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One of the most popular methods of control applied in everyday academic education is, undoubtedly, a written test of knowledge. The traditional method, known to all, has been applied for several years now in a modern layout, based on information technology devices. This article is an attempt to answer the question: Is it worthwhile to use modern information technology tools in the process of examination?
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The existence of information asymmetry is one of the reasons for introduction of quality standards, whose primary aim is to minimize this phenomenon. There can be observed an increasing acquisition of this function by e-intermediaries who, beside being a part of distribution channel, provide actual and potential customers with information about goods and services. Quality standards may be provided either by state (public regulation) or by industry organizations (self-regulation). The aim of this article is to examine the relationship between two forms of quality standard introduction and proliferation of e-intermediaries market on the hotel market case. To examine whether e-intermediary market differs in countries with both forms of quality standard introduction we examined capital cities of European Union countries and compared number of hotel establishments and their availability on the popular e-intermediaries websites. Comparing those numbers in 27 EU capitals enabled to negatively verify the hypothesis that proliferation of e-intermediaries differs significantly in those two groups of countries. This leads to the assumption that the activities of e-intermediaries cannot be seen as a substitute for quality standards but have a rather complementary function.
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Training with the use of problem-based learning has become increasingly popular at all levels of education, including business education. An example of this type of learning is case study method. This method allows developing skills and competencies used by managers in their work, for example ability to synthesize, identify problems, and make decisions. Despite many advantages of the case study method and its widespread use in the training of executives and managers, it is used to illustrate the problems of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) relatively rarely. Many business case studies are based on the problems faced by large companies, and not those from the SME sector, which greatly reduces the possibility of using this method of training for managers and owners of SMEs. This paper helps to solve this problem by presenting a model used to create business case studies devoted to the needs of SMEs. Case studies created on the base of this model can be used to train managers, supervisors, owners of such companies and prospective candidates. The model can also be developed and modified, which increases its potential application in other training areas. The model was developed and tested within the INNOCASE project (project website: www.innocase.zie.pg.gda.pl).
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The paper discusses the foreign language teaching methodology at the university. Among the learning outcomes, formulated by the legal regulation of the National Qualifications Framework, next to the categories of knowledge and skills, was a third category of learning outcomes - social competence. Defining, methods of training and verification of social competence could be a challenge for lecturers. The issue of social competence and socialization of students has been present in the literature in the field of academic teaching for many years. Recently it has been formalized and formulated in the form of legal regulation - Regulation of the Minister of Science and Higher Education of 2 November 2011 on the National Qualifications Framework for Higher Education (KRK). During the planning of the learning process, it is important to select properly the content and methods of education, which will enable the training of social competence in accordance with the principles of university education and KRK assumptions. The article provides an overview of definitions of social competence in the social sciences and presents also the understanding of this category in Polish Referencing Report, which is a description of Polish Qualifications Framework. Next, the paper presents examples of training methods to realize teaching assumed target (educatory). It seeks to identify the legitimacy of using active methods of teaching, based on the principles of constructivist teaching. These include mainly the problem solving methods, taking into account the learning cycle of Kolb. The selective choice of the presented methods includes the specificity of academic education of adults, which was also briefly described.
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The degree and extent to which the concept of knowledge management is used in travel agencies may be the determining factor in the possibilities of obtaining a competitive advantage and thus in the development prospects of this group of tourist enterprises. The main research issue in the article is the use of the concept of knowledge management in travel agencies. The article shows the extent of the use of this concept among tour operators from the Opole province. The first part of the paper presents the process of knowledge management and characterizes IT tools for creating, codification and transfer of knowledge. In the second part a brief description of the travel agency as an entity of the tourist economy is provided. The third part presents the results of the survey. In the last section summary and conclusions are described. In the paper two main methods of research were used: documentary method and the method of diagnostic survey. After the inventory of travel agencies located in the Opole province, a diagnostic survey was conducted regarding the scope of the use of knowledge management. Survey research was conducted in January 2015 among owners or managers of 28 travel agencies located in the Opole province. The majority of the respondents said that in their companies this concept is applicable. The most commonly used knowledge management processes are: the use, preservation and acquisition of knowledge, and tools for supporting these processes: documentation management systems and workflow systems.
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This article emphasises the influence that the quality and information capacity of the chosen form of accounting have on both, the micro-enterprise development opportunities, and the entrepreneurial behavior of their respective owners. Highlighted in a survey conducted among university students and academics is the role of accounting system information, and the legal and tax regulations within business processes practically implemented in the organisation. The paper proposes the concept of training young entrepreneurs in the field of accounting using process approach to management. On the basis of examples of processes in the area of accounting, there are presented the clear advantages of process modeling with the aim of reducing risk, and identifying tax and balance sheet consequences of micro-enterprise management decisions. The need to understand business processes, which in computer systems are often realised automatically without active participation of the user, is emphasised to students. The article indicates the need of controlling tools in micro-enterprises, something impossible to implement in Poland due to the dominance of simplified forms of tax records. The type of accounting record chosen may stimulate or inhibit the development of entrepreneurship by encouraging or discouraging entrepreneurial behavior. The inclusion of process approach to teaching accounting will enable prospective mico-entrepreneurs to understand the role of financial information in making management decisions. The article justifies process approach to entrepreneurship education through the prism of accounting, tax and legal regulations, equipping students with practical skills to plan, conduct and develop their own business.
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The purpose of the article is discussing the nature of critical analysis in management sciences in the context of system approach to organization, as a method giving closer view enabling to find the truth about examined problems, phenomena and processes. Important meaning for the development of management sciences has a thorough observation of social-economic reality, which should concentrate on recognizing cause-and-effect dependences between diagnosed facts, paying the special attention to clarifying real motives as well as the consequence of making managerial decisions. Taking into considerations these facts, the article presented the aims and fundamental assumptions of the critical analysis as a research method. Simultaneously, the author underlined its virtues, as well as defects. A crucial element of conducted deliberations is author's model which is stressing chosen problem issues associated with functioning organization for needs of critical analysis in management studies. The presented model is contributing to eliminate divergences which appears between a scientific theory and the management practice.
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