WORLD OF SURREALISM

ОНИРИЗМ И ПОЭТИЧЕСКИЙ МИР СЮРРЕАЛИЗМА

Author(s): Jasmina Mojsieva-Gusheva / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1/2011

Keywords: onirism; surrealism; imaginative process; higher reality; word play; associations; dreaming; hallucinative creations; condensing; bridging; symbolizing

This article is dedicated to the relation between onirism and the surrealistic poetic image which, seen from higher grounds, are closely interconnected. The etymological interpretation of dreaming indicates it is a specific state of the spirit that is characterised with hallucinative creations and disturbances of the realistic logical perception. Surrealism, on the other hand, is based on the belief in a higher reality of certain, already forgotten, forms of association, as well as on the belief in the power of dreams and the free word play. It is obvious that both of these phenomena are characterised by the unusual reality that is a result of a creation which inevitably contains inspiration as the initial imaginative process. What brings them closer together are also the common, easily recognisable mechanisms of reflecting, condensing, bridging, symbolizing, and other characteristics that can be found in both areas. It is what conditions their interconnection and this article shall illustrate it practically through the abundant poetry teeming with oniric surrealistic images written by Serbian, Macedonian and French poets (Milan Dedinac, Dushan Matich, Vlada Uroshevich, Mateja Matevski and Robert Desnos).

IDIOMS MEANING 'NEVER' IN BULGARIAN, CROATIAN, MACEDONIAN, AND SERBIAN LANGUAGES

FRAZEMI SA ZNAČENJEM 'NIKADA' U BUGARSKOM, HRVATSKOM, MAKEDONSKOM I SRPSKOM JEZIKU

Author(s): Ana Vasung / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 1/2011

Keywords: idioms; Bulgarian language; Croatian language; Macedonian language; Serbian language; contrastive analysis

The paper deals with corpus of Bulgarian, Croatian, Macedonian and Serbian idioms with the meaning 'never'. Idioms can be classified into three groups; the first group is motivated by days and holidays, in the second group impossible characteristics are attributed to the subject, while the third group consists of idioms with the component of time adverb. We analyse origins, motivation, semantics and their equivalence in both languages.

WORD FORMATION OF PROTO-SLAVIC VERB IN COMPARATIVE LINGUISTIC PERSPECTIVE

BESEDOTVORJE PRASLOVANSKEGA GLAGOLA V PRIMERJALNOJEZIKOSLOVNI LUČI

Author(s): Matej Šekli / Language(s): Slovenian / Issue: 1/2011

Keywords: word formation; verb; Proto-Slavic; relative chronology; Indo-European dialectology.

In the article the word formation of Proto-Slavic verb is discussed from comparative-linguistic prospective. Word-formationally motivated verbal classes with typical infinitve suffixes (PSl. *-nǫ-, *-ě1/’a-, *-i-, *-a-, *-ov/’ev-a-) are compared with their parallels in other (ancient) Indo-European languages. On the basis of this external comparison the word-formational patterns of Proto-Slavic verb are grouped, according to their geographical distribution within Indo-European branches, in terms of relative chronology (Late-Proto-Indo-European, Non-Common-Indo-European, Proto-Balto-Slavic, Proto-Slavic).

THESSALONIKI IN REPORTS OF FOREIGN TRAVEL WRITERS

СОЛУН ВО ИЗВЕШТАИТЕ НА СТРАНСКИТЕ ПАТОПИСЦИ

Author(s): Silvana Sidorovska-Chupovska / Language(s): Macedonian / Issue: 1/2011

Keywords: The Ottoman Empire; Macedonia; Thessalonica; reform efforts; health; health care/system; forigen reports.

Health care in a country is one of the important elements for preserving and improving people’s health and their living and working environment, and for protection of their living standards and social safety. A great thinker once said: “Society with poor and bad education and bad health system will always be poor”. The history of the health and medical culture in Macedonia including the social health and medical conditions in the 19th century has shown that pioneer steps in this respect were made and in Thessalonica at the time. This mostly applies to the mid-century when the Ottoman authorities started introducing the first laws on organization of health care. That step was only one amongst measures not only intended for protection of the Ottoman armies but the population in the Empire as well. In 19th century epidemic of the plague in the Thessalonica had destructive effect upon of the people in the city. The issue of the taking care ill was part of the positive measures for the prevention of the infectious diseases.

Men on the Protection of the blockaded Leningrad and loved ones

Мужчины на защите блокированного Ленинграда и близких

Author(s): Vladimir Leonidovich Pyankevich / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 19/2014

Keywords: The Great Patriotic War; the siege of Leningrad; the frontline soldiers; hunger

The article investigates the behavior of soldiers-Leningrad, to assist their loved ones, suffered severely from hunger.